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Before we start,
please open a blank PHPP
file
Content
Day 1
1. Introduction to Passive House and Recent Developments in Ireland
2. Definition of Passive House and PHPP overview
3. Basic construction physics
4. Verification Sheet, Climate data, Areas worksheet
5. Lunch
6.
7.
8.
9.
Calculation of U-values
Windows and Shading
Checking Energy Balance
Fun Quizz
Day 2
1. Ventilation
2. Annual Heat Demand and Heat Load
3. Domestic Hot Water and Solar Hot Water
4. Lunch
5. Electricity, Boiler and Primary Energy
6. Super Quizz spot the mistakes
3
The Irish Delegation largest non-German speaking group in the last two years
Residential Retrofit
Non-Domestic
2009
2009
Passivhaus
Passive House
Passive House
Passive House
House
School
Passive House
Passive House
Apartments
Factory
Passive House
Passive House
Offices
Church
how
exhaust air
thermal
insulation
avoid
thermal
bridge
effects
air tight
construction
extract
air
ventilation with
heat recovery
filter
supply air
passive solar
gain through
windows
PHPP
DEAP
Lets start
with some building physics
U-Value: [ W/mK]
Definition:Heat quantity in J (Joule), which goes in 1 second, by
1C different temperature, through 1m
wall, from one side to the other.
Interior (i)
+2 0
C
Exterior (e)
-1 0 C
Medium
Resistance
High
resistance
Direction
upwards
horizontal
downwards
U-Value =
(Rsi + d / + Rse)
U-Value =
U-Value =
0.2414
U-Value =
4.142 W/m2K
Introducing the
Case Study Project
(you can also work with your own project if you like)
Climate Data
U-List
Areas
Summer
U-Values
SummVent
Ground
WinTyp
W indows
Shading-S
Shading
Ventilation
Press.Test
Heat
Requirement
Heat Load
yes
Target reached?
no
Inputs to PHPP
Currently just two data sets for Ireland Dublin and Birr
More datasets on the way...
Heating load data for 2 weather conditions why?
Gt = heating degree days (higher for Birr (colder) than Dublin)
A window
U = U-value, A = area, L = length
= linear thermal bridge [W/mK]
Extremely
poor
Einbau
Extrem
ungnstiger
(normal) installation
W/(mK)
E=
w,
U
inbau
eff0,15
=
W/(mK)
1,19
W/(mK)
installation
W/
(mK)
Einbau
Empfohlener
Recommended
installation
E=
w,
U
inbau
effinstallation
0,005
= 0,78
W/(mK)
W/(mK)
W/(mK)
W/
(mK)
Example of window on
wood support
Frame to be completely
covered by insulation
Fixed externally to blocks with
brackets
Tape for air-tightness
Timber support below for
weight
Source: [PHD]
25/05/10
57
Source: [PHI]
Solar gains:
reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation
QS = r * g * A * G
0.50 * 0.510 * 20.00 m * 385 kWh/(ma)
= 1,963? kWh/a
E-A.2 13 10/09
59
25/05/10
60
Installation
(left, right, sill, head)
Day 1
1.
Introduction to Passive House and Recent Developments in Ireland
2.
Definition of Passive House and PHPP overview
3.
Basic construction physics
4.
Verification Sheet, Climate data, Areas worksheet
5.
Lunch
6.
7.
8.
Calculation of U-values
Windows
Fun Quiz
Day 2
1.
Shading
2.
Ventilation
3.
Checking Energy Balance
4.
Annual Heat Demand and Heat Load
5.
Domestic Hot Water and Solar Hot Water
6.
Lunch
7.
Electricity, Boiler and Primary Energy
8.
Super Quizz spot the mistakes
Height of the
Shading Object
hHORI
Horizontal
Distance
Height of the
Shading Object
Horizontal
Distance
Dreveal
Distance from
Glazing Edge
to Reveal
Oreveal
Window Reveal
Depth
Shading by an overhang
If there is no overhang such as a
roof or balcony, then the
overhang is the top reveal
Overhang
Depth
Distance from
Upper Glazing
Edge to Overhang
Fun Quiz!
Have We Learned
Anything Today?
20 points
Which surface heat
transfer resistance is
bigger, the interior or
the exterior one?
40 points
What is the G-value of
a typical triple glazed
window?
55 points
Name three things that
are not included in
measurement of a
treated floor area
JOKER
50 points
100 points
What is the meaning
of the thermal
conductivity ?
90 points
10 points
Whats the max.
Space heat demand
for passive houses?
20 seconds
120 points
Explain the term:
radiation
temperature
asymmetry
120 points
Whats the meaning
of the - value? How
is it called?
JOKER
150 pionts
90 points
What factors are
included in the
estimation of solar
gains?
JOKER
100 points
100 points
40 points
What would be a
reasonable value
for polystyrene
insulation?
80 points
JOKER
75 points
150 points
Name two thermal
bridges measured in
calculation of the UValues of windows?
150 points
What is the global
radiation to the
south in Oslo?
100 points
Sketch the
installation
annotation for four
adjacent windows
50 points
If there is no
balcony or roof
overhang, what do
you enter in the
Overhang depth?
Name two
construction principles
for passive house
windows.
JOKER
150 points
50 points
75 points
25 points
Day 1
1.
Introduction to Passive House and Recent Developments in Ireland
2.
Definition of Passive House and PHPP overview
3.
Basic construction physics
4.
Verification Sheet, Climate data, Areas worksheet
5.
Lunch
6.
7.
8.
9.
Calculation of U-values
Windows and Shading
Checking Energy Balance
Fun Quiz
Day 2
1.
Ventilation
2.
Annual Heat Demand and Heat Load
3.
Domestic Hot Water and Solar Hot Water
4.
Lunch
5.
Electricity, Boiler and Primary Energy
6.
Super Quizz spot the mistakes
12
18
23
max.
allowed diff.
CO2
asleep
typical
working
required person-related
fresh air flow [m/h]
classified
according
to
EN 13770
IDA 1
400
30
45
58
IDA 2
600
20
30
38
1000
12
18
23
1200
10
15
19
Source: [PHI/Feist]
IDA 4
Author: WF / PHI
mechanical
heat recovery
ventilation
83% efficient delivering 0.4 ach and
consuming 70W/h
consumes
600 kWh/year
but recovers
3,000 kWh/year
Carbon dioxide
levels in
conventional
house
CO2
concentrati
on
Carbon
dioxide levels
in Out of the
Blue Air-tight
House
Peaks in graph represent night time
Clean filter
Filter after 6 months
30
60.0%
25
50.0%
20
Degree Celsius
40.0%
15
30.0%
10
20.0%
5
10.0%
-5
07-Dec-07
08-Dec-07
09-Dec-07
10-Dec-07
11-Dec-07
12-Dec-07
13-Dec-07
0.0%
14-Dec-07
i=20
15
10
Heating border 15
5
0
D J
M A
Helsinki
108 kKh/a
Copenhagen 83 kKh/a
Dublin
60 kKh/a
Lisbon
18 kKh/a
83 kKh/a
QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI)
: utilization factor for heat gains, eg. 84%
(You cannot use all the free heat gains)
Transmission
heat losses:
Area of thermal envelope * U-value * Temperature-correction factor *
Heating degree hours
QT = A * U * ft * Gt
200 m * 0.150 W/(mK) * 1.0 * 60.0 kKh/a
= 1,800?kWh/a
Calculate transmission losses for current Building Regulations for walls?
Calculate transmission losses for Helsinki?
E-A.2 07 10/09
Source: [PHI]
Also include
thermal bridges
Ventilation
heat
losses:
= TFA * 2.5m
Ventilated volume * Equiv. air change * Heat cap. of air * Heating degree hours
QV = V * nequiv. * cp * Gt
428 m * 0.123 h-1 * 0.33 Wh/(mK) * 60.0 kKh/a
= 1,042
? kWh/a
Calculate ventilation for house of 100m2 TFA in Lisbon
E-A.2 11 10/09
Source: [PHI]
Solar gains:
reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation
QS = r * g * A * G
0.32 * 0.51 * 11.83m * 192 kWh/(ma)
= 370.68?kWh/a
Calculate solar gains for south facing single glazed windows?
Calculate solar gains south facing for triple glazed windows?
E-A.2 13 10/09
Source: [PHI]
Solar gains:
QS = r * g * AF * G
QI = tHeat * qi * ATFA
0.024 kh/d * 205 d/a * 2.1 W/m * 171.2 m
= 1,768.8
? kWh/a
Source: [PHI]
QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI)
: utilization factor for heat gains, eg. 84%
(You cannot use all the free heat gains)
Heating load
Passive House Criteria 4:
Power used to heat the building is 10 W/m
(normally 100 W/m2!)
Two critical days:
(1) a very cold but sunny day
(2) a moderately cold day but without much sun
Why?
Heating Load - PH
1. Calculate heat losses in worst possible weather
Transmission Losses
PH = PT + PV - (PS + PI)
For worst possible weather condition!
Existing buildings
Passive houses
Heating load
cold but moderate but
sunny day cloudy day
cold but
sunny day
moderate but
cloudy day
Insert length of space heat distribution pipes (warm and cold region)
Specify insulation of space heat distribution pipes
Insert design flow temperature (55OC for rads, 35OCfor underfloor)
Insert design system heat load (from heating load sheet)
2.
www.passivehouseacademy.ie
Tomas O Leary, Managing Director:
Telephone 0404 25777, E-mail tomas@passivehouseacademy.ie