FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

1. An organic compd. made of C,H & N contains 20% nitrogen.Its molecular weight is
a. 70 b. 140 c. 100 d. 65
2. Which of the following compd. gives blood red colouration when its Lassaignes extract is treated with alkali &
ferric chloride- a. Thiourea b. Diphenyl sulphide c. Phenyl hydrazine d. Benzamide
3. 0.1 mole of carbohydrate with empirical formula CH2O contains 1 g of hydrogen.What is its molecular formulaa. C5H10O5 b. C6H12O6 c. C4H8O4 d. C3H6O3 e. C2H4O2
4. Which of the following process is suitable for the purification of aniline
a. simple distillation b. fractional distillation c. fractional crystallization d. steam distillation
5. An organic compd. contains C,H & O.Its elemental analysis gave C,38.71 % & H,9.67%.The empirical formula of
compd. would be - a. CH2O b. CHO c. CH4O d. CH3O
6. Fractional distillation is a process by which the separation of different fractions from mixture of a soln is carried by
making use of following property of rxn - a. freezing point b. boiling point c. melting point d. solubility
7. 0.532 g of chloroplatinate of an organic base (mol.wt. 244) gave 0.195 g of Pt on ignition.Then the no. of nitrogen
atoms per molecule of the base is - a. 1
b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8. An organic compd. weighing 0.31 g gave 0.444 g of magnesium pyrophosphate in the estimation of phosphorus
by carius method.The % of P in the compd. is a. 20 b. 60 c. 15 d. 30 e. 40
9. For the purification of organic compd. the latest technique followed is
a. chromatography b. steam distillation c. fractional distillation d. sublimation e. vacuum distillation
10. An organic compd. which produces a bluish green coloured flame on heating in presence of Cu is
a. chlorobenzene b. benzaldehyde c. aniline d. benzoic acid
11. 0.5g of silver salt of an organic acid (molar mass 210) on ignition gave 0.36 g of pure silver.The basicity of acid is
a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4 e. 5
12. The formula of the compd. which gives violet colour in Lassaignes test for sulphur with sodium nitroprusside is
a. Na4[Fe(CN)6S] b. Na4[Fe(CN)5NCS] c. Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS] d. Na2[Fe(CN)5NCS] d. Na4[Fe(CN)5S]
13. Nitrogen is estimated in organic compds. by
a. Dumas method b. Carius method c. Lassaignes method d. none of these
14. Dumas method involves the determination of nitrogen content in the organic compd. in the form of
a. NH3 b. N2 c. NaCN d. (NH4)2SO4
15. In a compd. C,H & N are present in 9:1:3:5 by weight.If molecular mass of the compd. is 108,then molecular
formula of compd. is - a. C2H6N2 b. C3H4N c. C6H8N2
d. C9H12N3

ANSWERS OF PURIFICATION & CHARACTERISATIONMCQs : 1.b 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.d 6.b 7.d 8.e 9. a 10.a 11.a 12.c 13.a 14.b 15.c

PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT

CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com

FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

1. Which of the following hybridization has planar geometry a. sp3d b. dsp3 c. dsp2
d. sp3
2. A mix. of salts (Na2SO3 + K2Cr2O7) in a test tube is treated with dil. H2SO4 & resulting gas is passed through lime
water.Which of the following observations is correct about this test
a. solution in test tube becomes green & lime water turns milky.
b. solution in test tube is colourless & lime water turns milky.
c. solution in test tube becomes green & lime water remains clear
d. solution in test tube remains clear & lime water also remains clear.
3. Which is not correct about chemistry of 3d & 4f series elements
a. 3d-elements show more oxidation states than 4-f series. b. The energy diff. is very little b/n 3d & 4s.
c. Europium(II) is more stable than Ce(II). d. The paramagnetic character in 3D series increases from Sc to Cu.
4. The no. of unpaired e-s in gaseous species of Mn3+,Cr+ & V3+ are . & most stable species is .
a. 4,3 & 2 & V3+ is most stable b. 3,3 & 2 & Cr3+ is most stable
c. 4,3 & 2 & Cr3+ is most stable. d. 3,3 & 3 & Mn3+ is most stable.
5. The oxidant which is used as an antiseptic is a. KBrO3 b. KMnO4 c. CrO3 d. KNO3
6. The catalyst used for olefin polymerization is
a. Ziegler-Natta catalyst b. Wilkinsons catalyst c. Raney nickel d. Merrifield resin
7. Knowing the chemistry of lanthanoids(Ln) is dominated by its +3 oxidation state(O.S),which of the following
statement is incorrect - a. The ionic size of Ln(III) decreases in general with increasing in atomic no.
b. Ln(III) compds. are generally colourless c. Ln(III) hydroxides are mainly basic in character.
d. because of large size of Ln(III) ions,the bonding in its compd. is predominantly ionic in character.
8. In context with transition elements,which of the following statement is correct
a. In highest O.S,transition metals show basic character & form cationic complexes.
b. In highest O.S of 1st five transition elements (Sc to Mn),all the 4s & 3d e-s are used for bonding.
c. Once d5 config. is exceeded,the tendency to involve all 3d e-s in bonding decreases.
d. In addition to normal O.S,zero O.S is also shown by these elements in complexes.
9. On which factors,stability of O.S of lanthanide elements depends
a. enthalpy b. internal energy c. combined effect of hydration & ionization energy d. electronic configuration
10. Potassium dichromate is used
a. in electroplating b. as reducing agent c. in oxidn of Fe2+ to Fe3+ in acid media d. as insecticide
11. Which one of the following d-block elements has half filled penultimate d-subshell as well as half filled valence ssubshell- a. Cr b. Pd c. Pt d. Cu e. Au
12. Which of the following pairs of transition metal ions are stronger oxidizing agents in aq. solution2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
3+
2+
2+
2+
2+
a. V & Cr
b. Ti & Cr
c. Mn & Co
d. V & Fe
e. Ni & Fe
2
2
6
2
6
9
13. The electronic config. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d represents a
a. metal atom b. non-metal atom c. non-metallic anion d. metallic cation
14. The malleability & ductility of metals can be accounted due to
a. capacity of layers of metal ions to slide over the other b. interaction of e-s with metal ions of lattice
c. presence of electrostatic force d. crystalline structure in the metal.
15. Which of the following ions has a magnetic moment of 5.93 B.M (At.No. V=23,Cr=24,Mn=25,Fe=26)2+
2+
2+
3+
3+
a. Mn
b. Fe
c. Cr
d. V
e. Cr
16. In which of the following ions,d-d transition is not possible - a. Ti4+ b. Cr3+ c. Mn2+ d. Cu2+
17. The oxidation state of Cr in chromium trioxide is - a. +3 b. +4 c. +5 d. +6
18. The colour of transition metal ions is due to the presence of unpaired e transitions in the available empty
a. d-orbitals b. p-orbitals c. s-orbitals d. s- & p-orbitals
19. The group of elements in which the differentiating e enters the antepenultimate shell of atom is called
a. f-block elements b. p-block elements c. s-block elements d. d-block elements
20. +3 O.S is most common in - a. Ni(28) b. Fe(26) c. Zn(30) d. Cu(29)
21. The actinoids exhibits more no. of O.S in general than lanthanoids.This is because
a. 5f-orbitals extend further from the nucleus than 4f orbitals b. 5f orbitals are more buried than 4f orbitals.
c. There is similarity b/n 4f & 5f orbitals in their angular part of wave function. d. actinoids are more reactive.
22. Identify the incorrect statement among the following
a. 4f & 5f are equally shielded b. d-block elements show irregular & erratic chemical properties among themselves
c. La & Lu have partially filled d-orbitals d. The chemistry of very lanthanoids are similar.
23. The d-e- config. of Cr2+,Mn2+,Fe2+ & Ni2+ are 3d4,3d5,3d6,3d8.Which one of the following aqua complexes will exhibit
the minimum paramagnetic behavior a. [Cr(H2O)6]2+ b. [Mn(H2O)6]2+ c. [Fe(H2O)6]2+ d. [Ni(H2O)6]2+
24. Which one of the following ions is most stable in aq. solution - a. Mn3+ b. Cr3+ c. V3+ d. Ti3+
25. Which one of the following is not ferromagnetic - a. Co b. Fe c. Mn d. Ni

MCQs (Transition elements):1. c 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.c 10.c 11.a 12. c 13.d 14.a 15.a 16.a 17.d 18.a 19.a
20.b 21. a 22.a 23.d 24.b 25.c

PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT

CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com

FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

1. The five d-orbitals are designated as dxy ,dyz,dxz,dx2-y2 & dz2.Coose the correct statement
a. The shapes of 1st three orbitals are similar but that of the 4th & 5th orbitals are different.
b. The shapes of all five d-orbitals are similar. c. The shapes of all five d-orbitals are different.
d. The shapes of first four orbitals are similar but that of 5th orbital is different.
22. What is (are) number(s) of unpaired e in the square planar [Pt(CN)4] ion a. zero b. 1 c. 4 d. 6
3. In spectrochemical series chlorine is above than water i.e. Cl > H2O , this is due to
a. Good -acceptor properties of Cl . b. Strong -donor & good -acceptor properties of Cl
c. Good -donor properties of Cl
d. Large size of Cl than H2O
2+
4. When EDTA solution is added to Mg ion solution, then which of the following statement is not true
2+
a. Four coordinate sites of Mg are occupied by EDTA & remaining two sites are occupied by water molecules.
b. All six coordinate sites of Mg2+ are occupied. c. pH of the solution is decreased.
d. colourless [Mg-EDTA]2- chelate is formed.
5. For square planar complex of Pt(II),[Pt(NH3)(Br)(Cl)Py]0,how many isomeric forms possible a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6
6. For the given complex [CoCl2(en)(NH3)2]+,the no. of geometrical isomers,the no. of optical isomers & total no. of
isomers of all possible types are - a. 2,2 & 4 b. 2,2 & 3 c. 2,0 & 2 d. 0,2 & 2
7. The crystal field stabilization is highest for a. [CoF4]2- b. [Co(NCS)4]2- c. [Co(NH3)6]3+ d. [CoCl4]2438. The expected spin only magnetic moments for [Fe(CN)6] & [FeF6] are
a. 1.73 & 1.73 B.M b. 1.73 & 5.92 B.M c. 0.0 & 1.73 B.M d. 0.0 & 5.92 B.M
9. The magnitude of CFSE or t in tetrahedral complexes is considerably less than in the octahedral field because
a. There are only 4 ligands instead of 6 so ligand field is only 2/3 the size hence t is only 2/3 of size.
b. The direction of orbitals does not coincide with direction of ligands.This reduces t by further 2/3.
c. Both points a & b are correct
d. Both points a & b are incorrect
10. Which of the following complex ions is expected to absorb visible light
a. [Ti(en)2(NH3)2]4+ b. [Cr(NH3)6]3+ c. [Zn(NH3)6]2+
d. [Sc(H2O)3(NH3)3] 3+
11. Which of the following does not show optical isomerism
a. [Co(NH3)3Cl3]0 b. [Co(en)Cl2(NH3)2]+ c. [Co(en)3]3+ d. [Co(en)2Cl2]+
12. Out of TiF62-,CoF63-,Cu2Cl2 & NiCl42- (Z of Ti = 22,Co=27,Cu=29,Ni=28) colourless species are
a. Cu2Cl2 & NiCl42- b. TiF62- & Cu2Cl2 c. CoF63- & NiCl42- d. TiF62- & CoF63+2
3
3
2
2
13. In Cu-ammonia complex , the state of hybridization of Cu is - a. sp b. d s c. sp d d. dsp
14. Which of the following pair represents linkage isomers
a. [Pd(PPh3)2(NCS)2] & [Pd(PPh3)2(SCN)2] b. [Co(NH3)5NO3]SO4 & [Co(NH3)5SO4] NO3
c. [PtCl2(NH3)4]Br2 & [PtBr2(NH3)4]Cl2
d. [Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] & [Pt(NH3)4][CuCl4]
15. Which of following has optical isomers- a.[Co(en)(NH3)2]2+ b. [Co(en)(H2O)4]3+c.[Co(en)2 (NH3)2]3+d. [Co(NH3)3Cl]+
16. How many e-s are present in 3d orbital of tetrahedral K2[NiCl4] complex - a. 8 b. 10 c. 7 d. 6
0
0
17. The 1 & 2 valencies of Cr in complex ion,dichlorodioxalato chromium(III) are a. 3,4 b. 4,3 c. 3,6 d. 6,3
18. Which of the following complex exhibits the highest paramagnetic behavior (bpy = bipyridyl moities)
+
2+
23+
a. [V(gly)2(OH)2(NH3)2] b. [Fe(en)(bpy)(NH3)2]
c. [Co(ox)2(OH)2]
d. [Ti(NH3)6]
19. The coordination no. & oxidation state of the element E in the complex [E(en)2(C2O4)]NO2 are
a. 6 & 3 b. 6 & 2 c. 4 & 2 d. 4 & 3
20. In which of the following octahedral complexes of Co will the magnitude of 0 be highest
a. [Co(NH3)6]3+ b. [Co(CN)6]3- c. [Co(C2O4)3]3- d. [Co(H2O)6]3+
21. The IUPAC name of [Ni(NH3)4][NiCl4] is
a. Tetrachloronickel(II)-tetraammine nickel(II) b. Tetraamminenickel(II)-tetrachloro nickel(II)
c. Tetraamminenickel(II)-tetrachloronickelate(II) d. Tetrachloronickelate(II)-tetraamminenickelate(II)
22. Both Ni(CO)4 & [Ni(CN)4]2- are diamagnetic.The hybridisationof Ni in these complexes are
a. sp3,sp3 b. sp3,dsp2 c. dsp2,sp3 d. dsp2 , dsp2
3+
23. What will be the theoretical value of magnetic moment when CN ligands join Fe ion to yield complexa. 2.83 BM b. 3.87 c. 5.92 d. 1.73
3+
324. The no. of unpaired e s in [Co(NH3)6] & [CoF6] are a. 4 & 4 b. 0 & 2 c. 2 & 4 d. 0 & 4
n
25. When SCN is added to an aq. sol containing Fe(NO3)3,the complex produced is
a.[Fe(H2O)2(SCN)]2+ b. [Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]2+ c. [Fe(H2O)3(SCN)]2+ d. [Fe(H2O)(SCN)]6+
26. Among the following complexes the one which contains a d6 metal ion is
a. K3[Fe(CN)6] b. K4[Fe(CN)6] c. [Co(NH3)6]Cl2 d. [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
27. Which of the following has geometrical isomers- a.[Co(NH3)3Cl] b. [Co(en)2Cl2]+ c. [Cr(H2O)5Cl]2+ d. [Pt(NH3)3Cl]+
28. Which of following has largest d-orbital splitting energy a. [Co(H2O)6]3+ b.[Fe(H2O)6]3+c. [CrCl6]3- d. [Cr(H2O)6]3+
29. For which of following would it not be possible to distinguish high spin from low spin complexes in octahedral
geometry- a. Co(II) b. Fe(II) c. Co(III) d. Ni (II)

PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT

CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com

FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

1. Hydrogen is an important component of a. laughing gas b. marsh gas c. water gas d. producer gas
2. The statement that is not correct is
a. In a simple galvanic cell,Zn rod is anode b. Mohrs salt is FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O
c. AgCl is sparingly soluble in water because its lattice energy is greater than salvation energy.
d. Bleaching action of H2O2 is due to the reduction process.
3. The presence of potassium ions in solution can be detected by
a. pyroantimonate test b. cobaltinitrite test c. lassaignes test d. molybdate test
4. When microcosmic salt is heated then a. nitrogen is evolved b. sodium metaphosphate & NH3 are obtained.
c. calcium superphosphate is produced
d. NH3 & HCl are evolved.
5. In case of alkali metals,the covalent character decreases in the order
a. MI>MBr>MCl>MF b. MCl>MI>MBr>MF c. MF>MCl>MBr>MI d. MF>MCl>MI>MBr
6.RbO2 is a.peroxide & paramagnetic b. peroxide & diamagnetic
c. superoxide & paramagnetic d. superoxide & diamagnetic
7. The alkali metals form salt-like hydrides by direct synthesis at elevated temp. The thermal stability of these
hydrides decreases in which of the order - a. NaH>LiH>KH>RbH>CsH b. LiH>NaH>KH>RbH>CsH
c. CsH>RbH>KH>NaH>LiH d. KH>NaH>LiH>CsH>RbH
n
8.Sodium peroxide which is a yellow solid,when exposed to air becomes white due to the form of
a. H2O2 b. Na2O c. Na2O & O3 d. NaOH & Na2CO3 e. NaOH & H2O2
9.The order of Molar conductivities of Li+,Na+,K+ & Rb+ ions in aq. soln is
a. Li+>Na+= K+ < Rb+ b. Li+>Na+> K+ =Rb+ c. Rb+>K+>Na+>Li+ d.Li+> Rb+>K+>Na+
10. The carbonate that will not decompose on heating is a. Na2CO3 b. CaCO3 c. BaCO3 d. SrCO3 e. Li2CO3
11. NaOH is a. hygroscopic b. efflorescent c. deliquescent d. photosensitive
12. The magnetic moment of KO2 at room temp. is ..BM
a. 1.41 b. 1.73 c. 2.23 d. 2.64
13. Among the following paramagnetic compd. is a. Na2O2 b. O3 c. N2O d. KO2
14. Brine solution on electrolysis will not give a. NaOH b. Cl2 c. H2 d. O2
15. The ionic mobility of alkali metal ions in aq. solution is maximum for - a. K+ b. Rb+ c. Li+ d. Na+

1. Among the following metallic sulphates,the one which does not yield oxide on heating in air is
a. sodium sulphate b. aluminium sulphate c. zinc sulphate d. magnesium sulphate
2. Lithopone,which is used as a white pigment is a mixture of
a. ZnSO4 & BaSO4 b. ZnS & BaSO4 c. BaS & ZnSO4 d. ZnO & BaO
3. The heats of hydration of Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+ decreases in order
a. Ba2+>Sr2+>Ca2+ b. Sr2+>Ba2+> Ca2+ c. Ca2+>Sr2+>Ba2+ d. Ca2+>Ba2+>Sr2+
4. Electron is an alloy of - a. Mg & Zn b. Fe & Mg c. Ni & Zn d. Al & Zn
5. The set representing the correct order of ionic radius is
+
+
2+
2+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
+
+
+
2+
+
2+
a. Na >Li >Mg >Be b. Li >Na > Mg >Be c. Mg >Be > Li >Na d. Li >Be >Na >Mg
6. Which one of following is used for manufacture of Calciuma. reduction of CaO with C b. reduction of CaO with H2
c. electrolysis of a mixture of anhyd. CaCl2 & CaF2 d. electrolysis of molten Ca(OH)2
7. Which one of the following is correct
a. B2H6.2NH3 is known as inorganic benzene. b. Boric acid is protonic acid.
c. Be exhibits coordination no. 6. d. Chlorides of both Be & Al have bridged chloride structure in solid phase.
8. Which pair of following chlorides do not impart colour to the flame
a. BeCl2 & SrCl2 b. BeCl2 & MgCl2 c. CaCl2 & BaCl2 d. BaCl2 & SrCl2
9. BaSO4 is water insoluble although this is an ionic compd. a. low lattice energy b. high bond energy
c. lattice energy more than solvation energy d. solvation energy is more than lattice energy.
10. Calcium sulphate is sparingly soluble in - a. water b. alcohol c. acetic acid d. benzene
11. The correct order of thermal stability is - a. K2CO3<MgCO3<CaCO3<BeCO3 b. BeCO3<MgCO3< K2CO3 <CaCO3
c. BeCO3<MgCO3<CaCO3<K2CO3 d. MgCO3<BeCO3<CaCO3<K2CO3
12. In which of the following the hydration energy is larger than lattice energya. SrSO4 b. BaSO4 c. MgSO4 d. RaSO4
13. The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power.Which one of the following sequence represents
the increasing order of the polarizing power of cationic speciesa. Ca2+<Mg2+<Be2+<K+ b. Mg2+<Be2+<K+ <Ca2+ c. Be2+<K+ <Ca2+<Mg2+ d. K+ <Ca2+<Mg2+<Be2+
14. Which of the following exists in polymeric form a AlCl3 b. BeCl2 c. SiC d. B2H6
15. Which of the following is dead burnt plaster - a. (CaSO4)2.H2O b. CaSO3 c. CaSO4.2H2O d. anhyd. CaSO4

ANSWER KEY OF s-BLOCK ELEMENTS Alkali metals -1.c 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.d 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.b 13.d 14.d 15.b
Alkaline earth metals -1.a 2.b 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.b 9.c10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.b 15.d
PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT
CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com

FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

1. The thermite process is based on the a. fusion mixture composition b. ability of Al as a reducing agent
c. ability of Al2O3 to decompose at a higher temp. d. low melting nature of aluminium
2. Among the rxns given for B2H6,the one which does not take place
a. B2H6 + HCl
B2H5Cl + H2
b. B2H6 + 2 NH3 HEAT B3N3H6 (Borazine)
c. B2H6 + 2N(CH3)3
2[(CH3)3N.BH3] d. B2H6 + 6 C2H4 H3O+ 3 C2H5OH + 2 B(OH)3
3. The wrong statement among the following is
a. aluminium has high affinity for oxygen. b. anhyd. AlCl3 can be prepared by heating Al in stream of dry HCl gas
c. all Al-Cl bonds in Al2Cl6 are equivalent .d. anhyd. AlCl3 fumes in moist air to give Al(OH)3
4. In Al extraction by Baeyers process,alumina is extracted from bauxite by NaOH at high temp. & pressure
Al2O3(s) + 2OH-(aq) 2AlO2-(aq) + H2O(l) Solid impurities such as Fe2O3 & SiO2 are removed & then Al(OH)4- is
reprecipitated - Al(OH)4- Al2O3.3H2O(s) + 2 OH-(aq) . In the industrial world
n
a. CO2 is added to precipitate the alumina. b. Temp. & pressure are dropped & supersaturated sol seeded.
c. both a & b are practiced
d. The water is evaporated.
5.The bond dissociation energy of B-F in BF3 is 646 kJ/mol whereas that of C-F in CF4 is 515 kJ/mol.The correct
reason for higher B-F bond dissociation energy as compared to that of C-F is
a. stronger -bond b/n B & F in BF3 as compared to C & F in CF4.
b. significant p-p interaction b/n B & F in BF3 whereas no such possibility b/n C & F in CF4.
c. lower degree of p-p interaction b/n B & F in BF3 than b/n C & F.
d. Smaller size of B-atom as compared to C atom.
6. The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in the sequence
a. Ga<In<Al<Tl b. Al<Ga<In<Tl c. Tl< In<Ga<Al d. In<Tl<Ga<Al
7. The ion(s) that act/s as oxidizing agent(s) in solution is/are
a. Tl+ & Al3+ b. B3+ & Al3+ c. Tl3+ only d. B3+ only e. Ti3+ only
8. Which one of the following ore is not an ore of Al - a. anglesite b. Mica c. beryl d. orthoclase
9. Al2O3 can be converted to anhydrous AlCl3 by heating
a. Al2O3 with Cl2 gas b. Al2O3 with HCl gas c. Al2O3 with NaCl in solid state d. A mix. of Al2O3 & C in dry Cl2 gas
10. Borax is used as a cleansing agent because on dissolving in water it gives
a. alkaline soln b. acidic soln c. bleaching soln d. amphoteric soln

1. The correct structure of carbon monoxide is - a. C+ = O- b. C = O c. C = O d. C O

2. The rxn by which CO is estimated is
a. CO + O2 CO2 b. Ni + CO 50C Ni(CO)4 c. CO + NaOH HCOONa d. I2O5 + 5 CO I2+5CO2
3. The diff. in behavior b/n alkanes & silanes is attributed to
a. straight chain nature of hydrides.
b. large size of C compared to Si
c. diff. in bond distances b/n C-H & Si-H d. Si has high energy d-orbitals & the activation energy is high.
4. The straight chain polymer is formed by
a. hydrolysis of CH3SiCl3 followed by condensation polymerization.
b. hydrolysis of (CH3)4Si by addition polymerization
c. hydrolysis of (CH3)2 SiCl2 followed by condensation polymerization
d. hydrolysis of (CH3)3 SiCl followed by condensation polymerization
5. Among the following substituted silanes,the one which will give rise to cross linked silicone polymer on hydrolysis
is R3SiCl b. R4Si c. RSiCl3 d. R2SiCl2
6. Which of the following statement is not correct
a. Si is extensively used as semiconductor. b. Carborundum is SiC
c. Si occurs in free state in nature.
d. Mica contains the element Si.
7. The stability of dihalides of Si,Ge,Sn & Pb increases steadily in the sequence
a. PbX2<SnX2<GeX2<SiX2 b. GeX2<SiX2<SnX2<PbX2 c. SiX2<GeX2<PbX2<SnX2 d. SiX2<GeX2<SnX2<PbX2
8. Which element is not of p-block from the following a. As b. Ga c. Sr d. Po
9. Which type of silicate compd,the beryl is a. cyclic silicate b. chain silicate c. disilicate d. planar silicate
10. The element involving two different gases on rxn with conc. H2SO4 is a. P b. C c. Hg d. S e. Sn
1. Ammonia can be dried by a. conc. H2SO4 b. P2O5 c. anhyd. CuSO4 or anhyd. CaCl2 d. none of above
HEAT
n
2. NH4NO3
N2O + 2H2O in rx shown above
n
a. the oxid no. of nitrogen changes from -3 to +3. b. NH3 is another product.
c. the anion is more oxidizing & NH4+ ion is oxidized to nitrogen in the +1 state
d. the compd. decomposes in the way shown,when used as fertilizer.
3. As we proceed from NH3 to BiH3,which of the following statements is not correct
a. All hydrides are colourless gases. b. The reducing power of the hydrides increases.
c. Their stability decreases.
d. The poisonous nature decreases down the group.
4. Identify the wrong statement about NO,the oxide of nitrogen
a. it is a neutral oxide & not an acid anhydride. b. Readily forms coordinate complexes e.g [Fe(H2O)5NO]2+
c. It has 15 valency e- & is diamagnetic
d. it is unusually stable molecule & doesnt tend to dimerizes in gaseous state
PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT
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5. The following two rxns of HNO3 with Zn are given (eqns are not balanced)
Zn + conc.HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + X + H2O , Zn + dil.HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + Y + H2O, the X & Y are
a. NO2 & NO b. NO2 & NO2 c. NO & NO2 d. NO2 & NH4NO3
6. In Pyrophosphoric acid,H4P2O7,no. of - & d-p bonds are - a. 8 & 2 b. 6 & 2 c. 12 & zero d. 12 & 2
7. The rxn of P4 with X leads selectively to P4O6.The X is
a. dry O2 b. mix. of O2 & N2 c. moist O2 d. O2 in the presence of aq. NaOH
8. In which of the following arrangements,the sequence is not strictly according to the property written against it
a. HF<HCl<HBr<HI (increasing acid strength)
b. NH3<PH3<AsH3<SbH3(increasing basic strength)
st
c. B<C<O<N (increasing 1 I.E)
d. CO2<SiO2<SnO2<PbO2 (increasing oxidizing power)
9. In which of the following molecules/ions BF3,NO2-,NH2- & H2O,the central atom is sp2 hybridized
a. BF3 & NO2- b. NO2- & NH2- c. NH2- & H2O d. NO2- & H2O
10. The % of p-character in the orbitals forming P-P bonds in P4 is - a. 25 b. 33 c. 50 d. 75
11. Regular use of which of following fertilizers increases the acidity of soil
a. ammonium sulphate b. potassium nitrate c. urea d. superphosphate of lime
12. Which of the following is the most basic oxide a. SeO2 b. Al2O3 c. Sb2O3 d. Bi2O3
13. The compd. which has molecular nature in gas phase but ionic in solid state is
a. PCl5 b. CCl4 c. PCl3 d. POCl3
14. Which of the following statement is true
a. H3PO3 is a stronger acid than H2SO3. b. In aq. medium HF is a stronger acid than HCl.
c. HClO4 is a weaker acid than HClO3. d. HNO3 is a stronger acid than HNO2.
0
0
15. The decreasing values of bond angles for NH3 (106 ) to SbH3(101 ) down group 15 of the periodic table is due to
a. increasing bond pair bond pair repulsion b. increasing p-orbital character in sp3
c. decreasing p-orbital character in sp3
d. decreasing electronegativity
1. When ozone is passed through potassium ferrocyanide solutiona. Prussian blue is obtained b. blood red colour is obtained. c. H2O2 is obtained d. oxygen is evolved.
2. 2 HNO3 + H2S 2 NO2 + A + B , the compds. A & B are a. S & H2O b. SO2 & H2 c. NO2 & SO2 d. NO2 & S
3. CO2 does not burn in air & doesnt support combustion,but a burning Mg wire burns in an atmosphere of CO2.This
is because - a. Mg is good oxidizing agent compared to alkaline earth metals.
b. CO2 & CO undergo a reversible oxidative reductive system c. CO2 has a high critical temp.
d. Oxygen is abstracted from CO2 by Mg which is a strongly electropositive metal.
4. Which one of the following pairs of ions cant be separated by H2S in dil. HCl medium
a. Ni2+,Sn4+ b. Al3+,Hg2+ c. Zn2+,Cu2+ d. Ni2+,Cu2+
5. Two types of FXP angles are present in which of the following molecules (X = S,Xe,C)
a. SF4 b. XeF4 c. SF6 d. CF4
6. SF2,SF4 & sF6 have hybridization at sulphur atom respectively as
a. sp2,sp3,sp3d2 b. sp3, sp3,sp3d2 c. sp3, sp3d,sp3d2 d. sp3, spd2, d2 sp3
7. In which pair of species,both species do have the similar geometry
a. CO2,SO2 b. NH3,BH3 c. CO32-,SO32- d. SO42-,ClO48. Which of the following oxides is not expected to react with NaOH - a. BeO b. B2O3 c. CaO d. SiO2
9. The angular shape of ozone molecule consists of
a. 1 & 2 bond b. 2 & 1 ond c. 1 & 2 bond d. 2 & 2 bond
10. H2S is not a/an a. reducing agent b. acidic c. oxidizing agent d. None of these
11. O3 is used for purifying water because
a. it dissociates & release nascent oxygen.
b. it doesnot leave any foul smell like chlorine
c. it kills bacteria,cyst,fungi & act as a biocide. d. All of above
12. In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal a. XeF4 b. BF4
c. SF4 d. SiF4
13. Which is strongest acid a. H2SO4 b. HCl c. HClO4 d. HNO3
14. Which of the following will not be oxidized by ozone - a. KI b. FeSO4 c. KMnO4 d. K2MnO4
15. Which of the following has permanent dipole moment a. BF3 b. SF4 c. SiF4 d. XeF4

1. When Cl2 gas is bubbled through a solution of FeBr2

a. HCl evolved b. HBr evolved c. Br2 evolved d. FeBr2 formed
2. Which of the following displaces Br2 from an aq. soln containing bromide ion - a. Cl- b. Cl2 c. I3- d. I2
3. If I2 is dissolved in aq. KI,the intense yellow species,I3 is formed.The structure of I3 is
a. square pyramidal b. trigonal bipyramidal c. octahedral d. pentagonal bipyramidal
4. The stability of interhalogen compds. follows the order
a. IF3>BrF3>ClF3 b. BrF3>IF3>ClF3 c. ClF3>BrF3>IF3 d. ClF3>IF3>BrF3
5. In which case,the order of acidic strength is not correct
a. HI>HBr>HCl b. HIO4>HBrO4>HClO4 c. HClO4>HClO3>HClO2 d. HF>H2O>NH3
6. Among the following which is strongest oxidizing agent - a. Cl2 b. F2 c. Br2 d. I2
7. Aq. solution of Na2S2O3 on reaction with Cl2 gives
a. Na2S4O6 b. NaHSO4 c. NaCl d. NaOH
8. Which one of the following does not give correct picture of trends indicated against it
a. F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 (bond dissociation energy) b. F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 (electronegativity)
c. F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 (oxidizing power)
d. Cl2> F2>Br2>I2 (e- gain enthalpy)
9. In which of the following pairs,two species are isostructural
a. BrO3- & XeO3 b. SF4 & XeF4 c. SO32- & NO3- d. BF3 & NF3
10. Identify the correct statement among the following
a. Br2 reacts with hot & strong NaOH soln to give NaBr,NaBrO4 & H2O
b. Ozone reacts with SO2 to give SO3. c. Si reacts with NaOH(aq.) in presence of air to give Na2SiO3 & H2O
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d. Cl2 reacts with excess of NH3 to give N2 & NH4Cl
11. In which of the following molecules are all the bonds not equal a. NF3 b. ClF3 c. BF3 d. AlF3
+
+
12. The isoelectronic pair is a. Cl2O,ICl2 b. Cl2 ,ClO2 c. IF2 , I3 d. ClO2 ,ClF2
13. Which two of following salts are used for preparing iodized salt i. KIO3 ii. KI iii. I2 iv. HI
a. i & ii b.i & iii c. ii & iv d. iii & iv
14. Which products are expected from disproportionation rxn of hypochlorous acid
a. HClO3 & Cl2O b. HClO2 & HClO4 c. HCl & Cl2O d. HCl & HClO3
15. Which of the following represents the correct order of e gain enthalpy
a. F<Cl<O<S b. S<O<Cl<F c. O<S<F<Cl d. Cl<F<S<O

1. Perxenate ion is - a. XeO64- b. HXeO4- c. XeO42- d. XeO42. Which one of the following rxn of Xe compds are not feasiblea. 3XeF4 + 6H2O 2Xe + XeO3+12HF+1.5 O2 b. 2XeF2+2H2O 2 Xe + 4HF + O2
c. XeF6 + RbF Rb[XeF7]
d. XeO3 + 6HF XeF6 + 3 H2O
3. Which type of bond is present in Xe molecule
a. covalent b. ion-dipole c. van der Waals d. Dipole dipole
4. In which of the following pairs,two species are isostructural
22a. XeF2,IF2 b. NH3 & BF3 c. CO3 & SO3 d. PCl5 & ICl5
5. XeF4 & XeF6 are expected to be a. oxidizing b. reducing c. unreactive d. strongly basic
6. The structure of XeO3 is - a. linear b. planar c. pyramidal d. T-shaped
7. Argon is used in welding because of its
a. low reactivity with metals b. ability to lower the m.pt of metal c. flammability d. high calorific value
8. Total no. of lone pair of e- in XeOF4 is - a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
9. The molecular shapes of SF4,CF4 & XeF4 are
a. same with 2,0 & 1 lone pairs of e s on the central atom. b. same with 1,1& 1 lone pair of e on cental atom.
c. different with 0,1&2 lone pair of e on central atom.
d. different with 1,0&2 line pairs of e on central atom
10. Among the following molecules , i. XeO3 ii. XeOF4 iii. XeF6 ,those having same no. of lone pairs on Xe are
a. i & ii only b. i & iii only c. ii & iii only d. i,ii & iii

ANSWERS OF p-BLOCK ELEMENTS Boron family - 1.b 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.b 6.b 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.a
Carbon family-1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.d 8.c 9.a 10.b
Nitrogen family 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.a 10.d 11.a 12.d 13.a 14.d 15. d
Oxygen family 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.c 9.b 10.c 11.d 12.c 13. c 14.c 15. b
Halogen family 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6. b 7.b 8.a 9. a 10.a 11.b 12.d 13.a 14. d 15.d
Noble gases 1. a 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.d 10.d

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1. Which of the following polymer is prepared from caprolactam a. Nylon 6,6 b. Nylon 6,10 c. Nylon 6 d. Nylon 11
2. Given the polymers : A = Nylon,B=Buna-S,C=polythene.Arrange these in increasing order of their intermolecular
forces (lower to higher) - a. A>B>C b. B>C>A c. B<C<A d. C<A<B
3. Which polymers occur naturally a. starch & nylon b. starch cellulose c. protein & nylon d. proteins & PVC
4. Buna-N synthetic rubber is a copolymer of
a. H2C=CH-CH=CH2 & C6H5CH=CH2
b. H2C=CH-CN & H2C=CH-CH=CH2
c. H2C=CH-CN & H2C=CH-C(CH3)=CH2 d. H2C=CH-C(Cl)=CH2 & H2C=CH-CH=CH2
5. Structures of some common polymers are given.Which one is not correctly represented
a. Neoprene [-CH2-C(Cl)=CH-CH2-CH2-]n
b. Terylene -[-OC-COOCH2CH2-O-]nc. Nylon 66 [-NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4-CO-]n- d. Teflon (-CF2-CF2-)n6. Among cellulose,poly(vinyl chloride),nylon & natural rubber,the polymer in which the intermolecular force of
attraction is weakest is - a. nylon b. poly(vinyl chloride) c. cellulose d. natural rubber
7. Bakellite is obtained from phenol by rxn with - a. HCHO b. (CH2OH)2 c. CH3CHO d. CH3COCH3
8. Chain transfer reagent is - a. CCl4 b. CH4 c. O2 d. H2
9. Which one of the following statement is not true
a. Buna-S is a copolymer of butadiene & styrene b. Natural rubber is a 1,4-polymer of isoprene
c. In vulcanization,formn of S bridge b/n different chains makes rubber harder & stronger.
d. Natural rubber has the trans-configuration at every double bond.
10. Which of the following polymer is formed by condensation polymerization
a. styrene b. nylon 66 c. Teflon
d. rubber
11. Natural rubber is the polymer of
a. Butadiene b. ethyne c. Styrene d. Isoprene
12. Which of the following is fully fluorinated polymer
a. neoprene b. Teflon
c. Thiokol
d. PVC
13. Which is not a polymer
a. Sucrose b. Enzyme c. Starch d. Teflon
14. Which of the following is a polyamide
a. Teflon b. Nylon-66 c. terylene
d. Bakelite
15. [-NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO-]n- is a a. homopolymer b. copolymer c. addition polymer d. thermosetting polymer
16. Which of the following is biodegradable polymer
a. cellulose b. polythene c. polyvinyl chloride d. nylon-6
17. Which of the following is a chain growth polymer
a. starch b. nucleic acid c. polystyrene d. proteins
18. Which of the following is currently used as a tyre cord
a. terylene b. polyethylene c. polypropylene d. Bakelite e. Nylon-6
19. Nylon threads are made up of
a. polyethylene polymer
b. polyvinyl polymer
c. polyester polymer
d. polyamide polymer
20. Which one of the following monomers gives the polymer neoprene on polymerization
a. CH2=CHCl
b. CCl2=CCl2 c. CH2=CCl-CH=CH2 d. CF2=CF2

Answers of Polymer
1.c 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.a 8.a 9.d 10.b 11.d 12.b 13.a 14. b 15.b 16.a 17.c 18.e 19.d 20.c

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1. Green chemistry means such rx which

a. are related to the depletion of ozone layer.
b. study the reactions in plants
c. produce colour during reactions
d. reduce the use & production of hazardous chemicals
2. The process of eutrophication is due to
a. increase in conc. of insecticide in water .
b. increase in conc. of fluoride ion in water.
c. the reduction in conc. of dissolved oxygen in water due to phosphate pollution in water.
d. attack of younger leave of a plant by peroxyacetyl nitrate.
e. increase in conc. of radioactive aubstances in water
3. The environment friendly method of killing harmful insects is through the use of
a. insecticides b. sex attractants c. sex hormones d. pesticides e. antibiotics
4. Identify the wrong statement in the following
a. acid rain is mostly because of oxides of N & S
b. chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for ozone layer depletion
c. Green house effect is responsible for global warming
d. Ozone layer does not permit infrared radiations from sun to reach the earth.
5. The atmospheric gas which cant produce green house effect is
a. N2 b. H2O c. CO2 d. O3
6. Which of the following is not a green house gas
a. CO2 b. CH4 c. O3 d. N2 e. CCl2F2
7. High conc. of fluoride is poisonous & harmful to bones & teeth in levels over
a. 1 ppm b. 3 ppm c. 5 ppm d. 10 ppm
8. In antartica ozone depletion is due to the formation of following compds.
a. Acrolein b. peroxy acetyl nitrate c. SO2 & SO3 d. Chlorine nitrate e. formaldehyde
9. Ozone in stratosphere is depleted by
a. CF2Cl2 b. C2F16
c. C6H6Cl6 d. C6H6
10. The smog is essentially caused by the presence of
a. O2 & O3 b. O3 & N2 c. oxides of S & N d. O2 & N2
11. When rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm,the collected rain water will have pH value
a. slightly higher than that when thunderstorm is not there.
b. Uninfluenced by occurrence of thunderstorm
c. Which depends upon the amount of dust in air
d. Slightly lower than that of rain water without thunderstorm
12. Surface water contains
a. salt + organic matter b. only salt c. organic matter d. suspended impurity
13. Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere from oxtgen by the action of
a. ultraviolet rays b. cosmic rays c. free radicals d. nitrogen oxides e. thermal radiation from sunlight
14. The green house effect is caused by
a. NO2 b. NO c. CO d. CO2
15. Which of the following causes damage to the building containing Calcium & responsible for cough & choking in
human a. sulphur b. carbon c. nitrogen dioxide d. sulphur dioxide
ANSWERS OF ENVIORNMENTAL CHEMISTRY1.d 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.a 14. d 15.d

PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT

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1. The role of phosphate in detergent powder is to

a. control pH level of detergent water mixture.
b. remove Ca2+ & Mg2+ ions from water that cause the hardness of water.
c. provide whiteness to the fabrics.
d. form solid detergents as phosphateless detergents are liquid in nature.
2. Which of the following statements is not true
a. pheromones are secreted outside the body of the insects.
b. aspirin is analgesic as well as antipyretic.
c. Sucrose is a dipeptide commonly known as aspartame.
d. The DNA assists in the synthesis of RNA molecule.
3. The oxidant which is used as an antiseptic is
a. KBrO3 b. KMnO4 c. CrO3 d. KNO3
4. Which of the following is employed as a tranquilizer
a. naproxen b. tetracycline c. chloropheniramine d. equanil
5. Which of the following statements is not true
a. some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic at low concentration.
b. Sulphadiazine is a synthetic antibacterial.
c. Pheromones provide chemical means of establishing communication
d. Aspirin is analgesic & antipyretic.
e. Norethindrone is a pheromone.
6. Which among the following is not an antibiotic
a. penicillin b. oxytocin c. ofloxacin
d. tetracycline
7. Pick out the statement which is not true
a. Tetrazine is a harmful edible colour.
b. Alitame is an artificial sweetner.
c. BHT is an antioxidant
d. Sodium alkyl sulphate is a cationic detergent.
e. The performance of a rocket propellant is measured in terms of specific impulse.
8. Detergents are known to pollute rivers & water ways.However,detergents can be made biodegradable & pollution
free by taking
a. cyclic hydrocarbon chain
b. shorter hydrocarbon chain
c. unbranched hydrocarbon chain
d. hydrocarbon with more branching
e. benzenoid hydrocarbon
9. Which of the following is used as a morning after pill
a. Norethindrone b. Ethynylestradiol c. Mifepristone d. Bithional e. Promethazine
10. Among the following sweetners which one has the lowest sweetness value
a. alitame b. aspartame c. saccharin d. sucralose
11. Tincture of iodine is
a. aq. solution of I2
n
b. sol of I2 in aq. KI
c. alcoholic soln of I2
d. aq. solution of KI
12. Which of the following drugs reduce fever
a. Analgesic b. Antipyretic c. Antibiotic d. Tranquiliser
13. The correct structure of paracetamol is
a. HO -CONH2
b. HO-NHCOCH3 c. Cl-CONH2
d. Cl14. Barbituric acid & its derivatives are well known as
a. tranquillizers b. antiseptics c. analgesics
d. antipyretics e. antibiotics
15. Which of the following is not a broad spectrum antibiotic
a. tetracycline b. chloromycetin c. penicillin d. none of these

-NHCOCH3

ANSWERS OF CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.e 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.c 10.b 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.a 15.c

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BIOMOLECULES are chemicals required for the normal life process. E.g. carbohydrates , proteins , DNA lipids etc.
CARBOHYDRATES - These are the polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone which give them on hydrolysis.
CLASSIFICATION- 1. MONOSACCHARRIDES 2. OLIGOSACCHARIDES 3.POLYSACCARIDES
1.MONOSACCHARIDES : These are those carbohydrate which can not be hydrolysed
to smaller carbohydrates. G.F. = (CH2O)n
n=3 - 7
2. OLIGOSACCCHARIDES : These are those carbohydrate which on hydrolysis give
2-10 monosaccharides. e.g. Sucrose (C12H22O11), maltose (C12H22O11),lactose.
(a) Disaccharides : These are those carbohydrate which on hydrolysis give 2 monosaccharides. e.g. Sucrose
(C12H22O11), maltose (C12H22O11),lactose.
(b)Trisaccharides : These are those carbohydrate which on hydrolysis give 3 monosaccharides. e.g. Raffinose.
3.Polysaccharides : These are those carbohydrate which on hydrolysis give large monosaccharides. e.g.
starch , cellulose.
Six membered ring structure is known as Pyranose structure ( from Pyran) & five membered ring
structure is known as Furanose structure (* from Furan ).
CLASSIFICATION OF MONOSACCHARIDES
A . (a) Aldose : These are the monosaccharides having aldehyde group.
Types :(1) Aldotriose : D-Glyceraldehyde
(b) Ketose : These are the monosaccharides having ketone group.
Types: (1) Ketotriose : Di hydroxy acetone
B. (a) D- nomenclature : If on the last chiral C atom , OH or NH2 gp. on R.H.S ,than it is known as D-compound.
(b) L- nomenclature : If on the last chiral C atom OH or NH2 gp. on L.H.S, than it is known as L-compound.
D & L nomenclature is a relative nomenclature & is based upon the structure of
DGlyceraldehyde

Monosaccharides exist in hemiacetal cyclic structure or hemiketal cyclic structure

ANOMERS : These are the stereoisomers which differ from each other on 1st chiral C-atom. This 1st chiral C-atom is
known as anomeric C-atom.
TYPES: a. -Anomer : These are those anomers in which OH gp on 1st chiral C atom is on R.H.S.
b. - Anomers : These are those anomers in which OH gp on 1st chiral C atom is on L.H.S
C. (a) REDUCING SUGAR : These are those carbohydrates which can reduce Tollens reagent & Fehling solution
All monosaccharides & disaccharides except SUCROSE are reducing sugars .
(b) NONREDUCING SUGAR: These are those carbohydrates which can not reduce Tollens reagent & Fehling
solution . Carbohydrates other than monosaccharides & disaccharides excluding SUCROSE are non
reducing sugrs .
Reducing nature is due to the presence of hemiacital C-atom or anomeric OH gp.
GALACTOSE: It differ from Glucose at 4th OH arrangement.
GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE: This is the linkage which is formed b/n a carbohydrate and OH gp.

If the linkage involve configuration , then it is glycosidic . If then it is - glycosidic linkage.

Maltose = C4 () - C1() Glucose linkage. Sucrose = C1() - C2()
Glucose
fructose
Lactose = C1() galactose - C4()glucose
Mutarotation is the change in sp. Rotation of an optically active compd. to an eqm mixture with the passage of time.
Glucose
open chain
Glucose
o
52.1
19
PROTEINS - These are biopolymers which are made up of amino acid ( amino acid ).

R CH COOH
NH2
ZWITTER ION: Protein exist as a dipolar ion in which NH2 gp. acquire a H+ and COOH gp. lose the proton .
ISOELECTRIC POINT: In the acidic solution , the amino acid exist as cation and hence migrate towards cathode.
PEPTIDE BOND: It is the bond formed b/n NH2 gp. of one amino acid and COOH gp. of other amino acid .
DIPEPTIDE : These amino acids are formed by the combination of two amino acids by the removal of one H2O.
POLYPEPTIDE:. These are the compounds formed by the combination of large number of amino acids. If their
molecular mass becomes more than 10000, then it is known as protein.
N terminal amino acid: These are the amine acid in which free NH2 gp. is present.
C terminal amino acid: These are the amino acid in which free -COOH gp. is present
TYPES OF PROTEINS
1. SIMPLE PROTEINS :These are those proteins which on hydrolysis give only amino acids.
2. CONJUGATE PROTEINS : These are those proteins which on hydrolysis give amino acids & some other groups
The other attached part is called as PROSTHATIC GROUP.
3. DERIVED PROTEINS : These are the hydrolysed part of simple & conjugate proteins.
DENATURATION : When protein is heated or treated with acid it gets coagulated or precipitated & loses its
biological activity and this is known as denatured protein.
o
o
Denaturation involve splitting of 2 structure ( H bond ) in to 1 insoluble fibrous protein.
RENATURATION: It involve conversion of denatured protein to normal soluble protein by giving the same
condition of temperature and pressure and pH in which native protein was stable.
NUCLEIC ACID-These are biopolymer made up of (a) Pentose sugar (b) Nitrogenous base (c) Phosphoric acid
Bonding in NUCLEIC ACID - Phosphoric acid - Sugar Nitrogenous base.
PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT
CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com

FOR ALL THE GATE ,ENGINEERING & MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS (PICS )

SUGAR : Two type of sugar: Ribose, C5H10O5 & De-oxyribose sugar, C5H10O4
NITROGENOUS BASE:
1. Purine : a. Adenine
b. Guanine
2. Pyrimidene : a. Uracil b. Thyamine c. Cytosine
TYPE OF NUCLEIC ACID:
A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( DNA)
B. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Structure of DNAo
o
1 STRUCTURE: The 1 structure represents sequence of N base in DNA or RNA.In this structure of nucleic acid,
the N-base is attached to the sugar by the C1 of sugar .The phosphoric acid is attach to C5 of one sugar and C3 of
other sugar.
Back bone is of Ribose sugar and Phosphoric acid.
2o STRUCTURE OF DNA: It was Given by Watson .DNA consist of double strand of nucleotide. In which N. base of
both strand gets pair up with each other in such a way that A with T ( by 2 H-bond) , G with C (by 3 H bond )
(base pairing principle ). The 2 strand run in opposite way. Distance b/n 2 N-base is 1.34 Ao and b/n 2 turn 34 Ao
DNA- REPLICATION: It is the process by which DNA molecule form 2 copies of itself and this phenomenon is also
known as cell division or Replication.
LIPIDS- These are the biomolecules which are insoluble in water or polar solvent . These are of 3 types:
( a ) Triglycerides ( b ) Phospholipid
( c ) Wax

These are biocatalyst which are used to catalyze reaction without undergoing any change
The protein by which they are made up is globular. Some time , enzymes are associated with non
proteinous part , which is known as Co enzyme.
CHARACTERSTICS
1. SPECIFICITY: They are specific in their action. A particular type of enzyme can catalyst only a particular
type of reaction.
O
UREASE
NH2 C NH2
NH3 + CO2
2. EFFICIENCY: Efficiency of enzyme is the extent up to which a catalyst can Increases the rate of reaction
20
Enzyme can increases rate of reaction up to 10 times.
3. They are affected by pH and temperature . The enzyme lost their action at high temperature.
4. Their action is inhibited by certain substance called enzyme inhibitor.
GENE: It represent the segment of DNA which synthesis particular protein. For every protein there present a gene
in or body. The relationship b/n nucleotide and aminoacid is called Genetic code.
MUTATION: The change in sequence of amino acid which alter the synthesis of particular protein .This is due to
environmental factors like X rays.

1. Which of the following hormone contains iodine a. testosterone b. adrenaline c. thyroxine d. insulin
2. The no. of disulphide linkage present in insulin are a. 3 b. 4 c. 1 d. 2
3.The segment of DNA which acts as the instruction manual for the synthesis of protein is
a. ribose b. gene c. nucleoside d. nucleotide
4. -D(+)-glucose & -D(+)glucose are a. enantiomer b. conformers c. epimers d. anomers
5. If one strand of DNA has sequence ATGCTTGA ,the sequence in the complementary strand would be
a. TCCGAACT b. TACGTAGT c. TACGAACT d. TAGCTAGT e. TACGAATC
6. Which of the following is an amine hormone a. Oxypurin b. insulin c. progesterone d. Thyroxine
7. Cellulose is soluble in a. ammonical cupric hydroxide solution b. organic solvents c. water d. none of these
8. Which amino acid has phenolic OH group as its backbone a. glycine b. leucine c. serine d. tyrosine
9. The vitamine which is neither soluble in water nor in fat is a. biotin b. phylloquinone c. thiamine d. ergocalciferol
10.One of the different amino acids which can be synthesized in the body is
a. lysine b. histidine c. valine d. phenylalanine e. alanine
11.Which of the following statement is true
a. DNAs are nucleotides & RNAs are nucleosides. b. Nucleoside + phosphate ester bond = nucleotide
c. Nucleotide + phosphate ester bond = nucleoside d. None of these
12. RNA & DNA are chiral molecules,their chirality is due to
a. D-sugar component b. L-sugar component c. chiral bases
d. chiral phosphate ester unit
13. Which of the following statement is incorrect for sucrose
a. It is obtained from cane sugar.
b. it is not a reducing sugar.
c. On hydrolysis,it gives equal amounts of D-glucose & D-fructose.
0
d. It gives aspartame when it is heated at 210 C.
14. Which of the vitamin is water soluble
a. vitamine E b. vitamine K c. vitamine A d. vitamine B
15. The secondry structure of protein refers toa. fixed config. of polypeptide back bone. b. -helical backbone
c. hydrophobic interactions
d. sequence of -amino acids

ANSWERS OF BIOMOLECULES -1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5.c 6.d 7. a 8.d 9.a 10.e 11. b 12.a 13.d 14. d 15. b

PRADEEP SHARMA, INSTITUTE OF COMPETITIVE STUDIES, SECTOR 15 , SONEPAT

CONTACT NUMBER : 0130 2231322 , E mail : pradeepsharma1976@gmail.com