1) What is government?

The system by which a state or community is governed. As a system it is

responsible for the people in ensuring
that they renders habitual obedience to rules and regulations formulated and
implemented.
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2) What are the purposes of the government?

The purposes of government include maintenance of a social
order, providing public services, providing national protection and making
national economic decisions.
FORM a More Perfect Union Goal that states the
Constitution fixes the problems with the Articles of Confederation.
ESTABLISH Justice Laws and punishments are fair
and reasonable.
PROMOTE the General Welfare Tasks the government
performs for the citizens' benefit.
SECURE theBlessings of the Liberty Provide citizens with the right to life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness. - www.ushistory.org

3) What is governance?
Governance refers to "all processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, market or network,
whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal organization or territory and whether through laws, norms, power
or language. It relates to "the processes of interaction and decision-making among the actors involved in a
collective problem that lead to the creation, reinforcement, or reproduction of social norms and institutions.
To distinguish the term governance from government: a government is a formal body invested with the authority
to make decisions in a given political system. In this case the governance process, which includes all the actors
involved in influencing the decision-making process (such as lobbies, parties, medias), is centered on the
relevant "governing body". Whether the organization is a geopolitical entity (nation-state), a corporate entity
(business entity), a socio-political entity (chiefdom, tribe, family, etc.), or an informal one, its governance is the
way the rules, norms and actions are produced, sustained, and regulated. The degree of formality depends on
the internal rules of a given organization.
Governance is also the establishment of policies, and continuous monitoring of their proper implementation, by
the members of the governing body of an organization. It includes the mechanisms required to balance the
powers of the members (with the associated accountability), and their primary duty of enhancing the prosperity
and viability of the organization.
In the Philippines, Governance in its broadest sense relates to the quality of national and local government,
including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Good governance in East Asia is often cited as a
critical factor in economic development. In the Philippines, everyone from the president to the poorest citizen
knows that the quality of governance has great room for improvement.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

4) What are the principles of good governance? Explain.

LEGITIMACY AND VOICE
Participation all men and women should have a voice in decision-making
Consensus orientation good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in
the best interest of the group and, where possible, on policies and procedures.
DIRECTION
Strategic vision leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and

human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development.
PERFORMANCE
Responsiveness institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders.
Effectiveness and efficiency processes and institutions produce results that meet needs while making the best
use of resources.
ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are
accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders.
Transparency transparency is built on the free flow of information.
FAIRNESS
Equity all men and women have opportunities to improve or maintain their well- being.
Rule of Law legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights.
Source: http://iog.ca/

5) What is the difference between government and governance?

The difference between government and governance may be clarified using an example of a business which
is run by a group of people. The rules and regulations which they follow in order to run the business successfully
are called the management. This involves the experience and the knowledge of the owners working together with
the employees to meet the set target. On a similar pattern, the government is a body of elected representatives
which is headed by a single person. This body makes use of established rules and a principle to efficiently run
the affairs of the country in favor of the people of the nation is called governance.
Governance is what a government does. Governance is the physical exercise of the polity while the government
is the body through which this is done.
Source: highered.mheducation.com/

6) What are the forms of government?

a. according to the number of people holding power
Monarchy - Under a monarchy, meaning rule of one, all governmental power
is traditionally vested in a single ruler, usually a king or queen. However, in
some modern monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, the monarch's function is
largely ceremonial.
Democracy - The term comes from Greek, meaning "rule by many."
In a democracy, the people themselves exercise political power directly,
or through elected representatives.
Oligarchy - Oligarchy means rule by the few, in which a small elite
controls political power. Oligarchic systems range from military
dictatorships to one-party totalitarian systems, such as those in China, North
Korea, and the former Soviet Union.
source: http://threes.com

b. according to the extent of power exercised by the central government

LEGISLATIVE POWER - the power to make laws usually vested to the congress or parliament.
EXECUTIVE POWER - the power to implement or enforced laws, usually vested to the president or prime
minister
Judicial Power- the power to apply, interpret and adjudicate (to make an official decision about an issue) laws.
c. according to the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government:
PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT, both the executive (represented by president) and the Legislature

(represented by senators and the congressmen) rule over the people. The authority to rule comes from the
people voted for them during the elections.
PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT, although both the Executive (Prime Minister) and
Legislature (Parliament) rule over the people, the people elects the members of the parliament and the
parliament chooses the Prime Minister. So the Prime Minister is responsible to the Parliament not to the people.
Source: https://www.scribd.com

7) What are the other types of governments?

Autocracy: Government by a single person having unlimited power; despotism (domination through threat of
punishment and violence)
Bureaucracy: Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with non-elected
officials
GYNECOCRACY: Government by women
KAKISTOCRACY: Government by the least qualified or most unprincipled citizens.
KLEPTOCRACY: A government characterized by rampant greed and corruption
MERITOCRACY: A group of leaders or officeholders selected on the basis of individual ability or achievement
MONOCRACY: Government or rule by a single person; autocracy
OLIGARCHY: A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power
PLANTOCRACY: A ruling class formed of plantation owners, leadership or government by this class of people
PLUTOCRACY: A government or state in which the wealthy rule.
STRATOCRACY: Government by the armed forces
TECHNOCRACY: A government or social system controlled by technicians, especially scientists and technical
experts
THEOCRACY: A government ruled by or subject to religious authority
Source: http://wdb.sad17.k12.me.us/

8) Discuss the history and evolution of government in the Philippines?

1897:BIAK NA BATO CONSTITUTION- 1st Philippine Constitution was enacted The first Philippine constitution
is the Biyak-na-Bato Constitution that was enacted in
1897. It outlined the revolutionary objectives of independence from Spain.
1899: Creation of the MALOLOS CONSTITUTION ordered by the president. A new central government was set
up with executive, legislative and judiciary branches. It governed the First Philippine Republic proclaimed in the
Barasoain Church in the same year.
1934: 1ST PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION UNDER TYDINGS MCDUFFIE LAW-creation of considered first Philippine Constitution drafted by the virtue of Tydings-McDuffie Law during the
commonwealth period (enforced from 1935-1943); the first two constitution were not fully enforced due to the
turbulent times of the early governments What is considered the first Philippine Constitution to be fully enforced
was drafted by the virtue of the Tydings-McDuffie Law in 1934 during the Commonwealth Period. It was enforced
from 1935 - 1943.
1943: THE 1943 CONSTITUTION- During World War II, a short lived constitution was sponsored by the
Japanese invaders within their own program of Japanization.
1946: REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION- as the US granted our political independence; enforced from 19461973
1973: 1973 CONSTITUTION- ratified after the imposition of the martial law on Nov. 29, 1972 in replacement of
the 1935 Constitution for the reason that the needs of the Filipino has eventually changed.
1987: 1987 CONSTITUTION or the FREEDOM CONSTITUTION- led by Corazon Aquino after the reign of
Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1986; this restored the presidential form of government.
To date, the 1987 Constitution still stands, although some sectors have started to lobby for change in certain
provisions as well as the change of the whole constitution.
Source: http://www.pinoysites.org