Professional Documents
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6 - 401
Table C1
Nominal Bolt
Size, Inches
D
Width across
flats, F
Height
H
Thread
length
Width across
flats, W
Height
H
5
16
25
64
15
32
35
64
39
64
11
16
25
32
27
32
15
16
1
114
138
112
134
2
2
214
214
7
8
1116
114
1716
158
11316
31
64
39
64
47
64
55
64
64
64
1764
1732
11132
11532
1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8
8
1116
114
1716
158
11316
1
118
114
138
112
2
2316
238
2
2316
238
Thread
Length
A325
Bolt Length
structural bolt is specified to be the same size as a heavy hex nut of the same nominal diameter in order that the ironworker may use a single size wrench or socket
on both the bolt head and the nut. Heavy hex structural bolts have shorter thread
length than bolts for general application. By making the body length of the bolt
the control dimension, it has been possible to exclude the thread from all shear planes,
except in the case of thin outside parts adjacent to the nut. Depending upon the amount
of bolt length added to adjust for incremental stock lengths, the full thread may extend
into the grip by as much as 38 inch for 12, 58, 34, 78, 114, and 112 in. diameter bolts
and as much as 12 inch for 1, 118 and 138 in. diameter bolts. Inclusion of some thread
run-out in the plane of shear is permissible. Of equal or even greater importance
is exercise of care to provide sufficient thread for nut tightening to keep the nut threads
from jamming into the thread run-out. When the thickness of an outside part is less
than the amount the threads may extend into the grip tabulated above, it may be
necessary to call for the next increment of bolt length together with sufficient flat
washers to ensure full tightening of the nut without jamming nut threads on the thread
run-out.
There is an exception to the short thread length requirements for ASTM A325
bolts discussed in the foregoing. Beginning with ASTM A325-83, supplementary
requirements have been added to the ASTM A325 Specification which permit the
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
A325
BOLT
A490
NUT
(1)
6 - 405
NUT
XYZ
A490
XYZ
MFGR IDENTIFICATION
(TYPICAL)
XYZ
XYZ
A325
BOLT
XYZ
DH
D
ARCS INDICATE
GRADE C
XYZ
A325
DH OR 2H (2)
XYZ
A490
SAME AS TYPE 1
NOTE MANDATORY
3 RADIAL LINES
AT 60
NOTE MANDATORY
6 RADIAL LINES
AT 30
(3)
XYZ
A325
NOTE MANDATORY
UNDERLINE
SAME AS
TYPE 1
(3)
XYZ
3
(3)
XYZ
A490
XYZ
DH3
DH3
NOTE MANDATORY
Fig. C2. Required marking for acceptable bolt and nut assemblies
tion of pressure, is waived for alternative design fasteners which incorporate a bearing
surface under the head of the same diameter as the hardened washer; however, the
requirements for hardened washers to satisfy the principal requirement of providing
a non-galling surface under the element turned in tightening is not waived. The
maximum thickness is the same for all standard washers up to and including 112
inch bolt diameter in order that washers may be produced from a single stock of
material.
The requirement that heat-treated washers not less than 516 inch thick be used
to cover oversize and slotted holes in external plies, when A490 bolts of 118 inch
or larger diameter are used, was found necessary to distribute the high clamping
pressure so as to prevent collapse of the hole perimeter and enable development
of the desired clamping force. Preliminary investigation has shown that a similar
but less severe deformation occurs when oversize or slotted holes are in the interior
plies. The reduction in clamping force may be offset by keying, which tends
to increase the resistance to slip. These effects are accentuated in joints of thin
plies
.
Marking. Heavy hex structural bolts and heavy hex nuts are required by ASTM
Specifications to be distinctively marked. Certain markings are mandatory. In addition to the mandatory markings, the manufacturer may apply additional distinguishing
marking. The mandatory and optional markings are shown in Figure C2.
Paint. In the previous edition of the Specification, generic names for paints applied
to faying surfaces was the basis for categories of allowable working stresses in fricAMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Type 1
Type 3*
HARDENED
WASHER
(Beveled)
2
12
Hex
head
Grip
Washer
face
Type 1
NUT MARKING
Type 3*
Alt. marking
D or DH
for type 1
DH3 for
Type 3
Nut marking
DH for Type 1
DH3 for Type 3
X
Hex Nut*
Type 1 and 3*
Hex
nut
Standard
marking
indicates
Grade C
HARDENED*
WASHER
(Plain)
Type 1
Type 3*
Optional Clip
A490
A490
Standard bolt
marking
A325
A325
Dia.
Dia.
8 - 10
BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS
BOLTED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 11
Table 8-2.
Dimensions of High-Strength Fasteners, in.
E
I.D.
Thread
Length
O.D.
A325
E
I.D.
Bolt Length
H
W
Nut may be chamfered
on both faces
A563
Nutsb
A325 and
A490 Boltsa
Measurement
Width Across
Flats F
Height H
Thread Length
Bolt Lengthf
=Grip +
Width Across
Flats W
Height H
F436 Square or
Rect. Washersc,e
F436 Circular
Washersc
Nom. Outside
Diameter OD
a
b
c
d
e
f
Nom. Inside
Diameter ID
Thckns.
T
1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8
1 1 8
1 1 4
1 3 8
1 1 2
11 16
11 4
17 16
15 8
113 16
2316
23 8
16
25
15
35
39
27
15
11
11
16
7
31
64
4
32
13
64
11
11 8
64
13
11
16
25
32
32
16
21
21 4
11 4
11 2
15 8
13 4
17 8
2316
23 8
11 16
11 4
17 16
15 8
113 16
64
39
47
55
64
63
17
13 4
21 4
21 2
23 4
11 8
11 4
13 8
11 2
15 8
64
11 16
15 16
17
11
32
16
64
115 32
13
16
15
16
64
64
17
32
111
32
115 32
Max.
0.097
0.122
0.122
0.136
0.136
0.136
0.136
0.136
0.136
Min.
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
1 332
1732
1516
Min. Edge
Distance E d
Min. Side
Dimension A
134
13 4
13 4
13 4
13 4
21 4
21 4
21 4
21 4
Mean Thckns. T
Taper in
Thickness
Min. Edge
Distance E d
16
16
2:12
7
16
16
16
2:12
9
16
21
32
16
25
32
16
2:12
2:12
21
25
32
32
16
2:12
7
16
16
16
16
2:12
2:12
2:12
2:12
1332
1732
1516
1/32; +1/32
0; +1/32
0.010
0.030
0.010
8 - 12
Table 8-3.
Weights of High-Strength Fasteners, pounds per 100 count
Nominal Bolt Diameter, in.
1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8
1 1 8
1 1 4
1 3 8
1 1 2
1
11 4
11 2
13 4
16.5
17.8
19.2
20.5
29.4
31.1
33.1
35.3
47.0
49.6
52.2
55.3
74.4
78.0
81.9
104
109
114
148
154
197
205
261
333
2
21 4
21 2
23 4
21.9
23.3
24.7
26.1
37.4
39.8
41.7
43.9
58.4
61.6
64.7
67.8
86.1
90.3
94.6
98.8
119
124
130
135
160
167
174
181
212
220
229
237
270
279
290
300
344
355
366
379
3
31 4
31 2
33 4
27.4
28.8
30.2
31.6
46.1
48.2
50.4
52.5
70.9
74.0
77.1
80.2
103
107
111
116
141
146
151
157
188
195
202
209
246
255
263
272
310
321
332
342
391
403
416
428
4
41 4
41 2
43 4
33.0
34.3
35.7
37.1
54.7
56.9
59.0
61.2
83.3
86.4
89.5
92.7
120
124
128
133
162
168
173
179
216
223
230
237
280
289
298
306
353
363
374
384
441
453
465
478
5
51 4
51 2
53 4
38.5
39.9
41.2
42.6
63.3
65.5
67.7
69.8
95.8
98.9
102
105
137
141
146
150
184
190
196
201
244
251
258
265
315
324
332
341
395
405
416
426
490
503
515
527
6
61 4
61 2
63 4
44.0
71.9
74.1
76.3
78.5
108
111
114
118
154
158
163
167
207
212
218
223
272
279
286
293
349
358
367
375
437
447
458
468
540
552
565
577
7
71 4
71 2
73 4
80.6
82.8
84.9
87.1
121
124
127
130
171
175
179
183
229
234
240
246
300
307
314
321
384
392
401
410
479
489
500
510
589
602
614
626
8
81 4
81 2
83 4
89.2
133
187
192
196
251
257
262
328
335
342
418
427
435
444
521
531
542
552
639
651
664
676
453
563
689
Per inch
addtl. add
5.5
8.6
12.4
16.9
22.1
28.0
34.4
42.5
49.7
100, F436
Circular Washers
2.1
3.6
4.8
7.0
9.4
11.3
13.8
16.8
20.0
23.1
22.4
21.0
20.2
19.2
34.0
31.6
31.2
32.9
This table conforms to weight standards adopted by the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), updated for washer
weights.
The assembly of high-strength bolted connections requires clearance for entering and
tightening the bolts with an impact wrench. The clearance requirements for conventional
high-strength bolts are as given in Table 8-4. When high-strength tension-control bolts
are specified, the entering and tightening clearances are as specified in Table 8-5.
Snug-Tightened and Fully Tensioned Installation
BOLTED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 17
Table 8-7.
Threading Dimensions for High-Strength and Non-High-Strength Bolts, in.
SCREW THREADS
Unified Standard Series-UNC/UNRC and 4UN/4UNR
ANSI B1.1
Nominal size (basic major dia.)
No. threads per inch (n)
H=0.866P
H
/8
P/
8
60
5/
8H
H
/4
db
P/
4
3/
4
- 10 UNC 2A LH
Thread Dimensions
Standard Designations
Diameter
Area
Bolt Diameter
db, in.
Min. Root K,
in.
Gross Bolt
Area, in.2
Min. Root
Area, in.2
Net Tensile
Area, in.2 a
Threads per
inch, n b
1
4
3
8
0.189
0.298
0.049
0.110
0.029
0.070
0.032
0.078
20
16
1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8
0.406
0.514
0.627
0.739
0.196
0.307
0.442
0.601
0.129
0.207
0.309
0.429
0.142
0.226
0.334
0.462
13
11
10
9
1
118
114
138
0.847
0.950
1.08
1.17
0.785
0.994
1.23
1.49
0.563
0.709
0.908
1.08
0.606
0.763
0.969
1.16
8
7
7
6
112
134
1.30
1.51
1.77
2.41
1.32
1.78
1.41
1.90
6
5
2
214
1.73
1.98
3.14
3.98
2.34
3.07
2.50
3.25
412
412
212
234
2.19
2.44
4.91
5.94
3.78
4.69
4.00
4.93
4
4
3
314
2.69
2.94
7.07
8.30
5.70
6.80
5.97
7.10
4
4
312
334
3.19
3.44
9.62
11.0
8.01
9.31
8.33
9.66
4
4
3.69
12.6
10.7
11.1
Notes:
0.9743
bFor diameters listed, thread series is UNC (coarse). For larger diameters, thread series is 4UN.
c2A denotes Class 2A fit applicable to external threads;
c2B denotes corresponding Class 2B fit for internal threads.