Bibliography & Annotations

Primary Sources
Stuart, Gilbert, and Rembrandt Peale. The Athenaeum Portrait. 1796. National Portrait Gallery , Boston.
Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/stuart/philadelphia.shtm>.
We used this picture in order to show the regality and calm demeanor of George Washington, as
well as his characteristics of a great leader. This portrait was published in 1796; Washingtons
last year in his second term of presidency. This was also the year Washington refused to run for
his third term which started a custom of only two terms in US presidency.

"George Washington: quote on war." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 30 Dec. 2014.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/266914?terms=george+washington>.
This quote exemplifies George Washingtons understanding of how war works and how
preparation remains crucial for success. He was not afraid to fight for a cause he believed in, and
a cause that he knew would ultimately lead to greater things.

"George Washington: Founding Father." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1179190?terms=george+washington>.
A quote by John Adams shows how Washington dedicated so much of his life to his country and
people.

"George Washington: quote on war." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 30 Dec. 2014
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/266914?terms=george+washington>.
This quote exemplifies George Washingtons understanding of how war works and how
preparation remains crucial for success.

Stuart, Gilbert. George Washington at Dorchester Heights. 1806. National Archives and Records
Administration, Washington DC. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://research.archives.gov/description/532859>.
This picture shows Washington at Dorchester Heights, where he led his men to victory in making
the British flee from Boston. This shows an idealized version of Washington, but it still alludes to
Washingtons leadership capabilities. The painting was published in 1806 which is after George
Washingtons terms as president and was well into his retirement. Even after all of this had
passed Washington was still a giant among men in how much respect he commanded.

Washington, George. "First Inaugural Address." New York. 30 Apr. 1789. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.mountvernon.org/educational-resources/primary-sources-2/article/washingtons-firstinaugural-address/>.
George Washingtons first inaugural address was held in New York, New York in front of an
audience of 10,000 people. Being the first president of the United States the structure of the
event was important in that it would set a precedent for all inaugural addresses held in the future.
Overall the event was a great success and Washingtons address is one that will be remembered
throughout the history of the United States.

Washington, George. "Farewell Speech." Philadelphia . 17 Sept. 1796. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.mountvernon.org/educational-resources/primary-sources-2/article/washingtons-farewelladdress/>.
Washingtons farewell address is one that goes down in US history as one of the most powerful
speeches in US history and as a shining example of the heart of US politics. This speeches
legacy could be heard even in the halls of congress as until 1970 the speech had to be read on
George Washingtons Birthday by the people in congress every year.The speech embodied the
policies that Washington hoped that the US would keep in their political system for years to come.
In resigning after his second term he also started a precedent in that presidents should only be in
term for two years and this custom was ratified into the constitution in 1951. The only president to
deviate from this practice was FDR.

Trumbull, John. George Washington. 1780. Oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
This is a portrait of George Washington published in 1780 by artist John Trumbull. It was the first
authoritative representation of George Washington and was massively reproduced around the
continent.

Stuart, Gilbert. Lansdowne Portrait. 1796. Oil on canvas. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
The Lansdowne Portrait is an iconic portrait published in 1796 by Gilbert Stuart. Stuart was a
famous painter who published many works portraying George Washington. This portrait served
as a representation of Washingtons might and gives an aura of power and respect.

Stuart, Gilbert. The Constable-Hamilton Portrait. 1794. Oil on canvas. Private collection.
The Constable-Hamilton Portrait is a famous painting also published by Gilbert Stuart in 1794.
While it does not emit the same amount of power as the Lansdowne Portrait, the ConstableHamilton Portrait shows the softer side of washington with lighter colors and having Washington
sit down instead of standing.

Stuart, Gilbert. George Washington the First Good President. 1797. Clark Art Institute, Williamstown.
Web. 3 Jan. 2015
This illustration is yet another one of Gilbert Stuarts magnificent works of art with George
Washington as his focal point. This portrait shows an aging George Washington still standing tall
and powerful.

Trumbull, John. General George Washington Resigning His Commission. 1783. Oil on Canvas. Architect
of the Cabinet, Washington, DC.
This portrait of George Washington along with the continental congress gives a first hand look at
the inner workings of how the continental congress functioned. In the picture, Washington is
handing his resignation letter to the President of the Continental Congress.

Peale, Charles W. 1771. Washington and Lee University, Lexington. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/>.
This painting explicates the strength and boldness of George Washington preparing for the
French and Indian war. It shows that even as young man, Washington was born a natural leader,
and rarely anything could phase him.
Peale, Rembrandt. George Washington. 1850. M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco. Web.
3 Jan. 2015.
Perhaps one of the most famous paintings ever of Washington, Rembrandt Peale well depicts the
confidence Washington had in himself, dressed in his military uniform, proud to say he was
Commander-in-Chief.
Trumbull, John. The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton. 1786-1828. Yale University Art Gallery, New
Haven. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
This painting captures the essence of the air around the Hessians upon realizing that they had
been sneakily captured and defeated by the Continental Army. It also emphasizes the
determination and drive of George Washington in the very center.
Trumbull, John. General George Washington at Trenton. 1792. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven.
Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
This picture illustrates the sheer confidence and determination that George Washington had in
himself, which is perfect for the situation where we talk about Washingtons legacy. It shows the
strength and power that Washington had in himself.

Secondary Sources
Leutze, Emanuel. Washington Crossing the Delaware. 1851. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
City. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/11417>.
This picture clearly demonstrates Washingtons ability to maintain a sense of calmness and
leadership required in order to lead the American soldiers to victory and success at Trenton. This
painting was published in 1851 by Emanuel Leutze. Popular works still portrayed Washington and

his success nearly 60 years after the revolutionary war had ended showing that his legacy was
infinite.

Stearns, Junius B. Life of George Washington--The soldier. 1854. Library of Congress, Washington DC.
Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/95511007/>.
This picture shows the leadership qualities Washington showed during the Battle of the
Monongahela in 1755. At the start of the battle the french brigade leader Captain Beaujeu died,
however, the Indians and the french were only spurred on to fight. Despite Captain Braddock
dying, Washington was able to lead the troops into a retreat that ultimately saved their entire
army from utter defeat at the hands of the French and Indians.

History.com Staff. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. 31 Dec. 2014.

<http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-washington>.
The website provides an immensely high value in providing us with the basic background of what
Washingtons leadership traits came from. It supplied information about all stages of his life from
his early years to his death. It went into great detail about his leadership qualities as well as his
rise to greatness. Starting from his early life it gives valuable information about his family
structure, his life as a farmer boy in the Virginia colony, and how his father died when he was just
11 years old. Later on it goes into detail; about his teenage years and his apitude for mathematics
which led him to become a surveyor of land later in life.In December 1752, Washington was
made a military leader despite his complte lack of military experience, but instead of faling under
the pressure he flourished. While he was not the strongest military strategist, his strength was in
his ability to keep the rag tag team of farmers and workers together. Although they often lacked
food, ammunition, and other supplies, Washington was able to keep them going.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewashington

Freidel, Frank, and Hugh Sidey. "George Washington." The White House. The White House, 2006. Web.
28 Dec. 2014. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewashington>.
This website, since it is a government website, guaranteed accurate information on the overall life
of George Washington. It, in combination with a biography, allowed for a creation of a timeline
that spanned all major life events of George Washington from birth to death very easy. This
website helped a lot in the organization of the timeline, as the information provided, although
written like an essay, ordered events chronologically, allowing the reader to have a clear
understanding of all the events that went on in order.

http://www.biography.com/people/george-washington-9524786#synopsis
"George Washington." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. 31 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.biography.com/people/george-washington-9524786>.
This website provided extensive detail and information on the life of George Washington. It
accurately shows the young life of George Washington with a level of depth that does not make it
impossible to understand, but provides sufficient information on the subject. The website
chronologically goes over the life of George Washington, starting from his birth and ending with
his death, organizing the different times of his life between major world events, such as the
Revolutionary War and the French and Indian War, and separated his life into major sections that
actually mattered to the readers.

Byron, Matthew A. Braddock's Defeat. Mount Vernon, n.d. Web. 31 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.mountvernon.org/research-collections/digital-encyclopedia/article/braddocks-defeat/>.
This article provided extensive information on how Washington gained his prestige through battle
and leadership.
http://www.mountvernon.org/research-collections/digital-encyclopedia/article/crossing-of-the-delaware/
This article revealed details about that fateful night on the Delaware, and how this propelled the
American forces to further victories. Acc

"George Washington: Presidential Accomplishments." General History of US Figures. NPS, n.d. Web. 3
Jan. 2015. <http://www.cr.nps.gov/logcabin/html/gw3.html>
This website featured useful information on the first term of Washingtons presidency, his early
life, his rise to power, as well as his life after presidency. For the most part, only the content
during and after his .presidency were useful, yet the website nevertheless helped a lot. It shows
how Washington clearly worked hard to become President and to be respected, but did not go
over the downsides of his presidency at all. Other than that, this website showed Washingtons
good qualities very clearly.

SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on George Washington. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web.
12 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/citing.html>.
This website was a summary of a biography on George Washington. Because we could not use a
physical biography of George Washington as detailed as a novel, Sparknotes provided a great
resource to allow us to grasp the gist of his goals and achievements. Sparknotes went especially
into detail about the first and second terms of presidency, as well as the negatives and downsides
of his presidency, especially in the second term, something that the NPS website failed to
provide.
"George Washington Gives First Presidential Inaugural Address." History. History Channel, 30 Apr. 2014.
Web. 2 Jan. 2015. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/george-washington-gives-first-presidentialinaugural-address>.
This website provided us with a well-written description on the first presidential inaugural address
by George Washington.This page also provided some viewpoints of people there, and described
up to even the details of how George Washington looked during it. It showed that although
George Washington was a born leader, he was very nervous taking on such a position.

"First Term - George Washington." President Profiles. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.presidentprofiles.com/Washington-Johnson/George-Washington-First-term.html>.

This website showed a general synopsis for the first term of George Washington. It clearly
explained his entire first term, from nervously delivering his first inaugural address to
contemplating his decisions on the French Revolution.

Hintermeister, Henry. Young Washington, Surveyor. 1960. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.

<https://georgewashingtoninn.wordpress.com/2009/07/10/cracking-the-dignity-code/george-washingtonsurveyor-2/>.
This photo allowed for us to see how most people viewed young George Washington. Although
not a primary source, it gave a good representation on George Washingtons build and
description.
Cox, Allyn. The First Continental Congress. 1974. Private Collection. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
The photo represented the Continental Congress itself, as well as the problems that revolved
around it. On the left, it showed taxation without representation. The middle depicted a scene of
the Continental Congress in meeting. On the right, it showed the military exploitation of the New
World from the British.
Savage, Edward, and Robert E. Pine. Congress Voting Independence. 1784. US Library of Congress,
Washington DC. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
This world-renowned painting depicts the meeting place of the Second Continental Congress. It
clearly shows the entire delegation of the Second Continental Congress, and every person is
clearly depicted.
Leutze, Emmanuel. Washington Crossing the Delaware. 1851. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
Perhaps the most famous picture of Washington in the entire world is this one. It depicts the cold
stormy night of Christmas 1776, yet it also shows the bold leadership and sheer determination of
Washington and his men.
Surrender of the Hessian Troops to General Washington, after The Battle of Trenton. 1932. National
Archives and Records Administration, College Park. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.

This painting helped us capture the essence of the air during the surrender of the Hessians at the
Battle of Trenton. The depiction of the scene was very bold, especially effective was the use of
black and white coloring.