SENSINGBOT

Members
Sadiwa, Jairo Emmanuel

Reyes, Franchesca

Reyes, Shiela Marie

Leuterio, Maria Elena

Nitor, Vanessa Eimee

Mercado, Samantha

Castillo, Acelle Pearl

Orolfo, Valerie

Kudo, Yuto

Guerrero, Gabreil

Hizon, Patricia Faye

Jubilo, John Brayle

Esguerra, Patricia

Juan, Ryan Alfred

Talabon, Erick Stephen

Arreola, Giancarlo

Cena, Christopher Ian

Jerez, Ian Jozel

Madriaga, Aya May

Argosino, Princess Faith

Rabino, Louise Coleen

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Mathematics IV

St. Theresas School of Novaliches
S.Y. 2014-2015

Table of Contents

Abstract .i
Introduction...1-4
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Significance of the Problem

Review of Related Literature ..5-7

Methodology .8-14
Conclusion ...15
Recommendations ..16
Bibliography .17

Abstract
In this world of science and technology robotics is one of the boom to the world.
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the emerging field of robotics. Todays
robots are mechanical arms controlled by computers that are programmed to perform a
range of handling activities. They are establishing themselves in manufacturing
automation systems to produce a range of goods with great precision. The emerging
era of robots calls for different types of skills. Entering non-industrial areas, the first
fledgling robots for domestic use are coming off the production lines. Robots are being
used in hazardous places, such as outer space or under the sea. Technical advances
are gradually endowing robots with properties that actually increase their similarity to
humans
In this paper, the inventors are going to present an idea of robotics and its
applications in various fields that we come across. With their computational and agile
skills robots perform tasks that are difficult or hazardous to humans. One area where
robots are beginning to excel in, and which causes less controversial debate on their
usefulness, is as explorers.

Introduction
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction,
operation and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory
feedback, and information processing. The word robotics was derived from the word
robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel apek in his play
R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921. The word robot comes
from the Slavic word robota, which is used to refer forced labor. These technologies
deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans, in hazardous or
manufacturing processes, or simply just resemble humans. Many of today's robots are
inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. At present mostly
(lead-acid) batteries are used as a power source. Many different types of batteries can
be used as a power source for robots. They range from lead acid batteries which are
safe and have relatively long shelf lives but are rather heavy to silver cadmium batteries
that are much smaller in volume and are currently much more expensive. Actuators are
like the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement.
spring can be designed as part of the motor actuator, to allow improved force control. It
has been used in various robots, particularly walking humanoidrobots

Pneumatic

artificial muscles, also known as air muscles, are special tubes that contract (typically
up to 40%) when air is forced inside them .

Sensors allow robots to receive information about a certain measurement of the

environment, or internal components. This is essential for robots to perform their tasks,
and act upon any changes in the environment to calculate the appropriate response
robotics is a rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and build new
robots that serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or
militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs,
exploring shipwrecks, and mines.

Statement of the Problem

The creation of sensingbot is to determine how the senses of human work and
function well. Moreover, it answers these questions:
1.

Can the robot avoid every obstacle heading its way?

2.

Can the robot reach to its maximum speed without having any short circuits?

3.

What other things can the robot do instead of walking and running?

4.

What is the best usage for the robot?

Hypothesis
1.

Yes, the main purpose of the robot is to avoid obstacles heading its way. The

robot has built on sensor that could detect obstacle coming its way.
2.

Yes, the robot was built with the exact components and had big wheels allowing

the robot to exceed in its speed.

3.

The robot was built with special components that when the researcher test it the

sensor will detect it and the buzzer of the robot will turn on.
4.

As tested the robot has limited usage only but base on its results and

performance it can be best use for security forces or doing an investigation. The robots
components like the sensor can be a big help in detecting problems.

Significance of the Study

An IR sensor helps a robot map obstacles, then choose the freest patterns. So it is
usually used for Line-Tracer: A robot that follows a black line drawn on white paper.
The IR sensor consists of a radiation diode and a photo detector. The radiation diode
emits light only when the direction of electric current is orthodromic. The photo detector
can control the volume of the currents depending on how much is intercepts light. Due
to this change of the volume, the photo detector can perceive whether the light comes in
or not.
The IR sensor functions as the eyes of the Line-Tracer which projects and perceives
infrared rays, white reflect them. The Line-Tracer can distinguish black and white by
projecting infrared rays form the radiation diode. The IR sensor can be applicable in
various ways but the Capability of the IR sensor is limited by distance.
You can find the applications of the IR sensor even in our everyday life. Let's look
around and find home appliances. There are diverse appliances that uses IR sensor
such as remote control, an automatic door, an automatic switch, an infrared
temperature detector and so on.

Review of Related Literature

Sensors allow robots to receive information about a certain measurement of the

environment, or internal components. This is essential for robots to perform their tasks,
and act upon any changes in the environment to calculate the appropriate response.
They are used for various forms of measurements, to give the robots warnings about
safety or malfunctions, and to provide real time information of the task it is performing.
A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in quantities and provides a
corresponding output, generally as an electrical or optical signal; for example, a
thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage. But a mercury-in-glass
thermometer is also a sensor; it converts the measured temperature into expansion and
contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.
Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons
(tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides
innumerable applications of which most people are never aware. With advances in
micromachinery and easy-to-use microcontroller platforms, the uses of sensors have
expanded beyond the more traditional fields of temperature, pressure or flow
measurement,for example into MARG sensors. Moreover, analog sensors such as
potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are still widely used. Applications include
manufacturing and machinery, airplanes and aerospace, cars, medicine and robotics.

DC motors are inexpensive, small, and powerful motors that are widely used. Geartrain reductions are typically needed to reduce the speed and increase the torque output
of the motor. It is widely used in robotics because of their small size and high energy
output. They are excellent for powering the drive wheels of a mobile robot as well as
powering other mechanical assemblies.

DC motor's direction of movement is

determined by the polarity of the power input. This is an absolute necessity for robotic
functions. Fortunately this type of motor comes in a wide variety of sizes, voltage
requirements, and is available everywhere.
Main CPU is responsible for determining what actions to take. It must be constantly
aware of exact vehicle position in relation to surroundings, including temporary
obstacles.

It accepts and interprets encoded speech commands from the speech

processor CPU and sends encoded speech responses to the speech processor for
utterance. The main CPU issues motion commands to the base CPU and requests
reports on motion progress and vehicle status.

It also accepts asynchronous

notification of emergency events. Initially, the main CPU will be located off-board. It will
communicate with the vehicle via a serial link, either radio or umbilical cord.
The base CPU is responsible for all hardware on the vehicle base, except the
speech components. This CPU controls the stepper motors and DC drive motors and
monitors their position.

It monitors all bumper and limit switches. When a switch closes, the corresponding
motor is stopped first, then the main CPU is notified of the aborted command. The
battery charge level is monitored, and charging operations proceed under its control.
Distance-to-object and direction-of-sound are calculated by the base CPU. The radio
link to the main CPU, and the LED link to the platform CPU are maintained by the base
CPU. A parallel port connects it to the speech CPU. Base CPU memory is used for
message buffering.

Methodology
Materials:

CPU board

DC motor drive

DC motor

Main frame

Wheels

IR sensors

Bolts

Cup nut

Battery case

Batteries

Contact switch

Pin cables

Pin header pin

LED lights

Instructions:

1. Only using bolts, fix the DC motor and the motor frame.

2. Put the motor frame mixed with the DC motor on the main frame and tighten
using bolts.

3. Tighten the supports on the main frame using the nut to the bolts. (The supports
that are located at C4 and G4 are supposed to be fixed on the bolts that are
tightened to the motor frame.

4. Insert the wheel into the DC motor. Insert the bolt into the main frame and then
fix it using the nut and cap-nut.

10

5. Connect the IR sensor and the L2X2 frame using the bolts and nuts. Turn the IR
sensor upside down then put it on the 20mm support that is fixed on the main
frame and tighten it using nuts.

6. Fix the LED boards to the IR sensor board using the 7mm supports, bolt and nut.

11

7. Assemble the L2X2 frame and the IR sensor using the bolts and nut, and then
connect this L2X6 frame to the 7mm support that is fixed on the 7mm support
using nuts.

8. Put the battery case on the 35mm support that are fixed on the main frame, and
then tighten it using 20mm supports.

12

9. Insert the contact switch and the DC motor driver to the 20 mm supports and put
the CPU board on the top of them and tighten using nuts.

10. Connect the battery case cable and the power connector of the CPU board.
Connect the DC motor cable to the DC motor drive board.

13

11. Using the 3pin cables, connect the OUT ports. No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 of the
CPU board to the ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the DC motor drive board in order.
Connect the OUT port No.5 and No.6 to the LED boards using the 3pin cables.

12. Using the 3pin cables, connect the OUT ports. No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 of the
CPU board to the ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the DC motor drive board in order.
Connect the OUT port No.5 and No.6 to the LED boards using the 3pin cables.

14

Conclusion
The inventors conclude that the sensingbot is already complete but lack in robotic
parts most especially the camera that symbolizes for the sense of sight like human
have. The robot was one of the genuine products of human brain and as time pass by
different sophisticated robotic equipment and one of this was the IR sensor. In this
simple robot, every students and teachers will realize that a simple IR sensor attached
in different appliances has a lot of function. The IR sensor could be seen in remote
control of televisions, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, rice cooker, smoke detectors, etc.
The IR sensor just differed in function due to the program that instilled in robot. The
robot was programmed to avoid the edge of the table and an obstacle through
detection. As the creators noticed, the world is run by technology and that type of
technology wouldnt be completed without camera and the robot should be connected in
every smartphones but as a newbie in this type of field, creators were still bridging
towards the world of true robotic system. This robot could be the first step of group in
entering the world of robotics.

15

Recommendations
The inventors recommend to innovate the sensingbot. Innovation includes putting a
camera on it. It can help the sensingbot to avoid the wall or obstacles using a camera
and its infrared sensor. Camera helps a lot on determining the place where the camera
is and can also record the places where the sensingbot have been. In innovating the
sensing bot, the inventors recommend to use smart phones in controlling the robot.
Programming skills are needed in order to control the sensingbot using your smart
phones. Therefore, the inventors recommend further study and improve their
programming and self-learning skills to give the sensingbot more skills than sensing.

16

Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
http://robotics.ece.auckland.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id
=31
http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_sensing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard
roborobo.co.kr.
olx.com.ph

17