Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Nejat Rahmanian
Part II
Concept of Stack Tank Oil In Place, Recovery Factor
Part III
Hydrostatic pressure, Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Part I
Scope of Reservoir engineering
Basic
concerns
of
Reservoir
Engineering
Define SPE definition of reserves and
reserves categories
Describe general terms for reserves
estimation.
Reservoir Engineering
Aims:
Reservoir Engineering
Aims (Contd):
Reservoir Engineering
The phase of engineering which deals with the transfer of fluids
to, from or through the reservoirs
Petropyhsics
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
Production
Process
Engineering
Economics
General Engineering/
Platform topside
Design
Geophysics
Exploration Well
Discovery Well
Development
Reservoir Engineering
Well Location
Well Assessment
Reservoir Assessment
Development Plan
Production
Transport
9
10
familiar
with
fluid
mechanics
&
11
Reserve
Estimation
Development
Planning
Production
and
Optimization
12
PART II
PART II
Calculate STOIIP
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15
16
Stock
Tank
reservoir
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18
19
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Example
(a) Calculate the original-oil-in-place for a reservoir with
4000 acres and thickness of 115 ft. The following
conditions are reported for this reservoir, pressure of
3000 psia, the formation volume factor is 1.43 bbl/STB,
water saturation (Sw) is 30% and porosity is 21%.
(b) Determine reserve in place if Recovery Factor is 28%
(a) N=Ah(1-Sw)/Bo=(4000*7758)(115)(0.21)(1-0.3)/1.43
N=3.7 108 STB
(stock tank barrels refers to the volume of oil after production, at surface pressure and
temperature (as opposed to reservoir conditions).
F1
Suggest
OWC
Oil
Water
F2
Oil
Water
F3
Confirm
OWC
Oil
Water
25
F4
Probable
Possible
Probable
Possible
Confirm
Oil
Water
Confirm
OWC
What is next ?
Appraisal wells are now drilled to give better definition of
the reserves of the field.
Various reserve estimates, that is, proven, probable and
possible can be further determined.
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PART III
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define lithostatic pressure, hydrostatic
Lithostatic pressures
Pressure / stress imposed on a layer of rock
Caused by the pressure of rock which is transmitted
through the sub-surface by grain-to-grain contacts
Sometimes called geostatic or overburden pressure
Unit is psi.
Pressure gradient varies according to depth, the density of
the overburden, and the extent to which the rocks are
supported by water pressure
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Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force
of gravity
Imposed by a column of fluid at rest
Depends on the density of the water (w) which is affected
by salinity
Column of fresh water ~ 0.433 psi/ft
With 55,000 ppm of dissolved salts ~ 0.45 psi/ft
Pressure gauge
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Hydrodynamic pressure
Fluid potential pressure gradient which is caused by fluid
flow
In a normal situation the water pressure at any depth is
http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/308/p
rel34.html
34
Example
If the average pressure gradient in a reservoir section is
0.47 psi/ft,
a) Calculate the pore pressure in a normally pressurized
formation at 7400 ft.
b) Express the pressure gradient in kPa/m?
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Solution
1 foot = 0.3048m
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DRIVE MECHANISMS
Drive Mechanisms
Definition
A reservoir drive mechanism is a source of energy for driving
the fluids out to the wellbore.
Depletion drive
Solution gas drive
Gas Cap drive
Liquid expansion
Water drive
Compaction drive
Gravity drainage drive
Combined drive
Impermeable
rocks
Impermeable
rocks
Sealed barriers
Compaction Drive
Combined Drive
Most reservoirs have a combination of drives during production
period.
Reservoir Performance
Q&A?