SHIP TYPES

Text: TYPES OF VESSELS

Exercises

Complete the following sentences with the correct term:

1.

The cruise business is a lucrative trade for passenger ships.

2.

A long ton is 2, 240 pounds.

3.

The deadweight tonnage of a ship refers to the weight of its cargo.

(a measure used to estimate how much weight a ship is carrying or can safely
carry, in other words a ships capacity; total weight, in tons, of cargo, stores and
fuel carried by a vessel at her maximum permitted draught).
Note: do not confuse with displacement (the weight of water that the ship
displaces when fully loaded) or with gross tonnage (an indication of the ships
overall internal volume).

4.

Ships that carry a variety of cargoes in all sizes and shapes are called
break bulk carriers (synonym: general cargo freighter)

5.

The box portion of a truck is hoisted and placed on a container ship.

6.

RORO ships will carry railroad cars or trucks or automobiles (in other
words, vehicles).

7.

Ships that lift barges on board from the water are called LASH ships
and SEABEE ships.

8.

Seabee ships load barges with their own elevators at the stern.

9.

LASH ships (Lighter Aboard Ship) load barges by use of their own
huge cranes.

10.

An oil tanker of 500,000 deadweight tons is called a ULCC.

11.

When a port is too shallow for the largest oil carriers the port must
construct an offshore terminal.

12.

An ore, bulk and oil carrier is called an OBO vessel.

Match each item in the left column with the most appropriate item from the
right column by putting a letter beside a number.
Cruise vessel
Self-sustaining
RORO
OBO
LASH
Handy-size tanker
ULCC
Short ton or regular ton
LNG
Long ton

Vacationing passengers
On board loading gear
Carries railroad cars or trucks
Ore carrier
Carries barges
Usually not over 35,000 deadweight
tons
Largest oil tankers
2,000 pounds
Ship that carries liquefied gas
2,240 pounds

Explain the port facilities required for each of the following:

ULCC (Ultra-large crude (oil) carrier)
Most of these vessels require such deep water in which to operate when fully
laden that the number of ports at which they can discharge their cargoes is
severely restricted. In the U.S.A. it has become necessary to construct offshore
terminals to handle tankers of this size. Until the offshore terminals become
operational it has been necessary to ship oil from other ports into coastal ports of
the U.S.A.
Container ship
These vessels are non-self-sustaining. They are unable to load or unload cargo
unless they go to a pier in a specially constructed container terminal with cranes
and other associated gear. Therefore in the case of new ports in developing
nations, it is necessary to rely on older concepts until such time as the required
terminals can be constructed and placed in operation.
LNG
This vessel carried liquefied natural gas. Port of loading/discharge must have
LNG terminals to convert gas to liquid state and pump it onboard and vice versa.
The port must be furnished with a network of pipes which transfer the gas to its
destination.
RORO
These can load and discharge very rapidly. Require only special loading ramps
to allow vehicles to roll on and roll off.

LASH
Does not require port facilities to load and unload. The LASH plucks barges
from the water by way of crane at the stern of the ship. The barges are stowed in
the ships cells for the voyage ahead.
Seabee
Does not require port facilities to load and unload. The Seabee lifts barges, two
at a time, from the water at the stern of the ship by way of a high capacity
elevator. When the barges arrive at the level of the hull they are rolled off the
elevator and into their assigned positions by means of conveyors.
OBO
Loading, often involving switching from wet to dry cargoes, is expensive and
time-consuming. If the vessel has carried oil, it is possible to switch to carrying
ore or other dirty bulk cargoes, but not grain or other clean bulk cargoes.
Loading of bulk cargo is normally carried out by conveyor belt/shiploaders or
grabs which drop the cargo vertically into the hold. The relatively small size of
the hatch openings means that the loading equipment's access to the outer parts
of the hold is hindered by the deck, which forms an "overhang" above this part
of the hold, normally resulting in a need for extra trimming. Discharging of bulk
cargo from a hold is normally carried out by discharging equipment temporarily
located above the hatch. Again the relatively small hatch opening hinders the
grab's access to the outer parts of the hold. As a considerable amount of cargo is
unreachable by the grab, a caterpillar is lowered into the hold to move the bulk
cargo from the outer parts of the hold into the area which is accessible to the
grab/discharging equipment, which is a time-consuming and costly operation.
Pipes are required to transfer oil but these cannot be located inside the hatch.