Introduction to

Sustainability &
Climate-Responsive
Architecture

Arch 140: Energy & Environment -- Lecture #1, Tuesday, January 21, 2014

Course Logistics

Introducing . our amazing GSIs !!

Andy

Gwen

Ben

Kit

Caroline

Priya

Sara

Arch 140 bSpace (bspace.berkeley.edu)

Home:
first place you go for all the
details about the class, and
most recent announcemments

Arch 140 bSpace (bspace.berkeley.edu)

Syllabus:
- Most important for ongoing use
- Includes active links to readings,
assignments, lab handouts,
pdfs of lecture slides
- Continue to revisit in case things
change during semester

Arch 140 bSpace (bspace.berkeley.edu)

Syllabus page - will be reviewed in more detail in Section

Sections
SECTION ENROLLMENTS
EVERYONE fills out a Section Preference Card and
turns it in today (final assignments made by us)
We will send emails later tonight with your section
assignment

SECTION FORMAT
Interactive - discussion, lecture review, field trips, labs,
exercises

THIS WEEK
Sections do start this week!
Even if your schedule is uncertain go to any section you
can attend this week.

Section Preference Card EVERYONE fills out

Not enrolled ?? Fill this out too

Required purchases

Sun Angle Calculator (SAC), $22.75

Software used in Arch 140 (all free)

Climate Consultant
(Mac or Windows)

COMFEN (wall assembly & fenestration)

(Windows)

Ecotect (shading analysis) SHADE (energy balance & shading

(Windows)
requirements (Windows)

Questions ?

What is Sustainability?
Sus tain a bil I ty n.
The ability to meet
the needs of the present
without compromising
the ability of
future generations
to meet their own needs

Brundtland report
Our Common Future , 1987
WCED

Triple bottom line (3 Ps or 3 Es)

Planet or

Environment

People

or Equity

Prosperity

or Economy

Environmental impact of buildings

72% of total U.S. electricity consumption

38.9% of total U.S. primary energy use
39% of total U.S. CO2 emissions
40% of landfill material in the U.S. (254 million tons
annually)
13% of potable water in the U.S.

Source: www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/gbstats.pdf

What is a Green Building

Design and construction practices that significantly reduce
or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the
environment and occupants in five broad areas:

Site
Planning

Water
Quality &
Efficiency

Energy
Efficiency &
Renewables

Material
Conservation
& Toxicity

Indoor
Environmental
Quality

Benefits of Green Building

Global
Climate change mitigation

Environmental
Reduce the impacts of natural
resource consumption

Economic
Improve the bottom line

Health and safety

Enhance occupant comfort
and health

Community
Minimize strain on local
infrastructures and improve
quality of life

Green issues have become mainstream .

..but beware of green washing!

www.sinsofgreenwashing.org
www.sinsofgreenwashing.org

Arch 140: Energy

The ongoing energy use is probably the single greatest

environmental impact of a building, and so designing buildings
for low energy use should be our number one priority.
Nadav Malin
Environmental Building News

Arch 140: and Environment

World population and energy

20-fold increase in total energy
use since industrial revolution,
due to growth in:

Total energy
consumption (TB)

1) per capita energy

2) population (greater effect)
Population
(billions)

Per capita energy

(kW)

PR Ehrlich et al. Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature 486, 68-73 (2012).

Energy and CO2 emissions

CO2 emissions and temperature rise

100-year average
temperature, 1901-2000

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center

Climate Change & Environmental Impacts

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Per Capita Energy Use by country

Source: International Energy Agency, World Bank

Per capita greenhouse gas emission

Source: Wikipedia - GHG per capita 2005.png

World Map Scaled by Land Area

worldmapper.org

World Map Scaled by Population

worldmapper.org

World Map Scaled by CO2 Emissions

worldmapper.org

Where should we focus our efforts?

Potential for reduction Buildings !

Source: IPCC Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers

U.S. Survey:
What is the top cause of GHG emissions today?

U.S. Survey:
What is the top cause of GHG emissions today?

exhaust from cars and trucks

emissions from aerosol cans
emissions from commercial buildings
emissions from power plants, or
natural causes?

January 21-24, 2007 - N=1,000 Registered Voters - 3.1% M.O.E.

The survey was developed for the American Institute of Architects by The Tarrance Group and Lake Research Partners

It s the buildings !!
U.S. CO2 Emissions by Sector

Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics

US DOE Quadrennial Technology Review, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf

40% of avoided emissions would

result in negative cost (savings)!

Costs of Reducing Global Warming

Improved lighting and

building envelopes!

Pyongyang, night photo by Epa /Damir Sagolj

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

Thermal comfort

Lighting / visual comfort

Indoor air quality

Acoustics

Why is IEQ important?

30-year costs of a commercial building
Personnel
92%

6%
2%
Operations &
Maintenance
Capital costs

Why is IEQ important?

Typical office building costs in $/sf per year

Building occupant satisfaction

CBE survey on 351 bldg. and 52,980 occupants

Frontczak M, Schiavon S, Goins J, Arens E, Zhang H, and Wargocki P. 2011. Quantitative relationships between occupant
satisfaction and aspects of indoor environmental quality and building design. Indoor Air Journal

Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)

Source: (left) International Living Future Institute, 110901_net_zero_energy_postcard-gp.pdf

(right) Net Zero Energy Building Design, Chap 1, Tom Hootman,

NZEB Setting priorities

Climateresponse
architecture
Arch 140
(& more)

Source: Two Degrees, Chap 6, McGregor, Roberts & Cousins

Climate-responsive architecture

Traditional climate-responsive architecture cold

Traditional climate-responsive architecture

hot humid

Traditional climate-responsive architecture

hot dry

Evolution of building form

Climate- vs. load-dominated buildings
Dominant Loads

Climate
dominated

Internal-load
dominated

Old vs. New

articulated facades & extended perimeters
- vs. the all-glass building

Federal Triangle, Washington D.C.

Aria Resort and Casino, Las Vegas

Is this good for a hot and humid climate?

Left: Bank of China Tower, I.M. Pei and Partners, Hong Kong.
Right: International Commerce Center, Kohn Pedersen Fox Architects, Hong Kong

Mt. Ranier Visitor Center

Left: Mt. Rainer lodge. Right: Mt Rainier Visitor Center.

Contemporary examples of green buildings

David Brower Center, Berkeley

Solomon E.T.C - WRT

Image source: www.pmengineer.com

Helios Energy Research Facility, Berkeley

SmithGroup

Ed Roberts Campus, Berkeley

Leddy Maytum Stacy

Carnegie Center for Global Ecology, Stanford

EHDD Architects

CA Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

Renzo Piano

Climate-response design tools

How do we know what
kinds of strategies will
work best for our
climate?

Building Bioclimatic Chart (envelope-dominated bldgs)

Temperature (F)

Thermal mass

Relative Humidity (RH)

SWL, Strategy #18

Building Bioclimatic Chart (envelope-dominated bldgs)

Temperature (F)

Evaporative cooling & natural ventilation

Relative Humidity (RH)

SWL, Strategy #18

Building Bioclimatic Chart another format

(Psychrometric chart)

Source: Heating, Cooling and Lighting by N. Lechner. Copyrights: Psychrometric Bioclimatic Chart by B. Givoni and M.
Milne

Climate Consultant software

What is Arch 140 : Energy & Environment ?

REMINDER !!

Everyone must turn in

Section Preference Card
before you leave class
(even if youre enrolled in a
section in Telebears)