Ontelolaatat rakenteissa Elematic 13.5.

08
Perustietoja
Materiaalit
Suunnitteluperusteet
Palonkestvyys
Ulokelaatat
Eristetyt laatat
Kavennetut laatat
Laattojen reiitys
Laattojen tuenta
Ongelmia (luistot, halkeamat, jne.

Materiaalit

Concrete:
C35/45 to C50/60 [C60/75] utilized
Characteristic compressive strength is
3560 MPa

Strands:
Characteristic tensile strength for strands
is 16701860 MPa
Pre-stress level is 9001100 MPa
Marking Y1860S7-12,5
Yielding strength 15001640 MPa

Materiaalit

Materiaalit

Suunnitteluperusteet

Depth of unit (max span-to-depth-ratio =

35)
Strand pattern
Degree of prestress

Materiaalit

Materiaalit

Suunnitteluperusteet

Hc-slabs act as a one way simply

supported slab or a beam

Hc-slabs are designed as a series of Isection beams with semi circular or

parallel sided webs

only pre-stressed tendons in the direction of the span

no transverse reinforcement

no stirrups

Suunnitteluperusteet
SLS design
Behaviour in SLS is improved by the pre-stressing
Crack-free or controlled crack widths
Crack formation in the transmission zone is unacceptable

ULS design
Bending capacity is hardly improved due to pre-stressing
Shear capacity is improved by the pre-stressing

Special design considerations

Composite floor structures
Restrained and non-rigid supports

Balanced failure design of hcs

Y1860S7-12,5
p [N/mm2]

p in SLS
pu in ULS

fpk/p
fp0,1k/p

pu = p + p
fpd/Ep

Ncu = Npu

ud

p []

Suunnitteluperusteet

Web shear tension cracking

Cracking starts in the web near the support

Diagonal crack propagates both in the upward and

downward directions

And leads to a brittle failure

SLS design: limits

a)

a) Flexural tensile cracking

b) Excessive flexural tensile crack width

b)

c) Excessive flexural shear crack width

u>umax

d) Excessive flexural deformation

(uncracked)

c)
u>umax

e) Excessive flexural deformation

(cracked)

d)
w>wmax

w>wmax

e)

ULS design: bending

a)

a) Flexural tensile cracking

b) Yielding (rupture) of strands
b)

c) Flexural compression failure

d) Flexural tensile cracking of top fibre

c)

e) (Excessive deflections)

d)

e)
w>wmax

ULS design: shear + local failure

a) Flexural shear cracking

a)

b) Anchorage failure
c) Flexural shear compression failure

b)

d) Web shear tension failure

e) Longitudinal web shear cracking or
longitudinal shear cracking at strand level
f)

c)

Web shear compression failure

d)

e)

f)

Suunnitteluperusteet

How long will be the floor span?

Live load
[kN/m2]

Floor plank

Hollow core

Double tee

Span [m]

Special design considerations

Composite floor structures

Restrained and non-rigid
supports

Palonkestvyys

Fire resistance hollow core floors

Analysis by calculation
Hollow core slabs should always be
connected to the supporting structure

Tie bar 12 mm

Temperature curves / axis distance

Fire insulation needed

Calculation model for slabs at ULS in fire

2003

2003

Fire resistance hollow core floors

Fire resistance hollow core floors

Tabulated
Tabulated
data
data

Minimum
slab
thickness
distance
Minimum
slab
thickness
andand
axisaxis
distance
simply
supported
hollow
forfor
simply
supported
hollow
corecore
slabsslabs

2003

2003

Palonkestvyys

Palonkestvyys

Palonkestvyys

Palonkestvyys

Palonkestvyys

Ulokelaatat

Eristetyt laatat

Kavennetut laatat

Openings and cut-outs

Hollow core slabs

Small openings are formed

during production of the units

Large voids are trimmed using

transverse supports such as steel
angles or trimmer concrete beams
Example of possible dimensions

Connections
Support length
Supporting

Hollow core

Ribbed units

Floor plate

structure

120 - 400 mm

low - heavy

floors

Beam - bloc
floors

loading

Reinforced concrete

60 - 130

75 - 150

70

100

100 - 150

100

125

or steel girders

Brick masonry

Nominal values support length for initial stage of projects

Diaphragm action
Tensile reinforcement from in-plane bending taken up by
peripheral ties
Shear forces along the joints max. 0.10 N/mm in SLS and
0.15 N/mm in ULS

Design precast floor elements

Hollow core slabs
Punching resistance
is function of slab
cross-section and
presence of topping
Slab type

50mm

100 mm

150/200

20 kN

30 kN

270

40 kN

60 kN

200mm

320/400

45 kN

65 kN

500

60 kN

80 kN

Allowable punching resistance for extruded HC slabs type Variax without

topping

Laattojen tuenta

Ulokkeen pituus ksittelyiss

Nuber of strands Lcant [mm]

<= 5 pcs
1500
6 pcs
1300
7 pcs
1300
8 pcs
1150
9 pcs
1150
>=10 pcs
750

Quality assurance of hollow core slab floors

Ongelma kohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Saumamassan menekki [l/m]

Slab type consumption

hcs 150
5
hcs 200
7
hcs 265
11
hcs 320
13
hcs 400
15
hcs 500
19

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Ongelmakohtia

Kiitos

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu

Poikkileikkaus yleens
Onteloiden muoto
Ylpinta
Nostourat
Punossijoittelu
Reunaetisyydet
Laattojen ksittelyt
Tuotanto kokemuksia

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu

1.1 Products
The aspects to be considered when designing
cross-sections for hcs are:
zWeb

and flange thickness

-properties of concrete mix
-size of aggregate
-compacting of concrete
-shear capacity

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu

The aspects to be considered when designing crosssections for hcs are:

zNumber,

configuration and concrete cover of prestressing strands and their tolerances.

zShape

of cores -influencing factors: sound insulation,

fire resistance, capacities, local stresses and
production

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu
Kriittinen poikkileikkaus

z
CrA?

CrA?

z
CrA?

CrA?

CrA

CrA

Poikkileikkauksen suunnittelu

Transfer of prestressing

Stresses in transfer zone

Transfer length prestressing

Stresses in transfer zone

Spalling

PrEN 1168:
c = 2 if centre distance
between strands 3
c = 3 if centre distance
between strands 2.5

Stresses in transfer zone

Spalling
Bursting

Stresses in transfer zone

Spalling
Bursting
Splitting
Stress analysis based on FIM with non-linear fracture mechanics

Shear capacity
Shear torsion interaction

Shear capacity
Flexural support

Shear capacity - Flexural support

1. Shear flow in the transversal direction

Imposed transversal deformation

shear flow

Unintended restrainment
Restraint at support
by:
- Clamping effect of wall
loads
- Friction at interfaces
- Adhesive bond with insitu concrete
- Dowel action inside
cores
- Tie arrangements

Unintended restrainment
Failure modes due to clamping of walls

Satisfactory solution

Unacceptable solution

Unintended restrainment
Measures to prevent negative effects of
possible restrainment

Hollow core slabs

Thermal insulation

Connections at supports
Tie bars in filled
cores

Connections at supports

Tie bars in joints

Connections on steel beams

Slim floor system

Connections - Detailing
Accidental actions