1

- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools

33

ECG sensor

Internet
Motion sensor

Motion sensor
Motion sensor

Home/daily-life devices
Business and
Public infrastructure
Health-care

- Complex and heterogeneous

resources and networks

 Extensions
More nodes, more connections
Any TIME, Any PLACE + Any THING
M2M, IoT
Billions of interconnected devices,
Everybody connected.

Expansions
Broadband
LTE, 5G

Enhancements
Smart networks
Data-centric and content-oriented networking
Context-aware (autonomous) systems

 Extending the current Internet and providing

connection, communication, and inter-networking
between devices and physical objects, or
"Things," is a growing trend that is often referred
to as the Internet of Things.
The technologies and solutions that enable
integration of real world data and services into
the current information networking technologies
are often described under the umbrella term of
the Internet of Things (IoT)

Billions of devices, sensors, and chips that are able to communicate

via the Internet makes up The Internet of Things
The Internet of Things refers to uniquely
identifiable objects (things) and their virtual
representations in an Internet-like structure.
Wikipedia (link)

The Internet of Things is the network of

physical objects that contain embedded
technology to communicate and sense or
interact with their internal states or the external
environment. Gartner (link)
Internet-of-Things (IoT) provides the foundational infrastructure for a smarter
planet, and offers significant growth opportunities in IT, infrastructures and
services IBM (link)
10

P. Barnaghi, A. Sheth, Internet of Things, The story so far, IEEE IoT Newsletter, September 2014.

11

12

Source: CISCO

13

6%
50.1

50

5%

42.1
40

34.8
28.4

30

3%

22.9
18.2

20
10

14.4
8.7

2%

11.2

Penetration Rate (%)

Connected Objects, World (bn)

60

0%
2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Connected Objects

2017

2018

2019

2020

Penetration (RHS)

Penetration of connected objects in total things

expected to reach 2.7% in 2020 from 0.6% in 2012
Source: CCS, 2013

14

15

Cheap sensors Sensor prices have dropped to an average 60 cents

from $1.30 in the past 10 years.
Cheap bandwidth The cost of bandwidth has also declined
precipitously, by a factor of nearly 40X over the past 10 years.
Cheap processing Similarly, processing costs have declined by
nearly 60X over the past 10 years, enabling more devices to be not just
connected, but smart enough to know what to do with all the new data
they are generating or receiving.
Smartphones Smartphones are now becoming the personal gateway
to the IoT, serving as a remote control or hub for the connected home,
connected car, or the health and fitness devices consumers are
increasingly starting to wear.

16

Ubiquitous wireless coverage With Wi-Fi coverage now ubiquitous,

wireless connectivity is available for free or at a very low cost, given WiFi utilizes unlicensed spectrum and thus does not require monthly
access fees to a carrier.

Big data As the IoT will by definition generate voluminous amounts of

unstructured data, the availability of big data analytics is a key enabler.
IPv6 Most networking equipment now supports IPv6, the newest
version of the Internet Protocol (IP) standard that is intended to replace
IPv4. IPv4 supports 32-bit addresses, which translates to about 4.3
billion addresses a number that has become largely exhausted by all
the connected devices globally. In contrast, IPv6 can support 128-bit
addresses, translating to approximately 3.4 x 1038 addresses an
almost limitless number that can amply handle all conceivable IoT
devices.
17

18

Internet of
things at
peak

19

20

21

22

23

Connected Car: Presence of devices within a automobile that connects the devices to
other devices within the automobile and/or devices and services outside it

Connected Car Services

Lead to my destination
Keep me safe
Guide me to drive safely
and economically
Keep my car secure
Keep me informed and
avoid distraction
Monitor, maintain and fix
my car

Keep my car updated ad

relevant
Keep me connected to
home and friends
Allow me to be productive
Keep me entertained
Help me control my car
remotely
Help me manage my
business

Youtube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoZHPZ1CXkk

24

http://www.gsma.com/
HARMAN survey: Users want connected car services; Ready
to pay for voice control
http://novero-automotive.com/

25

 Stage 1: Sensors (Chipsets in cars) -> Central chip

in car -> Cloud of Automobile OEM (via a wi-fi
hotspot or 3G SIM card) for predictive
maintenance
Car owner can sign in with the Telecom service
provider whose SIM card is in the car

Stage 2: Automobile OEM -> Message to car

owner via a Branded App
Stage 3: After the consent of Car Owner,
diagnostics information flows to Insurance
company
26

 Stage 1: A small wi-fi module (in car placed by OEM) ->

cloud owned by Local Govt
Stage 2: This module <-> Cars on the road (exchanges
information about traffic, weather, security) -> beams
on smartphone or telematic display in the car
Stage 2.1: Govt could allow malls/retailers -> push sales
message to cars (with appropriate consent from Car
Owner)
Stage 2.2: Tracking vehicle driving habits for security.
Ambulance and Police services can be made more efficient
Stage 2.3: Cashless toll and vehicle re-routing during
emergency

27

28

29

30

People forget to turn down the thermostat

Poor remote management
Poor electricity management
Poor automatic temperature regulation

31

32

33

34

 Business World Magazine 25th August

Edition;http://www.businessworld.in/web/guest/magazine?datec=2014August-05&imageId=1472980
MIT Technology Review;
http://www.technologyreview.com/businessreport/the-internet-ofthings/free/
Nest Learning Thermostat Efficiency Simulation: Update Using Data from
First Three Months, Whitepaper, Published by Nest Labs, April 2012.
Goldman Sachs IoT Primer, September 2014, The Internet of Things:
Making sense of the next mega-trend
Cisco - http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/iot/overview.html
Lecture Series on IoT; Dr Payam Barnaghi, Dr Chuan H Foh, Institute for
Communication Systems, Electronic Engineering Department, University of
Surrey
The Internet of Things: The Story So Far; Payam Barnaghi and Amit Sheth,
IEEE Spectrum Journal.
35

36

Accounts for 52% of incremental

connected objects in 2013-20

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2,508

3,129

3,849

4,656

5,525

6,414

7,269

8,030

6.9

8.6

10.5

12.8

15.1

17.6

19.9

22.0

286,350

357,239

439,420

531,558

Per minute (units)

4,773

5,954

7,324

8,859

10,512

12,203

13,830

15,278

Per second (units)

80

99

122

148

175

203

231

255

Per annum (mn)

Per day (mn)
Per hour (units)

630,713 732,196 829,825 916,674

37

38

39