Introduction

Total Phosphorus
Total Phosphorus (TP) is the form of analysis typically cited as an effluent parameter for
municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Total Phosphorous in effluent is a measure
of the remaining dissolved phosphate plus any insoluble phosphorous carried over into the
effluent in the form of precipitates or within microbes. Digestion using chemicals, heat or
enzymes may be required to separate phosphorous from the precipitate or microbe. Following
digestion, all phosphorous is converted into dissolved (ortho) phosphate for analysis. Total
Phosphorous is not, however, the form of analysis that is the most useful for process monitoring
or control purposes because the Total Phosphorous analysis does not identify the original form of
phosphorous in the effluent. Total Phosphorous is typically analyzed strictly for compliance
monitoring purposes in wastewater.

Total Nitrogen
The Total Nitrogen in water is comprised of dissolved inorganic (nitrites, nitrates and
ammonia) and organic nitrogen. High organic nitrogen levels are due to decomposition of
aquatic life and sewage runoff while inorganic levels are enhanced by erosion and residential
runoff (fertilizers). TN is sometimes regulated as an effluent parameter for municipal and
industrial wastewater treatment plants, but it is more common for limits to be placed on an
individual nitrogen form, such as ammonia.
Treatment plants that have a TN limit will usually need to nitrify and denitrify in order to
achieve the TN limit. The NPI NEPM states that total nitrogen refers only to those amounts of
nitrogenthat give rise to nitrate/nitrite ions. Since this may be possible for a range of nitrogen
compounds in a range of environmental conditions, the following
pragmatic definition can be applied:
Total Nitrogen is the sum of nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), organic nitrogen and
ammonia (all expressed as N). Note that for laboratory analysis purposes, Total
Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) is a test performed that is made up of both organic
nitrogen and ammonia.
Objectives

Procedure
Total Nitrogen (TN)
1) Firstly, total nitrogen persulfate reagent was added into the test tube slowly.
2) Then 2ml of water sample added into the tube.
3) The sample was heated for 105c for 30 minutes in the COD reactor.
4) The sample after been heated was cool down for a few minutes by put it in the dionized water.
5) After it cooled down, TN reagent A was added and let it react for 3minutes.
6) TN reagent B was added after that and let it react for 2 minutes.
7) Then 2ml of the reacted sample was added into the TN reagent C.
8) Lastly, the tube was tested using spectrophotometer and the reading was taken.

Total Phosphorus (TP)

1) The same procedure as number 1) from TN
2) 5ml of water sample were added into the test tube and heated for 30 minutes at 150.
3) The tube was cool down after it been heated by put it into a beaker contain dionized water for
a few minutes.
4) 2ml of NaOH was added into the vial after it been cool down.
5) Next, 0.5ml of sodium molobydate added into the vial.
6) The vial with all the reagent were kept at room temperature for 7 minutes.
7) Lastly, the vial was put into the spectrophotometer and the reading was taken.
Discussion
This mini project there are several parameters have been done to test the sample water that been t
aken from Mahallah Faroq ponds. The sample was taken at 9.30am and the date is 22th October
2013. The parameters that have been done are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD), Turbidity, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), pH, Total Suspe
nded solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TSS), Volume Suspended Solid (VSS), concentration of
Zinc (Zn) and Concentration of Copper (Cu).
The Total Nitrogen amount in the sample is 11.8 mg/L. This was test using TestN Tube method
of HACH. From the result that been measured this show that the water sample contain high amo
unt of nitrogen. If amount of nitrogen is too high it may cause eutrophication by stimulating rapi
d growth of algae and other aquatic plant. According to the DOE water quality index, this sample
is definitely in class V. This will required the extensive treatment if to make use for domestic use
or daily used.

The other parameter is Total Phosphorus (TP). The amount of phosphorus in the water sample is
0.357 mg/L. This shows that the amount of the phosphorus is quite high in the water sample. The
higher the amount of phosphorus, the higher the water sample being polluted. This also required
the extensive treatment if want to use it for any purposes.