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The independent variable will be the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, the concentration of which
will vary between amounts 20 ml to 50 ml in 50 ml solution. The rate will be measured by measuring the
time for the reaction to complete. The rate of time for completion of reaction will be compared
between concentrations, to draw a conclusion about the rate of reaction.
Hypothesis
Increasing the concentration of the HCl means that there will be more particles per dm3 of this
substance.
The more particles that there are in the same volume, the closer to each other the particles will be. This
means that the particles collide more frequently with each other and the rate of the reaction increases.
So, when the concentration of HCL is increasing, the rate of reaction will increase, the less time taken for
the reaction to occur.
Variables
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables
The concentration of HCl is constant at 2 molar
however I will vary its amount in 50 ml solution.
Controlled Variables
Temperature of Hydrochloric
Acid
20 ml in 50 ml solution
25 ml in 50 ml solution
30 ml in 50 ml solution
35 ml in 50 ml solution
40 ml in 50 ml solution
45 ml in 50 ml solution
50 ml in 50 ml solution
METHOD
Preparation
Using a rule and scissors, 25 2cm strips of magnesium ribbon were cut.
The pieces of magnesium ribbon were then kept in a folder paper to avoid oxidation.
The required 50ml solutions of HCl were prepared.
Experiment
Pour 50 ml of solution (20 ml of 2 molar HCl + 30 ml water) into a conical flask
A 2cm magnesium ribbon was placed into the conical flask of HCl solution.
As soon as the magnesium ribbon was placed into the conical flask, the timer was immediately
started.
The time was recorded on the stopwatch when the fizzing had stopped and the magnesium
ribbon had disappeared.
Steps above were repeated using 25 ml, 30 ml, 35 ml, 40 ml, 45 ml and 50 ml hydrochloric acid.
RESULTS
Data Table 1
HCl volume in 50
ml solution/ml
1 ml
Concentration
(mol.dm-3)
T1 (s) 2s
T2 (s) 2s
T3 (s) 2s
Tavg (s) 2s
20.0
.80
140
143
138
140
25.0
1.0
107
108
110
108
30.0
1.2
73.0
80.0
75.0
76.0
35.0
1.4
53.0
54.0
56.0
54.0
40.0
1.6
46.0
46.0
41.0
44.0
45.0
50.0
1.8
2.0
32.0
24.0
36.0
25.0
30.0
22.0
33.0
24.0
Graph 1
140
120
100
80
Time vs Molarity
Expon. (Time vs Molarity)
60
40
20
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Molarity (mol.dm-3 )
ANALYSIS OF GRAPH 1
Graph 1 is a curve graph where the gradient of the curve is steep at the beginning and progressively
becomes horizontal when the concentration is increasing.
Based on the Graph 1 that I plotted, when the concentration of HCl is lowered, the time taken for the
fizzing of bubbles to stop is longer. This means that the rate of reaction is lower. Graph 1 show that the
concentration of HCl is inversely proportional to average time taken for the reaction to complete( fizzing
to stop and the magnesium strip to disappear)
So, to get the straight line graph, I need to plot the graph of 1/time taken for the reaction to complete
versus concentration of HCl.
Data Table 2
HCl volume in 50 ml
solution (ml) 1 ml
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Concentration
(mol.dm-3)
.80
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Tavg (s)
1/Tavg (1/s)
140
108
76.0
54.0
44.0
33.0
24.0
.007
.009
.013
.019
.023
.030
.042
Graph 2
1/Tavg(1/s) vs Molarity
0.045
y = 0.028x - 0.0188
R = 0.9448
0.04
0.035
1/Tavg vs
Concentration
1/Tavg (1/s)
0.03
0.025
0.02
Linear (1/Tavg
vs
Concentration )
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Molarity (mol.dm-3)
Analysis of Graph 2
The graph plotted above shows a linear relationship however the best fit line doesn't pass through the
origin, hence I suspect that there was a mistake in my experiment. Graph shows a linear relationship
between Concentration of HCl and Rate of reaction (1/time) showing that they are proportional. This
also confirms that the order of reaction in respect to Concentration Of HCl is 1.
CONCLUSION
The aim for this investigation is to investigate what is the effect of the concentration of Hydrochloric
Acid on the rate of reaction with Magnesium Strip. In my hypothesis statement, I stated when the
concentration of hydrochloric acid increases, the rate of reaction will increase, the less time taken for
the reaction to complete. For the above statement, my hypothesis is proven true because the graph of
rate of reaction versus concentration of Hydrochloric Acid is directly proportional as the relationship
was linear because the graph shows a straight line. Further calculations indicate that the order of
reaction with respect to Hydrochloric Acid is one. This statement holds true because the concentration
of Hydrochloric Acid is proportional to the rate of reaction.