Challenge Problems

the magnetic eld at point A. (b) The wire is now unwrapped so it is

straight, centered on point C, and perpendicular to the line AC, but
the same current is maintained in it. Now nd the magnetic eld at
point A. (c) Which eld is greater: the one in part (a) or in part (b)?
By what factor? Why is this result physically reasonable?
28.77 . CALC A long, straight wire with a circular cross section of
radius R carries a current I. Assume that the current density is not
constant across the cross section of the wire, but rather varies as
J = ar, where a is a constant. (a) By the requirement that J integrated over the cross section of the wire gives the total current I,
calculate the constant a in terms of I and R. (b) Use Amperes law
to calculate the magnetic eld B1r2 for (i) r R and (ii) r R.
Express your answers in terms of I.
28.78 . CALC The wire shown
Figure P28.78
in Fig. P28.78 is innitely long
and carries a current I. Calculate
I
the magnitude and direction of
a
P
the magnetic eld that this curI
rent produces at point P.
28.79 . A conductor is made in
the form of a hollow cylinder with inner and outer radii a and b,
respectively. It carries a current I uniformly distributed over its
cross section. Derive expressions for the magnitude of the magnetic eld in the regions (a) r 6 a; (b) a 6 r 6 b; (c) r 7 b.
28.80 . A circular loop has Figure P28.80
radius R and carries current I2
I2
in a clockwise direction (Fig.
P28.80). The center of the
loop is a distance D above a
R
long, straight wire. What are
D
the magnitude and direction
of the current I1 in the wire if
I1
the magnetic eld at the center of the loop is zero?
28.81 . CALC A long, straight, solid cylinder, oriented with its
S
axis in the z-direction, carries a current whose current density is J .
The current density, although symmetric about the cylinder axis, is
not constant but varies according to the relationship
S

r 2
c 1 - a b d kN for r a
a
pa
0
for r a

2I0

where a is the radius of the cylinder, r is the radial distance from

the cylinder axis, and I0 is a constant having units of amperes.
(a) Show that I0 is the total current passing through the entire cross
section of the wire. (b) Using Amperes law,
derive an expression
S
for the magnitude of the magnetic eld B in the region r a.
(c) Obtain an expression for the current I contained in a circular
cross section of radius r a and centered at the cylinder axis.
(d) Using AmperesSlaw, derive an expression for the magnitude of
the magnetic eld B in the region r a. How do your results in
parts (b) and (d) compare for r = a?
28.82 . A long, straight, solid cylinder, oriented with its axis
in
S
the z-direction, carries a current whose current density is J . The
current density, although symmetric about the cylinder axis, is not
constant and varies according to the relationship
b
J a be1r - a2>dkN for r a
r

for r a

where the radius of the cylinder is a = 5.00 cm, r is the radial distance from the cylinder axis, b is a constant equal to 600 A>m, and
d is a constant equal to 2.50 cm. (a) Let I0 be the total current passing

955

through the entire cross section of the wire. Obtain an expression

for I0 in terms of b, d, and a. Evaluate your expression to obtain a
numerical value for I0 . (b) Using
Amperes law, derive an expresS
sion for the magnetic eld B in the region r a. Express your
answer in terms of I0 rather than b. (c) Obtain an expression for the
current I contained in a circular cross section of radius r a and
centered at the cylinder axis. Express your answer in terms of I0
rather than b. (d)
Using Amperes law, derive an expression for the
S
magnetic eld B in the region r a. (e) Evaluate the magnitude of
the magnetic eld at r = d, r = a, and r = 2a.
28.83 . An Innite Current
Sheet. Long, straight conduc- Figure P28.83
tors with square cross sections
and each carrying current I are
laid side by side to form an innite current sheet (Fig. P28.83).
x
The conductors lie in the
I
y z
xy-plane, are parallel to the
y-axis, and carry current in the
+y-direction There are n conductors per unit length measured
along the x-axis. (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic eld a distance a below the current sheet? (b) What are
the magnitude and direction of the magnetic eld a distance a
above the current sheet?
28.84 . Long, straight conductors Figure P28.84
with square cross section, each carP
rying current I, are laid side by side
to form an innite current sheet
with current directed out of the
d
R
plane of the page (Fig. P28.84). A
second innite current sheet is a
distance d below the rst and is
S
parallel to it. The second sheet carries current into the plane of the page. Each sheet has n conductors
per unit length. (Refer to Problem 28.83.) Calculate the magnitude
and direction of the net magnetic eld at (a) point P (above the
upper sheet); (b) point R (midway between the two sheets); (c) point
S (below the lower sheet).
28.85 . CP A piece of iron has magnetization M = 6.50 *
10 4 A>m. Find the average magnetic dipole moment per atom in
this piece of iron. Express your answer both in A # m2 and in Bohr
magnetons. The density of iron is given in Table 14.1, and the
atomic mass of iron (in grams per mole) is given in Appendix D.
The chemical symbol for iron is Fe.

CHALLENGE PROBLEMS
28.86 ... A wide, long, insulating

belt has a uniform positive

charge per unit area s on its upper surface. Rollers at each end
move the belt to the right at a constant speed v. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic eld produced by the moving
belt at a point just above its surface. (Hint: At points near the surface and far from its edges or ends, the moving belt can be considered to be an innite current sheet like that in Problem 28.83.)
28.87 ... CP Two long, straight conducting wires with linear
mass density l are suspended from cords so that they are each horizontal, parallel to each other, and a distance d apart. The back
ends of the wires are connected to each other by a slack, lowresistance connecting wire. A charged capacitor (capacitance C) is
now added to the system; the positive plate of the capacitor (initial
charge +Q 0) is connected to the front end of one of the wires, and
the negative plate of the capacitor (initial charge -Q 0) is connected to the front end of the other wire (Fig. P28.87). Both of