AGE ESTIMATION BY PULP TOOTH RATIO USING

TOOTH SECTIONING METHOD AND RADIOGRAPHIC

METHOD A COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY

RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

ANNEXURE-II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND

ADDRESS

ADDRESS

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

COURSE OF THE STUDY AND

SUBJECT

DR. BASAVARAJU B.
POST GRADUATE STUDENT
A.E.C.S. MAARUTI COLLEGE OF
DENTAL SCIENCES
& RESEARCH CENTRE,
No. 108, TANK BUNK ROAD,
HULIMAVU, BANGALORE560 076
A.E.C.S. MAARUTI COLLEGE OF
DENTAL SCIENCES
& RESEARCH CENTRE,
BANGALORE.
MASTER OF DENTAL
SURGERY(MDS)
PEDODONTICS AND
PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

4.

DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE

COURSE

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

5TH AUGUST,2013
AGE ESTIMATION BY PULP
TOOTH RATIO USING TOOTH
SECTIONING METHOD AND
RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD-A
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Forensic odontology is a vital and integral part of forensic science.1Forensic age estimation is
important in clarifying issue pertaining to unknown or disputed ages of living individual as well as
reconstructive identification of deceased. The teeth are considered as a reliable indicator of age
and provide a number of parameters for age prediction, and traditional methods of adult dental
age estimation.2
Although several parts of the body can be used for age estimation ,the poor condition of the
remaining parts of the body in particularly severe crashes or fires in cases of those recently
dead or of moisture and burial conditions in the case historic subjects , make many parts of the
body unusable .for this reasons, the teeth are the part of the body which are most frequently
used for identification and age estimation .3
Examination of the pulp space offers new opportunities in dental age identification. A commonly
used method found to be effective is the evaluation of secondary dentine apposition.This
apposition is a continous , age-associated process, which alters the size of the pulp chamber and is
only modified under pathological conditions. Various methods have been developed to study the
size of the pulp chamber including tooth cross section and radiographs. Both panaromic and
periapical radiographs have been used to access the pulp tooth area ratio of the teeth.4

Kvaal et al1995 introduce a method which depends on measurement of secondary dentin

deposition on radiographs by measuring pulp translucency and correlated to
age.Subsequently,age estimation based on radiographic measurement of teeth has been reported
in many studies and is most commonly used to determine age in living humans.5
The main purpose of this study is to compare radiographic method and tooth sectioning method
to determine the pulp tooth ratio for the estimation of age in an individual.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. A Study was conducted to estimate the dental age in age group of 21-71 years using pulp tooth ratio.
They assessed lateral incisor, first premolar, and canine alone and in combination. The periapical
radiographs were also examined. From this study they had concluded that canine had lowest
correlation(r= -0.395) followed by PMI (r=-0.362).Among the tooth combination, the three teeth taken
together had best R value(-0.438) followed by L1 +C(-0.406) and C +PM1(0.37)

2. A study was done to evaluate the change in pulp width at the level of CEJ and its correlation to
different age groups. Ground section of 100extracted premolars was made in labio lingual plane.All
teeth were examined under stereomicroscope.The correlation of different age groups with reduction
in ratio of score of pulp width(spc) and score of pulp width(stc) at cej was done.They had found that
SPC/STC ratio with different age group was found to be stasticallysignificant.Measurement of amount
secondary dentin seems to be reliable and rapid method in forensic odontology.

3. A study was performed to examine the relationship between age and age related changes in the pulp
tooth ratio in monoradicularteeth;with the exception of canine by OPG.Total of 606 OPG of Caucasian
patients(289 women and 317 men);aged between 18-75 years were assessed.From this study,they
concluded that lower premolars were most closely correlated with age.An ANOVA did not show
significant differences between men and women.Depending on the available premolar tooth,the

mean of the absolute values of residual standard error,at 95% confidence interval ranged between
4.34 and 6.02 years,showing that the pulp tooth area ratio is useful variable for assessing age with
reasonable accuracy.

4. A study was done to assess the suitability of pulp tooth volume ratio of mandibular canine for age
prediction in an Indian population.188 intact non carious mandibular canines(study sample 140
and control of 48) between age groups of 10-70 were collected from dental practioners across
india.There were no significant differences between the samples in terms of type of tooth(right or
left canine) or gender of patients.The value of the intraclass correlation coefficient was very
high.(p=0.99).Age estimates were within +/- 10 years of actual age in 27.09% of the cases.

5. A study was done to compare three different methods for dental age estimation using
anthropological(morphological and radiological) parameters on human teeth. The research was
conducted on the 160 intact extracted human teeth with one and two roots of the known age and
sex.Age determination of teeth with two roots in significant correlation with the known real age
p<0.001 in relation to the determined age on the teeth with one root.The results show that sex
too,is in significant correlation with the real age,p<0.001.

6.3OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1. The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between age and agerelated changes in pulp /tooth area ratio in maxillary premolar.
2. Pulp tooth ratio evaluating by tooth sectioning method and radiographic method.
3. Comparison between tooth section and radiographic methods.

7.MATERIAL AND METHODS

7.1SOURCE OF DATA
150 extracted premolar obtained from department of oral and maxillofacial
surgery,A.E.C.S. Maaruti Dental College Bangalore.

INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Intact non carious maxillary premolar
2. Teeth should have proper anatomy
3. Absence Of developmental disorder of teeth

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Attrited teeth
2.Teeth involved erosion
3.Decayed teeth
4.Restored teeth
5.Fractured teeth

MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. Gloves
2. Mouth Mask
3. Carborundum Disk
4. Periodontal Scaler
5. Radiovisiography
6. Leica Qwin Software
7. Adobe Photoshop CS5
8. Stereomicroscope

7.2 METHODOLOGY
150 extracted premolars will be obtained from the department of oral and maxillofacial
surgery A.E.C.S. Maaruti Dental College, Bangalore.
A patient history would be taken to identify the the age. The teeth obtained would be divided
into 10 groups with age ranging from 15 years to 65 years and each age group covered 5 years
interval.
Group-1

10 to 15 year

Group-2

15 to 20 years

Group-3

21 to 25 years

Group-4

26 to 30 years

Group-5

31 to 35 years

Group-6

36 to 40 years

Group-7

41 to 45 years

Group-8

46 to 50 years

Group-9

51 to 55 years

Group-10

56 to 60 years

Radiographs of the teeth will be made using paralleling technique.The radiographs would be
saved as high resolution JPEG files using Adobe Photoshop CS5 image editing software wherein
the teeths long axis will be aligned vertically using the measure tool.A number of horizontal
reference lines will be marked at specific intervals along the length of the tooth.The pulp and
tooth areas will be measured using the point and line tools on the draw tool box and the pulp/tooth
area ratio will be calculated.
Ground sectioning of teeth will be made in labiolingual plane at midpulpallevel.The score of total
tooth width at Cemento enamel Junction will be calculated to prevent inherent bias.The quotient
between pulp and tooth width will be calculated as broader teeth might have wider pulp.Teeth will
be examined using stereomicroscopic digitized images.LeicaQwin software will be used to
measure the pulp tooth area ratio.
The values of both techniques would be evaluated and compared by stastical analysis and
tabulated by Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis.

8. LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Deepa Jatti, Yashodadevi Kantaraj, Nagaraju, Sujatha Janardhan, Santana N; Age estimation by
measuring open apices of lower erupted teeth in 12-16 years olds by radiographic evaluation. J.
Forensic and Legal Med. July 2013; 20(5):430-434
2. Medha Babshet, Ashith B. Acharya, Venkatesh G. Naikmasur ; Age estimation from pulp/tooth
area ratio(PTR) in an Indian sample:a preliminary comparison of three mandibular teeth used
alone in combination. J. Forensic & Legal Medicine.,18(2011);350-354
3.Sudhanshu saxsena ; Age estimation of Indian adults from orthopantomographs. Braz.oral
res.;vol.25 no.3 Sao Paulo May/June 2011.
4. N.Jaganath, P.Neelakantan,C. Thiruvengadam, P. Ramani, P. Premkumar, A. Natesan, J.S.
Herald, H.U. Luder; Age Estimation In Indian Population Using Pulp Tooth Volume Ratio of
mandibular canines obtained from Cone Beam Computed Tomography.;J Forensic odontostomatol
2011;29;1;16.
5. JaklinFekriZaher ;Age estimation from pulp tooth ratio in maxillary incisors among Egyptian
using dental radiographic image;journal of Forensic and legal Medicine 18(2011)62-65.
6. PriyankaDebta, Fakir Mohan Debta, MinalChaudhary, Vijay Wadhawan; Variation in
SPC/STC ratio as an indicator of Age;A computer-aidedforensic odontology; Journal of Ind.
Acad. Of Oral Med. And Rad.,October-December 2012;22(4);s6-8

7. Roberto Cameriere, Stefano De Luca, Inmaculada Aleman, Luigi Ferrante, Mariano

Cingolani;Age estimation by pulp/ tooth ratio in lower premolars by orthopantomography.
Forensic Science International 214 (2012) 105-112.
8.Age estimation of dental patient Using Orthopantomographs.Dental Medicine and Surgery
Journal of Bangladesh.
9. H. Brkic, M,Millicevic, M. Petrovecki;Age estimation methods using anthropological
parameters on human teeth-(A0736).Forensic Science International Volume 162,issue 1-3,16
0ctober 2006,page 13-16.

9.SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

10. REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

This study is suitable for Dissertation.

11. NAME AND DESIGNATION OF (IN BLOCK LETTERS)

11.1 GUIDE:

DR. KUMAR N.C. M.D.S.,

PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTIA AND
PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY, A.E.C.S.
MAARUTI COLLEGE OF DENTAL
SCIENCES & RESEARCH CENTRE.

11.2 SIGNATURE:

11.3 CO-GUIDE IF ANY:

11.4 SIGNATURE:

11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

DR. SAPNA KONDE, M.D.S.,

PROFESSOR AND HEAD,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTIA &
PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
A.E.C.S. MAARUTI COLLEGE OF DENTAL
SCIENCES & RESEARCH CENTRE.

11.6 SIGNATURE

DISSERTATION SYNOPSIS

DR. BASAVARAJU B.
POST GRADUATE STUDENT

DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

A.E.C.S. MAARUTI COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

& RESEARCH CENTRE,
No. 108, TANK BUNK ROAD, HULIMAVU, BANGALORE-560 076.

BATCH OF 2013-2016