Application of Hydraulic Cylinder

A hydraulic cylinder usually has only one piston rod. This type of cylinder is referred to
as differential hydraulic cylinder. A feature of this cylinder is that the surface area of the
piston under working pressure differs from the surface area of the piston rod. This
cylinder has a greater pushing force in comparison to the pulling force in the amount of
the surface area ratio. The opposite applies to the speed of the working and return stroke
of the cylinder. The return stroke is faster than the working stroke in the amount of the
surface area ratio. Cylinders with doubleacting piston rods typically have identical
piston surface areas and identical working and return strokes. In agriculture hydraulic
cylinders are used for working machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, loaders.) tractor
attachments, stable equipment and hydraulic wood splitters. Therofore the hydraulic
cylinder have nine of components which are;
1) HIGH STRENGTH CHROME PLATED 17-4 PH STAINLESS STEEL PISTON
ROD
Function ; Piston rods are typically made from hightolerance, hard chrome
plated coldrolled steel. Piston rods are mounted onto the piston on one side and
enter from the cylinder through the cylinder head on the other. An eye or flange is
typically attached to the exterior side of the piston rod. Piston rods can be
tempered, double chromed, hollow or stainless steel.
2) HIGH STRENGTH 17-4 PH STAINLESS STEEL TIE RODS AND TIE ROD
NUTS
Function ; The rod nuts was used for attaching the piston rod to the piston in
certain types of applications.

3) 303/304/316 STAINLESS STEEL FLANGE,HEADS AND CYLINDER TUBE

Function ; cylinder flunge is used in flange connection.The cylinder tube is
typically a seamless forged tube, which is ground and/or honed internally.The

cylinder head is typically attached with a screw connection, but can also be
welded or attached to the barrel with a spring ring. The grooved inside of the
cylinder head contains piston rod seals, a rod wiper and glands.
4) 303/304 STAINLESS STEEL ROD BEARING HOUSING WITH NYLON ROD
BEARING LINER
Function ; Rods bearings are built into the cylinder heads that serve as a
connection and attachment of the cylinder to the load.
5) 303/304 STAINLESS STEEL PISTON WITH NYLON WEARBAND
Function ; The piston divides the cylinders into two chambers. The piston is
sealed with a piston seal guided with guide rings, which prevents the passing of
the oil between the chambers. The pressure difference between both chambers
triggers cylinder movement.
6) Self-aligning adjustable rod end cushion with ball check for fast piston
break-away
7) Self-aligning adjustable cap end cushion with integral check valve for fast piston
break-away
8) Urethane seals for pertroleum based hydraulic fluids. Seal options are available
for high temperature, low friction on non standard fluids.
9) Urethane an style rod wiper optional metallic or double-acting rod wiper
available.

Working Principle
The working mode of cylinders with single acting operation is very simple. The
supply of hydraulic fluid is implemented only on one side, which is why it can be
operated only unilaterally. The return movement in this procedure is usually performed
by a spring and sometimes also by its own weight if the force is not too great. A cylinder
with single acting operation can usually be operated using a diverting valve. Operation
using correct and appropriate components is also possible. There are also hydraulic
cylinders with single acting operation with spring movement to the starting position.
They are especially suitable for low force return movements. The main scope of these
simple hydraulic cylinders are all kinds of breeches. An alternative option is air
suspension.
The most important advantage of cylinders with single acting operation are:
-

smaller moving force,

small installation length,

small force of the return movement.

Hydraulic cylinders with single acting operation do not depend on electricity and are

used particularly for simple tasks like operating flaps or doors, ejection devices or
drawers.
The majority of our hydraulic cylinders are suitable for use within the temperature range
between 25 to 80C. Operating pressure varies according to the product. Piston speed is
very different depending upon the installation length, treatment, material and desired
execution.
Despite their impressive conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical energy, basic
hydraulic cylinders are relatively simple devices. A round, rectangular or oval tube
shaped barrel makes up the main body of the cylinder that houses and connects all of the
components. At one end of this barrel is the cylinder cap, which closes off and seals the
non-moving end of the cylinder.

The cylinder head closes off the other end, but has a round seal through which the
piston rod may move in and out. Double acting cylinders have a cylinder head on both
ends and no end cap. The piston face is a metal disc-like part that fits exactly in the cross
section of a cylinder barrel, dividing the chamber into two smaller compartments. The
piston is essential to the generation of linear motion by means of hydraulic fluid
pressurization. Attached to this is the piston rod. The rod is housed partially within the
barrel, but extends beyond the body through the cylinder head and is attached to the
machine components which must move. Each compartment within the barrel also has a
port through which high pressure hydraulic fluid is introduced and through which unpressurized fluid is returned to a reservoir. Tubing and a pressure vessel are needed to
store and transport the fluid.
When pressurized hydraulic fluids are introduced to the vessel, it presses upon the
piston and engages the attached rod. Direction is determined by what side of the piston
meets with the pressurized fluid. Fluid above the piston will retract the rod, while fluid
below it will cause it to extend. The introduction of various amounts of pressurized
hydraulic fluid on either end controls the movement of the piston, rod and attached load.
Several seals are placed around the piston head, flow valves and cylinder head to ensure
that fluids do not leak into, out of or from one compartment to the other causing a loss of
pressure and decreased functionality.

Comparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems

Usually hydraulic and pneumatic systems and equipment do not compete. They
are so dissimilar that there are few problems in selecting any of them that cannot be
readily resolved. Certainly, availability is one of the important factors of selection but this
may be outweighed by other factors. In numerous instances, for example, air is preferred
to meet certain unalterable conditions, that is, inhot spots where there is an open
furnace or other potential ignition hazard or in operations where motion is required at
extremely high speeds. It is often found more efficient to use a combined circuit in which
oil is used in one part and air in another on the same machine or process.
No.
1

Hydraulic System
It employs pressurized liquid as a fluid

Pneumatic System
It employs a compressed gas, usually air,

An oil hydraulic system operates at

as a fluid
A pneumatic system usually operates at

3
4

pressure up to 700 bar

Generally designed as closed system
The system slow down when leakage

5-10 bar
Usually designed as open system
Leakage does not affect the system much

5
6
7

occurs
Valve operations are difficult
Heavier in weight
Pumps are used to provide pressurized

Valve operations are easy

Lighter in weight
Compressors are used to provide

8
9

liquids
The system is unsafe to fire hazards
Automatic lubrication is provided

compressed gas
The system is free from fire hazards
Special arrangements for lubrication are
needed