REVISION PAPER 3 2014

QUESTION 1
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to compare the
hardness of bronze with its pure metal, copper.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen
untuk membandingkan kekerasan gangsa dengan logam tulennya, kuprum.
.
The experiment was carried out according to the following steps:

Eksperimen itu dijalankan mengikut langkah-langkah berikut:

Step 1

Langkah 1

Step 2

Langkah 2

Cellophane tape was used to stick a steel ball bearing onto the copper
block.

Pita selofen digunakan untuk melekatkan bebola keluli di atas bongkah

kuprum.
A one-kilogram weight was hung at the height of 50 cm above the ball
bearing as shown in Diagram 1.1

Pemberat satu kilogram digantung pada ketinggian 50 cm di atas

bebola keluli itu seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1

Step 3

The weight was dropped so that it hit the ball bearing.

Langkah 3

Pemberat itu dijatuhkan supaya menghentam bebola keluli tersebut.

Step 4

The diameter of dent formed on the copper block was measured and the
reading was recorded.

Langkah 4 Diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum diukur dan
bacaannya direkodkan.
Step 5

Langkah 5

Step 1 to step 4 were repeated by replacing the copper block with bronze
block.

Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang dengan menggantikan bongkah kuprum

dengan bongkah gangsa.

Ruler
String
Weight 1 kg

Steel ball

Block copper
Diagram 1.1

Rajah 1.1

Copper block

Bronze block

Bongkah
kuprum

Bongkah
gangsa

Diameter : . mm

Diameter : . mm
Diagram 1.2

Rajah 1.2
(a) Measure the diameter of dents and record the readings in the spaces provided.

Ukur diameter lekuk dan catatkan bacaan pada ruang yang disediakan
[3 marks]

(b) Construct a table to record the diameter of dent formed on each copper block and
bronze block

Bina satu jadual untuk merekod diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada setiap
bongkah kuprum dan bongkah gangsa.

[3 marks]

(c) (i) State one observation that can be obtained from this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang dapat diperoleh daripada eksperimen ini.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(ii) What is your inference based on your answer in (c) (i).

Apakah inferens anda berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(iii) Explain your answer in c(ii) according to the arrangement of particles in the
bronze and copper.

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(ii) berdasarkan susunan zarah-zarah

dalam gangsa dan kuprum.

............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................
. [3 marks]
(d) For this experiment, state :

Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan :

(i)

The manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

.............................................................................................................................

(ii) The responding variable

Pembolehubah bergerak balas

.............................................................................................................................
(iii) The fixed variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

.............................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) State the hypothesis for the experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]
(f) Based on Diagram 1.1 and 1.2, state the operational definition for the hardness of alloy.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekerasan aloi.
...

[3 marks]
(g) The experiment is repeated by dropping one-kilogram weight at the height of 30
cm.
Predict the diameter of dent on copper block.

Eksperimen diulangi dengan menjatuhkan pemberat satu kilogram pada

ketinggian 30cm.
Ramalkan diameter lekuk di atas bongkah kuprum.
...
[3 marks]

(h) The following is a list of substances:

Berikut ialah senarai bahan :

Antimony

Bronze

Copper

Antimoni

Gangsa

Kuprum

Brass

Pewter

Tin

Loyang

Piuter

Timah

Classify these substances into alloy and pure metal.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada aloi dan logam tulen.

Alloy

Aloi
Pure metal

Logam tulen

[3 marks]
(i) Steel takes a longer time to corrode compared to iron. Explain.

Keluli memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk berkarat berbanding dengan
besi. Terangkan.
...
...
...

[3 marks]

QUESTION 2
Table 1.1 shows the observation in five test tubes used to investigate the effect of other
metals on rusting. A mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), K3Fe(CN)6
solution and phenolphthalein were used as medium in each test tube.The observations
were recorded after one day.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam lima buah tabung uji yang digunakan untuk
menyiasat kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan. Medium yang digunakan di dalam setiap
tabung uji adalah campuran larutan agar, larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III), K3Fe(CN)6 dan
fenolftalein. Pemerhatian direkod selepas satu hari.

Test tube 1
Tabung uji 1
Iron nail
Paku besi

Test tube 2
Tabung uji 2

Test tube 3
Tabung uji 3

Iron nail coiled with

magnesium ribbon
Paku besi dililit dengan
pita magnesium

Blue colour
Warna biru

High intensity of pink colour

Keamatan warna
merah jambu tinggi

Iron nail coiled with

copper strip
Paku besi dililit dengan
kepingan kuprum

High intensity of blue colour

Keamatan warna biru tinggi

Test tube 4
Tabung uji 4

Iron nail coiled with zinc

strip
Paku besi dililit dengan
kepingan zink

Low intensity of pink colour

Keamatan warna
merah jambu rendah

Test tube 5
Tabung uji 5

Iron nail coiled with tin

strip
Paku besi dililit dengan
kepingan timah

Low intensity of blue colour

Keamatan warna biru
rendah

Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1

(a)

State the observation and inference for each test tube.

Nyatakan pemerhatian dan inferens untuk setiap tabung uji.
Test tube
Tabung uji

Observation
Pemerhatian

Inference
Inferens

5
(b)

Based on this experiment, explain why there is a difference in observation between

test tube 2 and 3.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian di
antara tabung uji 2 dan 3.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(c)

State the hypothesis for the experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen tersebut.
.........................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d)

For this experiment, state:

Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:
(i)

The manipulated variable.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi.
...................................................................................................................

(ii)

The responding variable.

Pembolehubah bergerak balas.
......

(iii)

The constant variable.

Pembolehubah dimalarkan.

(e)

.............................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
State the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengaratan paku besi.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(f)

Magnesium, copper, zinc and tin were used in this experiment to investigate the effect
of other metals on the rusting of iron nails. Classify the metals by completing Table
1.2.
Magnesium, kuprum, zink dan timah digunakan dalam eksperimen ini untuk mengkaji
kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan paku besi. Kelaskan logam-logam dengan
melengkapkan Jadual 1.2.
Metals that inhibit rusting
Logam yang
melambatkan pengaratan

Metals that speed up rusting

Logam yang mempercepatkan
pengaratan

Table 1.2

(g)

[3 marks]
An iron nail was placed on a moist cotton to investigate the time taken for the iron nail
to rust completely. The observations are shown below.
Sebatang paku besi diletakkan di atas kapas lembap untuk mengkaji masa yang
diambil untuk paku besi itu berkarat dengan lengkap. Pemerhatian adalah ditunjuk
seperti di bawah.

Brown colour
Warna perang
After one day
Selepas satu hari

(i)

Brown colour
Warna perang
After two days
Selepas dua hari

State the relationship between the time taken and the amount of rust formed.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara masa yang diambil dan kuantiti karat yang
terbentuk.

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii)

The iron nail will take 5 days to rust completely in the water. Predict the time
taken for the iron nail to rust completely if it is placed in salt solution.
Sebatang paku besi mengambil masa 5 hari untuk berkarat dengan lengkap.
Ramalkan masa yang diambil untuk paku besi itu berkarat dengan lengkap jika
diletakkan dalam larutan garam.
.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

QUESTION 3
3.. Diagram 3 shows two methods of dissolving brown sugar to make sugar solution.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua kaedah melarutkan gula perang untuk membuat larutan gula.

Method
Kaedah
Brown sugar crystal
Hablur gula perang

Hot water
Air panas
II

After 5 minutes
Selepas 5 minit

Brown solution
Larutan perang

Brown sugar crystal

Hablur gula perang

Cold water
Air sejuk

Paler brown solution

Larutan perang muda
Brown sugar crystal
Hablur gula perang

Diagram 3
Rajah 3
A group a students discovered that it is faster to dissolve the brown sugar to make sugar solution
by using hot water rather than cold water.This is due to the difference in the temperature of the
water.
Sekumpulan pelajar mendapati bahawa lebih cepat untuk melarutkan gula perang menggunakan
air panas berbanding air sejuk untuk membuat larutan gula. Ini disebabkan oleh perbezaan suhu
air.
By referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of temperature
on the rate of reaction between acid and metal.
Merujuk pada situasi di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji kesan suhu
terhadap kadar tindak balas antara asid dan logsm.

Your planning should include the following aspects,

Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut,

(a)Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah
(b)All the variables
Semua pemboleh ubah
(c )Hypothesis
Hipotesis
(d)Lists of materials and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan alat radas
(e)Procedure
Prosedur
(f)Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

QUESTION 4

Neutralisation is a reaction between an acid and an alkali

to form salt and water.

Peneutralan ialah satu tindak balas antara asid dengan alkali

untuk membentuk garam dan air.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the heat of
neutralisation between a named strong acid with sodium hydroxide solution and heat of
neutralisation between a named weak acid with sodium hydroxide solution.

Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal

untuk membandingkan haba peneutralan antara suatu asid kuat yang dinamakan
dengan larutan natrium hidroksida dan haba peneutralan antara suatu asid lemah
yang dinamakan dengan larutan natrium hidroksida.
Your planning should include the following aspects:

Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) Problem statement

Pernyataan masalah

(b) All the variables

Semua pemboleh ubah

(c) Hypothesis

Hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

(e) Procedure

Prosedur
(f) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

QUESTION 5

Diagram 5(a) and 5(b) below shows the apparatus set up to study the effects of metal X
and metal Y on the rusting of iron.
Rajah 5(a) dan 5(b) menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk mengkaji kesan logam X dan logam Y
ke atas pengaratan besi

Diagram 5(a)

Diagram 5(b)

Referring to the information in the diagram above,plan an experiment to investigate the effect of a
named Xand Y metals on the rusting of iron. Your planning should include the following aspects:
Merujuk kepada maklumat dari gambarajah di atas,rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji
kesan logam X dan logam Y yang dinamakan ke atas pengaratan besi.Perancangan anda
hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) Problem statement

Pernyataan masalah
(b) All the variables
Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Hypothesis
Hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan alat radas
(e) Procedure
Prosedur
(f) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

ANSWER QUESTION NO 1
Question
Rubric
1(a)
Able to state the diameter of the dents accurately

Score
3

Sample answer:
Block X
Block Y

Question
1(b)

:
:

30
25

Able to state any reading accurately with one or more decimal

place
Able to state the diameter of the dent in cm(2.5 and 3.0)
No response or wrong response

Rubric
Able to construct a table to record the diameter of dents formed on
block X and Y accurately
Sample answer:

Score

Material/Block
X
Y

Diameter of the dent / mm

30
25

Able to construct a table to record the diameter of dents formed on

block X and Y accurately without unit
Able to construct a table to record any one of diameter of dents
formed on block X and Y
No response or wrong response
Question
1(c)(i)

Rubric
Able to state all the observations correctly

1
0

2
1
0
Score

Sample answers:
The size / diameter of dents on copper block are bigger than the
size / diameter of dents on bronze block.

Able to state the observation without comparison

-The diameter formed on copper block is big
Able to give an idea of the observation
-the dent is formed
No response or wrong response

2
1
0

Question
1(c)(ii)

Rubric
Able to state all the inferences correctly

Score

Sample answers:
Bronze is harder than copper // Copper is less harder than
bronze

Question
1(c)(iii)

Able to state the inferences

Sample answer:
Alloy is harder than its pure metal
Able to give the idea od inferences
Sample answer:
Alloy is harder/hard
No response or wrong response

Rubric
Able to state the arrangement of particles in the materials
correctly

Score

3
Sample answers:
In bronze,
1.tin atoms and copper atoms are of different sizes
2.the presence of tin atoms disturb the orderly arrangement of
copper atoms
3.the layers of copper atoms/ atoms difficult to slide when force is
applied
Able to state any two of statements from score 3
Able to state any one of the statements from score 3
No respble to stonse or wrong response
Question
1(d)

Rubric
Able to state all the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable:
Different types of materials/block//copper and bronze
Respondingvariable: Size / diameter of dent// hardness of the
block
Constant variable:
Size / diameter of steel ball bearing // height of the weight // mass
of the weight
Able to state any two variables correctly
Able to state any one variable correctly
No response or wrong response

2
1
0
Score
3

2
1
0

Question
1(e)

Rubric
Score
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
3
and the responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
Bronze is harder than copper // Copper is less harder than bronze
//Bronze has smaller size / diameter of dent than copper// alloy is
harder than its pure metal
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and responding variable.

Sample answer:
When the size / diameter of dent is smaller, the material is harder

Question
1(f)

Question
1(g)

Able to state the idea of hypothesis

Sample answer:
Different materials have different diameter/size of the dent

No response or wrong response

Rubric
Able to state the operational definition for alloy accurately
Sample answer:
When a force is applied, the material that has smaller dent is the
harder // the hardness depend on the diameter of the dent formed
when weight is hit on the surface of the block/when force is
applied
Able to state the operational definition for alloy correctly
Sample answer:
The material that has smaller size / diameter of dent is the harder.
Able to state an idea for the potential difference
Sample answer:
Bronze is alloy
No response or wrong response
Rubric
Able to predict the diameter of the dent correctly
Sample answer:
State one number in range between 18 mm to 30 mmm//1.8cm to 3.0 c
Between 25mm-30mm
less than 30 mm
No response or wrong response

Score
3

0
Score
3

2
1
0

Question
1(h)

Rubric
Able to classify allos and pure metals correctly
Sample answer:
Alloys
Pure metals

Brass, bronze, pewter

Copper, antimony, tin

Able to classify two alloys and two pure metals //all alloys or pure
metals correctly
Able to classify one alloy or one pure metal correctly
No response or wrong response

Question
1(i)

Score
3

Rubric
Able to explain the relationship between the time for steel to
corrode accurately
Sample answer:
The present of carbon atom in steel will reduce /slow down the
formation of iron (III) oxide layer/oxide layer

2
1
0

Score
3

Able to explain the relationship between the time for steel to

corrode correctly:
Sample answer:
The present of carbon atom prevent the steel from easily rust//
Alloying prevent the formation of oxide layer on the surface of
steel//When iron expose to air, the oxide layer is formed on the
surface of iron.

Able to state an idea of the relationship between the time correctly

Sample answer:
Steel not easier to corrode//steel is protected by a layer
substance//steel is an alloy

No response or wrong response

ANSWER
QUESTION 2
Question
1(a)

Mark Scheme
Able to state 5 correct observations.
Able to state 3-4 correct observations.
Able to state 1-2 correct observations.

Marks
3
2
1

Sample answer
Test
tube
1
2
3
4
5

Observation
blue colour /solutions
High intensity of pink colour/ solutions
High intensity of blue colour /solutions
Low intensity of pink colour/ solutions
Low intensity of blue colour /solutions

Able to state 5 correct inferences.

Able to state 3-4 correct inferences.
Able to state 1-2 correct inferences.
Sample answer
Test
tube
1

Inference
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions //
Iron / Fe rusted/corroded/oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the
solutions //
Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised
Magnesium/Mg rusted/corroded /oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions //
Iron / Fe rusted/ corroded/ oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the
solutions //
Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised //
Zinc/Zn rusted/ corroded / oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions //
Iron / Fe is rusted / corroded/ oxidised

3
2
1

1(b)

Mark Scheme
Able to explain a difference in observation correctly between
test tube 2 and 3

Marks
3

Sample answer
Iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 2 does not rust/ corrode/ oxidised because
ferum is in contact with a more electropositive metal, but
iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 3 rusts/ corrodes/ is oxidised because
ferum is in contact with a less electropositive metal. //
In test tube 2, magnesium is more electropositive than ferum/iron
and and in test tube 3, copper is less electropositive the ferum/iron.
Able to explain a difference in observation between test tube 2
and test tube 3 incompletely.

Sample answer
Iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 2 does not rust/ corrode/ oxidised, but
iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 3 rusts/ corrodes/ is oxidised.
Able to state any idea of difference in observation.

Sample answer
Iron/Ferum/Fe/nail/metal does not rust / corrode/ oxidised //
Iron/Ferum/Fe/nail/metal rusts / corrodes/ is oxidised
No response or wrong response

Question
1(c)

Mark Scheme
Able to state the hypothesis correctly.

Marks
3

Sample answer
When a more/less electropositive metal is in contact with
iron/ferum/Fe, the metal inhibits/(speeds up) rusting/corrosion of
iron //
When a more/less electropositive metal is in contact with
iron/ferum/Fe, rusting of iron/ferum/Fe is faster/slower //
If the metal in contact with iron is higher/lower than iron/ferum/Fe
in electrochemical series, the rusting/corrosion of iron is
slower/faster //
The higher/lower the metal in contact with iron in electrochemical
series/ than iron/ferum/Fe, the rusting/corrosion of iron/ferum/Fe is
slower/faster
Able to state the hypothesis less accurately.

Sample answer
When a more/less electropositive metal, the metal inhibits/(speeds
up) rusting/corrosion of iron //
If the metal in contact with iron is higher than iron/ferum/Fe in
reactivity series, the rusting/corrosion of iron is slower/faster //
The rusting of iron/ferum/Fe is faster/slower, if
electropositive metal is in contact with iron/ferum/Fe

a more/less

Able to give an idea of hypothesis.

Sample answer
Different metal in contact with iron, will cause iron to rust //
Metal can cause iron to rust.
No response or wrong response

Question
1(d)

Mark Scheme
Able to state all the variables in this experiment correctly.

Marks
3

Sample answer
(i) Manipulated variables:
Type/different metal // position of metal in electrochemical
series
(ii) Responding variable:
Rusting / corrosion // presence of blue/pink colour
(iii) Constant variable:
Size/mass of iron nail // type of nail // clean iron nails //
temperature // medium in which the iron nail are kept
Able to state any two of the variables in this experiment
correctly.

Able to state any one of the variables in this experiment

correctly.

No response or wrong response

Question
1(e)

Mark Scheme
Able to state the operational definition for the rusting of iron
nail correctly.

Marks
3

Sample answer
Blue colouration indicates rusting occurs.//
Rusting occurs when iron nail is in contact with copper/tin /less
electropositive metal and form blue colouration in potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
Able to state the operational definition for the rusting of iron
nail less accurately

Sample answer:
Rusting occurs when iron nail is in contact with copper/tin /less
electropositive metal.
Able to state any idea of operational definition.

Sample answer:
Rusting occurs when the colour of solution changes. //
Rusting occurs
No response or wrong response

Question
1(f)

Mark Scheme
Able to classify all the metals correctly.
Sample answer
Metals that inhibit rusting
Magnesium/Mg
Zinc/Zn

1(g)(i)

Marks
3

Metals that speed up rusting

Tin/Sn
Copper/Cu

Able to classify at least three metals correctly.

Able to classify any one of the metals correctly.

No response or wrong response

Able to state the relationship between the time taken and the
amount of rust formed correctly.

Sample answer
The longer the time taken, the greater/bigger/larger the rust formed
// The longer the time taken, more rust is formed // The rust formed
is greater/bigger/larger, when the time taken is longer.
Able to state the relationship between the time taken and the
amount of rust formed less accurately.

Sample answer:
The rust formation is directly proportional with time. //
The rust formed is greater/bigger/larger after two days compared to
one day. //
The rust formed in two days is more than in one day [vice-versa
Able to state any idea of the relationship between the time taken
and the amount of rust.

Sample answer:
The rust formed in two days is greater/bigger/larger. //
The rust formed in one day is lesser/smaller
No response or wrong response
Question

Mark Scheme

0
Marks

1(g)(ii)

Able to predict the time taken for the iron nail to completely
rust correctly.

Answer
Less than 5 days
Able to predict the time taken for the iron nail to completely
rust less accurately

Answer:
5 days
Able to give an idea of the time taken.

Sample answer:
More than 5 days
0

No response or wrong response

QUESTION 3
(a)Does the rate of reaction between acid and metal increase when temperature of acid increases?
(b)MV: temperature of acid
RV: rate of reaction
CV: volume and concentration of acid//mass of zinc
(c )When the temperature of acid increases, the rate of reaction between acid and metal
increases.
(d)Materials: 1 g of zinc powder, 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm -3 Hydrochloric acid
Apparatus: beaker 250 cm3, stopwatch,measuring cylinder,weighing balance,thermometer.
(e) 1).50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into a beaker.
2)The temperature of the acid is recorded.
3)1.0 g zinc powder is added into the beaker.
4)Immediately , the stopwatch is started.
5)The time is recorded until there is no more bubbles produced.
6)Step 1 to 5 is repeated by heating the acid to 40, 50 0 C.
(f)
Temperature of acid( 0C)
Room temperature
40
50

Time taken when there is no bubbles formed(s)

ANSWER: QUESTION 4

(a)Does heat of neutralisation of strong acid is higher than heat of neutralisation of weak acid
when react with sodium hydroxide?
(b) Manipulated variable : Types of acids//strength of acids
Responding variable : Heat of neutralization//heat change
Constant variable : Volume and concentration of acid // polystyrene cup

(c )Strong acid produce higher/lower heat of neutralization than weak acid when react with
sodium hydroxide solution
(d)Materials
Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid [0.5 2.0] mol dm-3 ,
sodium hydroxide solution [0.5 2.0] mol dm-3
Apparatus
Polystyrene cup, measuring cylinder, thermometer .

(e)Procedure:

1. 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 is measured and poured into a
polystyrene cup.
2. The initial temperature of the solution is recorded
3. 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm-3 is measured
4. The initial temperature of the acid is recorded
5. The hydrochloric acid is poured into the sodium hydroxide solution
6. The mixture is stirred using a thermometer and the highest temperature is recorded
7. The experiment//Step 1 to 6 is repeated using ethanoic acid
(a) Data:

Acid
Initial temperature of
NaOH solution/alkali (oC)
Initial temperature of
acid solution (oC)
Highest temperature of
the mixture (oC)

Hydrochloric
acid

Ethanoic
acid

ANSWER : QUESTION 5
Problem statement: Does metal X/magnesium metal prevent iron from rusting while
metal Y/copper metal makes the iron to rust?
Variables:
MV: types of metals contact with iron
RV: rusting of iron
CV: type of nail
Hypothesis:
When the more electropositive metal/ magnesium metal contact with iron, the iron
is prevent from rusting while when the less electropositive metal/copper metal
contact with iron, iron rusting.
Materials:Iron nails,magnesium stripe,copper stripe,potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution, phenolphthalein, hot jelly solution
Apparatus: test tube,test tube rack, sand paper

Procedure:
1) Magnesium strip, copper strip and iron nails are cleaned with sand paper.
2) One iron nails is coiled with magnesium