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Kota Sehat
Norma Anggara - detikNews
Surabaya - Surabaya baru saja meraih penghargaan Kota Sehat Swasti Saba Padapa. Apa saja
kriteria yang dipenuhi untuk bisa meraih penghargaan Kota Sehat? Ini dia indikatornya.
Yang utama, setiap tatanan kota yang diajukan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya memiliki perda yang
mengikat. Kedua, Pemkot Surabaya juga telah memiliki perda illegal loging dan kebakaran
hutan.
"Yang ketiga, Surabaya punya kawasan tanpa asap rokok," kata Kabag Humas Pemkot Surabaya,
M Fikser kepada detikcom, Jumat (15/11/2013).
Kemudian indikator ke empat yakni adanya car free day (CFD) yang konsisten digelar pada
setiap Minggu pukul 06.00 WIB hingga 09.00 WIB di kawasan Raya Darmo.
"Gerakan olah raga rutin, zona sekolah bebas narkoba, kampung bebas narkoba, menurunnya
kasus narkoba," papar Fikser.
Yang kelima, Surabaya dianggap berhasil dalam hal memperbanyak Ruang Terbuka Hijau
(RTH) serta membuat daerah resapan air.
"Poin 6, Surabaya merupakan salah satu kota yang seluruh elemennya terlibat mewujudkan
lingkungan yang bersih. Lalu Pemda juga dinilai terus memberikan inovasi dan konsistensi
dalam penataan RTH, pengelolaan sampah, dan hemat energi," ujarnya.
Indikator ke delapan, pemkot juga dinilai memfasilitasi peningkatan derajat kesehatan jasmani
dan rohani segenap warga kota dengan mengimplementasikan gagasan pengembangan kota yang
sehat, bersih dan mandiri.
http://news.detik.com/surabaya/read/2013/11/15/155349/2414348/475/ini-indikator-surabaya-raihpenghargaan-kota-sehat
Nah, betul kan, bahwa konsepnya tidak terpaku kepada kondisi pelayanan kesehatan dan kondisi
masyarakatnya yang selalu sehat saja, tetapi lebih luas lagi, yaitu kepada faktor pendukung
kesehatan seperti lingkungan. Dengan tetap memperhatikan 8 Indikator Pokok yang harus
dipenuhi oleh Kota dan Kabupaten yang ingin mendapatkan gelar Kota atau Kabupaten Sehat,
yaitu:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Atas terpenuhinya dua tatanan kesehatan tersebut Depok berhak atas penghargaan Swastisaba
Padapa yang diberikan secara langsung oleh Menteri Kesehatan Nafsiah Mboi kepada Wali Kota
Depok Nur Mahmudi Ismail, di Jakarta, Kamis (14/11/2013).
Penghargaan Kota Sehat adalah bentuk penghargaan bagi kabupaten/kota yang telah banyak
memberikan kontribusi dan komitmen besar terhadap tujuan pembangunan kesehatan.
"Melalui penghargaan ini, diharapkan akan mampu memberikan motivasi bagi seluruh
komponen masyarakat yang ada di kabupaten/kota untuk secara bersama membangun kepedulian
di bidang kesehatan," ujar Nafsiah.
Penetapan penghargaan Kota Sehat dilakukan melalui tahapan verifikasi mulai dari tingkat
provinsi, untuk selanjutnya dilakukan verifikasi ulang oleh Kementerian Kesehatan berdasarkan
indikator khusus.
Indikator khusus tersebut adalah kawasan permukiman; sarana dan prasarana umum; kawasan
sarana lalu lintas tertib dan pelayanan transportasi; kawasan pertambangan sehat; kawasan hutan
sehat; kawasan industri dan perkantoran sehat; kawasan pariwisata sehat; kawasan pangan dan
gizi; kehidupan masyarakat sehat yang mandiri; dan kehidupan sosial yang sehat.
Di tingkat Kota Depok, sebelum dilakukan verifikasi oleh tim provinsi, terlebih dahulu dilakukan
lomba Kecamatan Sehat tingkat Kota Depok dan persiapannya meliputi pembinaan di tingkat
kelompok kerja (POKJA) Kelurahan Sehat, dan Forum Komunikasi Kecamatan Sehat (FKKS)
oleh Tim Pembina Kota Sehat, dan Forum Kota Depok Sehat (FKDS) yang dipimpin Wali Kota
Depok dan Ketua Tim Penggerak PKK Kota Depok.
"Kami akan terus berupaya melakukan perbaikan-perbaikan dan penambahan sarana dan
prasarana kesehatan, melatih sumber daya manusia di bidang kesehatan, dan juga menciptakan
lebih banyak lagi komunitas masyarakat sehat mandiri. Kami juga akan memaksimalkan
anggaran kesehatan sebesar 10 persen dari total APBD Kota Depok," jelas Nur Mahmudi.
Kota Depok saat ini masih berada di posisi ketiga nasional dalam pencapaian Indeks Pembangunan
Manusia (IPM), yang salah satu indikator utamanya adalah pembangunan kesehatan.
Swastisaba Padapa menggenapi penghargaan sebelumnya yang telah diraih Kota Depok, yakni Pembina
dan Wali Kota Teladan dalam Bidang Diversifikasi Pangan yang diberikan Menteri Pertanian dalam
Peringatan Hari Pangan Sedunia pada tanggal 31 Oktober 2013.
Penghargaan lainnya adalah MDG's Award di bidang Nutrisi pada 2011. Penghargaan ini diberikan atas
dasar kinerja positif Kota Depok dalam mengentaskan problema gizi buruk. Penderita gizi buruk
menurun signifikan dari sebelumnya 0,18 persen apda 2010 menjadi 0,10 persen pada 2012.
Konten berita ini didukung oleh Pemerintah Kota Depok
A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social
environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually
support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum
potential.
Background
Healthy Cities are arguably the best-known and largest of the settings approaches. The
programme is a long-term international development initiative that aims to place health high on
the agendas of decision makers and to promote comprehensive local strategies for health
protection and sustainable development. Basic features include community participation and
empowerment, intersectoral partnerships, and participant equity.
A Healthy City aims to:
Being a Healthy City depends not on current health infrastructure, rather upon, a commitment to
improve a city's environs and a willingness to forge the necessary connections in political,
economic, and social arenas.
Examples of implementation
Starting in 1986, the first Healthy Cities programmes were launched in developed countries (i.e.
Canada, USA, Australia, many European nations). Around 1994, developing countries used the
resources and implementation strategies of initial successes to begin their own programmes.
Implementation strategies are quite individual by city, though they follow the basic idea of
involving many community members, various stakeholders, and commitments of municipal
officials to achieve widespread mobilization and efficiency. Today, thousands of cities
worldwide are part of the Healthy Cities network and exist in all WHO regions in more than
1,000 cities worldwide.
Evaluation
Lack of programme permanence and other outcomes-related issues have developed with little
commitment from public officials or stability of local coordinators. Additionally, many studies
have identified that cities, particularly in developing countries, lack the resources to develop
good guidance to lead the project, via the development of health profiles and sufficient
evaluation time prior to starting. While several regional and national networks exist to facilitate
strategy sharing, little information has been published on country profiles and actual
implementation plans outside of the WHO European Region.
Resources
Networks
WHO Regional Office for Europe - Links to all national network sites
Selected publications
Boonekamp GMM, Colomer C, Toms A, Nuez A (1999) Healthy Cities Evaluation: the coordinators perspective. Health Promotion International. 14(2): 103-110.
Harpham et al. (2001). Healthy city projects in developing countries: The first evaluation. Health
Promotion International. 16(2): 111-125.
Khosh-Chashm, K. (1995) Healthy Cities and Healthy Villages. Eastern Mediterranean Health
Journal. 1(2): 103-111.
Kenzer M. (2000) Healthy Cities: A guide to the literature. Public Health Reports. 115: 279289.
Tsouros, A. (1995) The WHO Healthy Cities Project: state of the art and future plans. Health
Promotion International. 10(2): 133-141.
http://www.who.int/healthy_settings/types/cities/en/
What makes a city healthy? A combination of factors, ranging from readily available healthcare
to excellent mass transit to a commitment to improving access to green spaces. Taken from a
number of lists in publications such as The Guardian and The Economist that rank the healthiest
cities and countries around the world, these five cities have a history of investing in the
behaviours and elements that ensure their citizens live as healthy a life as possible.
Singapore
Singaporeans experience both some of the worlds lowest infant mortality rates and the highest
life expectancies: 84.07 years, number four in the world according to the CIA World Factbook.
Ranked among the most efficient health care systems across the globe, up to 80% of residents
use the public health system, which has a few different pricing tiers. Overall, Singapore is one of
the worlds cleanest cities (strict laws forbid everything from spitting to littering), and the
government has successfully used incentives, pricing and congestion charging to reduce the
amount of car traffic from its high point in the 1970s. The citys comprehensive mass transit
system, SMRT, carries more than two million passengers every day. Calling itself the Garden
City, there are dozens of parks, gardens and mountain trails around the island. For cyclists,
runners and walkers, the Park Connector Network comprises more than 200km of paths linking
local parks and green spaces. There is a growing emphasis on work/life balance here, as well as
a plethora of sporting events like marathons and mass cycling rides, said Carole Ann Coventry,
director of Coventry & Seah estate agency.
Many expats and internationals rent in Singapore because of the restrictions on foreigners
purchasing property, and the government has put further measures in place, such as additional
taxes, to prevent a housing bubble. Many people want to live in the central districts near Orchard
Road, north of the Singapore River from the Central Business District. Riverside living on
Robertson Quay is popular with couples and young families, Coventry said. These areas are
close to public transport, including multiple MRT stations. Singapores East Coast
neighbourhoods near East Coast Park are popular because of their proximity to outdoor activities
such as the beach, bike trails and volleyball courts. The average rent for a two-bedroom property
near Orchard Road is around $5,000 to $6,000 Singapore dollars a month.
Cycling in Singapore: urban transport and cycling issues, news and posts
Related article: Living in Singapore
Tokyo
With one of most efficient transit systems in the world, moving approximately three million
people a day in the greater metropolitan area, Tokyos greenhouse gas emissions are lower than
most other Asian cities. According to the World Bank, Tokyos CO2 per capita output is 4.89
tons, while Beijings is 10.8 tons and Singapores is 7.86 tons. In the wake of the 2011 tsunami,
the Fukushima reactor disaster has caused concerns, but the government claims radiation levels
are safe.
Ranked by the Guardian in 2012 as the second healthiest city in the world, life expectancy in the
Japanese capital is one of the highest at 84.19 years. This is due to a number of factors, including
investment in public health, strong family and community ties, the Japanese tradition of hygiene,
and a common diet of rice, fresh fish and vegetables. Universal health insurance was also
implemented in 1961, which cut down on the rate of childhood and infectious diseases.
Tokyos property market and prices have been on the rise in 2013, spurred by the new prime
ministers economic policies, as well as the citys successful bid for the Summer Olympics in
2020. Foreigners are not restricted from buying property, but most expats choose to rent. Many
look to live in the fashionable Azabu, Hiroo and Roppongi neighbourhoods in the Minato ward,
trendy Omotesando in the Shibuya ward and leafy Daikanyama and Nakameguro known for its
cherry blossoms in the Meguro ward, some of which have a more residential feel than is typical
in the rest of Tokyo. Average rents for three-bedroom apartments in these areas run anywhere
from 200,000 to 450,000 yen a month. The average price of a new condominium in Tokyo is
686,000 yen per square metre, while the average price of an existing condo is 399,700 per square
metre.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20131217-living-in-the-worlds-healthiest-cities/1
The cost to participate in those programs, which range from laughter yoga in the park to basket
weaving? Free. This helps encourage residents to get involved.
Their ability to balance work with quality time with friends and family not only keeps their stress
levels down, it gives them a happiness boost. Studies show that people who focus on experiences
versus things have higher levels of satisfaction long after the moment has passed. Thats one
reason Denmark takes the top spot as the happiest nation in the annual World Happiness Report
commissioned by the United Nations.
Other things play into Copenhagen's relaxed atmosphere. Residents walk to restaurants and walk
to get groceries. There are outdoor food markets with fresh produce and vegetables within a few
blocks of most spots in the city.
Men cycle to work in their slim-fit suits, and women dont shy away from pairing a bike helmet
with their sundresses and wedge heels. The city has 249 miles of bike paths, which makes biking
an easy and safe option. And people use them: Nearly half of commuters in Copenhagen travel to
work or school by bike each day.
Though parks and bike paths are plentiful, the government is upping its efforts. By 2015, all
residents must be able to reach a park or beach by foot in less than 15 minutes, according to a
new official municipal policy. Many of the new parks created will be pocket parks, or small
green spaces for city residents. The hope is that they will help keep residents fit and help the
environment by reducing traffic and pollution.
Heres one more stat that may make you want to start packing your bags for Denmark: Ninetysix percent of residents in Copenhagen say they can count on someone if they are in need.
This supportive society is just another reason Copenhagen earns a spot as one of the healthiest
(and happiest) cities.
http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2014/09/health/cnn10-healthiest-cities/