Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assessment Report
On
Disaster/Climate Change
Preparedness
Prepared by
Consultant Team of
Contents
1. Abbreviation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------02
2. Executive
Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------03
3. Assessment
Process----------------------------------------------------------------------------05
4. Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06
5. Workshop
Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------07
4.1
Karibaria
Union-----------------------------------------------------------------------------07
4.1.1 Demographic, Infrastructure, Health, Sanitation etc.
---------------------08
4.1.2
Hazard/Disaster-Frequency,
Intensity
etc.
-----------------------------------09
4.1.3
Disaster
Preparedness,
Vulnerability
and
Capacity-------------------------12
4.1.4
Seasonal
Calendar------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.1.5
Climate
Change
and
Adaptation------------------------------------------------16
4.2
Barbogi
Union-------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
4.2.1 Demographic, Infrastructure, Health, Sanitation
etc-----------------------19
4.2.2
Hazard/Disaster-Frequency,
Intensity
etc.
-----------------------------------21
4.2.3 Disaster Preparedness, Vulnerability and Capacity
------------------------23
4.2.4
Seasonal
Calendar------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.2.5
Climate
Change
and
Adaptation------------------------------------------------26
4.3
Tiakhali
Union-------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
4.3.1 Demographic, Infrastructure, Health, Sanitation
etc-----------------------29
4.3.2
Hazard/Disaster-Frequency,
Intensity
etc.
-----------------------------------31
4.3.3
Disaster
Preparedness,
Vulnerability
and
Capacity-------------------------33
4.3.4
Seasonal
Calendar------------------------------------------------------------------34
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
4.3.5
Climate
Change
and
Adaptation------------------------------------------------35
4.4
Nilganj
Union--------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
4.4.1 Demographic, Infrastructure, Health, Sanitation etc.
---------------------37
4.4.2
Hazard/Disaster-Frequency,
Intensity
etc.
-----------------------------------38
4.4.3
Disaster
Preparedness,
Vulnerability
and
Capacity-------------------------40
4.4.4
Seasonal
Calendar------------------------------------------------------------------42
4.4.5
Climate
Change
and
Adaptation------------------------------------------------43
5.
Situation
Analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
5.1
Hazard
and
Disaster------------------------------------------------------------------45
5.2
Capacity
of
DMC,
CPP,
NGO------------------------------------------------------47
5.3
District
Level
DP/DR
Capacity------------------------------------------------------48
5.4
Health
and
Sanitation----------------------------------------------------------------50
5.5
Livelihood------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
5.6
Climate
Change-----------------------------------------------------------------------52
5.7
NGO
activities--------------------------------------------------------------------------54
5.8
CPP---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
6.
General
Findings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
7.
Recommendations----------------------------------------------------------------------------64
8.
Persons
Interviewed
and
Consulted-------------------------------------------------------66
Abbreviation
GOB
Government of
Bangladesh
VGD
Vulnerable Group
Development
DC
DRRO
UNO
LGED
WDB
DMC
UDMC
Upazila
UzDMC
DDMC
Union
Parisad
BDRCS
IFRC
CPP
PNGO
NGO
CC
DP
DR
DM
DMB
CRA
FGD
KII
Deputy Commissioner
IGA
IG
Income Generating
Activities
Income Generation
DEF
Disaster Emergency
Fund
IMP
Integrated Pest
Management
Earthen Mound for
Sheltering cattle heads
Village Employment
Support Foundation
Mother and Child
Health Care
Early Childhood Care
Development
Coastal Area
Rehabilitation Program
Rural Development
Foundation
Clustered village
projects
Wave Foundation
Killa
PKSF
MCHC
ECCD
CARP
RDF
Asrayo
n
WF
WFP
ADB
Asian Development
Bank
Department of Forest
DoF
HF
VHF
Mandir
Masjhid
Madras
sa
LSD
BRDB
RC
Khas
land
High Frequency
Very High Frequency
Hindu Temple
Mosque
Muslim Educational
Institute
Local Supply Depot
Bangladesh Rural Dev.
Board
Red Crescent
Land belongs to govt.
UP
Krishi
Bank
Imam
1.
Khal
ToT
Training of trainers
Executive Summary
PNGO staffs
Other NGOs working in the target area
Experienced individuals
The team studied available documents such as union profile, UDMC
meeting minuets, program document of NGOs etc.
2. Assessment Process
Assessment process composed of different steps of which the most
important are includes as follows:
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
Apart from workshop the team has performed number of FGDs, small
group discussion, reconnaissance survey to explore the major problems
of the locality. The issues of climate change, disaster preparedness and
need of the people after two years since cyclone SIDR, different ways
that have been thought best to be adapted combating the effect of
change and livelihood in the context of pre and post SIDR have been
evaluated and validated in the small group discussion on the third day.
In order to validate datas and information gathered from the community
the team visited respective offices at upazilla (sub-district) and district
level as well as union parishad (union council) offices of respective union.
3. Introduction:
4. Workshop
Summary
4.1
Union
Karaibaria
Distribution of
population
10
Family
structure
Childrens
education
Infrastructur Types of
e
housing and
other
infrastructure,
use of latrines
11
Types of road
Health,
sanitation
and other
essential
services
Availability of
electricity ,
water and
telephone
Basic services
exist
Institution
present
12
Some of the common exercises have been conducted in all the four
workshops which have taken place separately in each target union. This
includes as follows;
Hazard map/Venn diagram/ Bar graph /Historical profile of disaster and
Seasonal Calendar.
The mapping exercise shows the layout of Kariabaria depicting high,
medium and low risk areas where the water rising is happening.
Vulnerable areas have been demarcated where women, old people,
children and people with disabilities and those whose income is not
enough to support the families are staying. The map also shows location
of different establishment like mosque, school, health center, and cyclone
shelters etc. as social resources. The mapping exercise included the
hazards done by a group of people from both sex.
During workshop Hazard Venn diagram was drawn with objectives of
understanding the magnitude of disaster in terms of its long and short
term effect. The Venn diagram shows that Karaiabaria community
considers cyclone, tidal surge, and salinity as the most devastating
events for the community. Other hazards like drought also triggered
concern for the community.
A comparative analysis of the Venn diagram revealed that the cyclone is
depicted with larger circle denoting the high magnitude. Salinity, tidal
surge are depicted with a circle slightly smaller than the circle of cyclone
signifying constant apprehension of happening again and again. Seasonal
drought is one of the big concerns for the community but depicted with a
smallest circle because it is happening and continued a bit longer period
making the cultivation and harvesting difficult and sometimes risky.
Workshop in Karaibaria was held in Naliabunia govt. primary school cum
cyclone shelter on 2-4 October 2010.
13
Cyclone
Tidal
Surge
Nor-western
Wind
Commun
ity
Salinit
Less
Rainfall
Magnitude
Damage
Low
Cyclone
Less Rainfall
1965
2009-10
Cyclone
1970
NW Wind
1991
SIDR
2007
AILA
2009
Cyclone, tidal surge, drought, Nor western wind are the major mishaps
that shown in the bar graph the people of Karaibaria remember from the
past. The SIDR was one of the fiercest cyclones. 88% of the total
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
14
Description
Cyclone and tidal surge caused severe loss of life and
damage
Cyclone and Tidal surge severely affected the union
Super cyclone SIDR caused colossal damage
Cyclone AILA caused inundation
Nor-Western Wind caused damage
Seasonal draught caused by irregular and less rainfall is
commonly considered harmful to agricultural activities that
are formally observed by the community since 2009 and
2010.
Less access to TV
15
Lack of DP awareness
CPP is active
16
Recommendations
17
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Issue of
Analysis
Cyclone
Tidal
Surge
Salinity
Flood
Less
Rainfall
Heavy
Rainfall
Fishing
Cultivat
ion
Harvest
ing
High
Income
Low
Income
18
Huge capital loss that has not yet been supplemented by any
means of earning.
Employment opportunities lessened
Many people mostly one person from each of poor families already
migrated/ displaced.
Daily income decreased
Selling of household materials, cattle heads and other animal and
poultry sharply
increased.
Price of agricultural land decreased because of severe salinity.
19
Both fish culture in pond and fish catching in the sea /river is
reduced. Inundation and subsequent intrusion of saline water
(sweet water fishes cannot survive in the salty water) and water
contamination resulting from random use of harmful chemical, and
unknown diseases of fish have been emerging as a new threats to
fish culture.
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
20
Reasons of Change
While asked about the root causes of changes it is said that:
Adaptation
The assessment team observed that particularly older people remember
how weather pattern have changed over the years and what coping
mechanism have to be taken. The community while asked about
adaptation, some means and mechanism were suggested by them to
enhance the adaptive capacity which is shown in the table below:Issues of
analysis
Agriculture,
fishing,
livelihood
Hazards
Drought,
salinity, tidal
surge
accompanie
d by
excessive
rain etc.
Adaptation
21
Indigenous adaptation is
currently includes:
Crops are being cultivated in a
limited way by constructing little
protection wall on the boundary
of land and it worked well in
preventing intrusion of saline
water.
Fencing ponds by fishing net for
saving fishes during inundation.
Planting trees in the homestead
land for
compaction of soil.
Habitants of low lying area
started to rise
plinth and homestead land
while they
construct new dwelling houses.
22
Demographi
c
Information
Description,
distribution of
population,
profession,
crop pattern
etc.
Family
structure
Child
education
23
Infrastructur Types of
e
housing and
other
infrastructure,
use of latrines
Types of road
Health,
sanitation
and other
essential
services
Availability of
electricity ,
water and
telephone
Basic services
exist
Institution
present
24
25
Cyclone
Tidal
Surge
Less
Rainfall
Communit
y
Heavy
Rainfall
Tornado
Hig
h
Damage
Low
26
Cyclone
NW Wind
1965
1988
AILA
2009
Cyclone
Cyclone
1970
1991
SIDR
2007
Description
Cyclone accompanied by 15-20 storm surge with
maximum wind speed 210 km/hr
Cyclone accompanied by wind speed 223 km per/ hr and
storm surge height rose up to 2030
Tornado/Nor-Western Wind
Cyclone accompanied by wind speed 100 km/hr and
storm surge 6-7 feet
Super Cyclone SIDR accompanied by tidal surge
Cyclone AILA with tidal surge
Less rainfall caused moderate draught
River erosion at Joyal Vanga, Ashar Char, and Nidrar Char
across the River Paira
27
Capacity
Recommendation
DP awareness rising
Heightening of embankment.
28
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Issue of
Analysis
Cyclone
Flood
River
Erosion
Draught
Heavy
Rainfall
Fishing
Cultivatio
n
Harvestin
g
High
Income
Low
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Issue of
Analysis
29
Income
Seeking to analyze livelihood the study team went on to classify the
profession in percentage which has shown that:
30
Impact
31
Fuel driven vehicles, mills and factories, brick fields are causing
widespread emission in the air contributed rise in weather
temperature to a great extent.
Adaptation
Since the cost of preparedness and adaptation is much less than
reconstruction and relief the team primarily focused on adaptation to
climate change. The types of input needed for adaptation has been
narrated below:Issue of
Hazards
analysis
Agriculture Drought,
. Fishing,
Heavy
Health and rainfall,
others
Adaptation
32
33
34
Demographi
c
Information
Description
;
distribution
of
population,
profession,
crop
pattern etc.
35
Family
structure
Health,
sanitation
and other
essential
services
Types of
road
Availability
of
electricity ,
water and
telephone
Basic
services
exist
36
Institution
present
Tidal
Surge
Erosio
n
Commun
ity
Salinit
y
Cyclo
ne
Nor-western
Wind
Less
Rainfall
Assessment
Report, GTZ/ November 2010
37
Hig
h
Low
AILA
Damage
Cyclone
1965
Cyclone
1970
NW Wind
1988
SIDR
2007
2009
Historical profile table as shown below will give the impact of the
event in brief:
Year
1965
1970
Description
High wind with tidal surge causing colossal loss of life
and property
Severe cyclonic wind associated with 23 feet high tidal
surge
Swept away whole coastal areas including Tiakhali
community
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
38
1988
2007
2009
Among others the Tiakhali union is also vulnerable and most likely to be
forced to evacuate during disaster. The community is likely to be badly
affected due to inadequate cyclone shelter, lack of DP awareness
combined with other factors.
The Team suggested that low height embankment, inadequate cyclone
shelter, lack of awareness etc. are the important issues need priority
attention for reducing vulnerability of Tiakhali union.
Capacity
39
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Issue of
Analysis
Cyclone
Tidal
Surge
Salinity
Draught
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
Issue of
Analysis
January
40
Heavy
Rainfall
Fishing
Cultivatio
n
Harvestin
g
High
Income
Low
Income
Causes of Changes
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
41
Depletion of trees
Adaptation
Adaptation in the local community is low due to poverty, and more
importantly ignorance. Vulnerability to climate change is high as a result
of salinity, seasonal drought, heavy rainfall, gradual rise of sea level and
other climate related health hazards.
Local adaptability to climate change in part depended on the following
issues:
Issue of
analysis
Agricultu
re,
Fisheries
and
Health
Hazards
Storm surge,
Cyclone,
Lack of
normal rain
fall
Adaptation
42
43
Description,
Distribution of
population
Family
structure
44
Childrens
education
Infrastructur Types of
e
housing and
other
infrastructure,
use of latrines
Types of road
Health,
sanitation
and other
essential
services
Availability of
electricity,
water and
telephone
Basic services
exist
Institution
present
45
Tidal
Surge
Cyclon
e
Commun
ity
Salinity
NW
Wind
Less
Rain
Magnitude
Damage
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
46
Low
Cyclone
Cyclone
AILA
1965
1970
2009
SIDR
2007
NW Wind
1988
Cyclone
1991
Description
Suffered grave Loss of life and destruction of houses.
Severe storm associated with high surge washed away
coastal areas
Nor western wind
Cyclone in 1991 had less impact in Nilganj union
In the event of SIDR, the death figure was estimated to
454 in Patukhali district.
Inundations caused by the cyclone AILA
47
Recommendations:
Putting in force a separate house code for the coast e.g. raising
earth platform 10 feet height from the ground level.
48
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Issue of
Analysis
Cyclone
Tidal
Surge
Salinity
Draught
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
Issue of
Analysis
January
49
Heavy
Rainfall
Fishing
Cultivati
on
Harvesti
ng
High
Income
Low
Income
The time frame of cultivation and harvesting which is usually shown with
the help of seasonal calendar are mostly common in the all study areas.
The fishermen of Nilganj stated that fishing in general is done all over the
year. There are however, three coastal fishing periods in the year.
Majority fishermen stay at home during midsummer month such as May
to July. This is the most critical and hardship period for the fishing
community.
The aftermath effects of disaster on livelihood are mostly similar in all
target areas. But returning to normal livelihood practice varies from place
to place depending on nature of vulnerabilities. Adversities in some cases
prolonged to a longer period as such return to normal life is invariably
delayed and sometimes become impossible for the poor to cope with the
situation.
Differences of Pre/Post SIDR Livelihood
The differences so far been revealed in the workshop summarized
below:
50
Deforestation
Random use of harmful insecticide like Nitro
Plying of unfit vehicles increased emission
Brick field established in the residential areas
Population growth
Unplanned reclamation of water bodies through leasing system
Adaptation
Issue
s
Agricultu
re,
Fish
Hazards
Salinity, irregular
rainfall, excessive
rain, water
Adaptation
51
logging, drought
5. Situation Analysis
The team has performed lots of FGD and survey in the target areas in
order to evaluate the current situation and need of the people of coastal
community. The overall situation is best expressed through different
perspective of: Hazards and disaster risk,
Climate change, livelihood, health and sanitation
Capacity DMC, CPP, NGOs
Capacity of implementing agencies such as RDF, WF specific focus
on climate change and disaster preparedness.
Most of the issues have been elaborated in the participatory workshops
the summary of which is put in detail in chapter four. The problem areas
are mostly common in the all target community.
The issues pertinent to this assessment have been elaborated here as a
background of recommendation.
52
53
These include;
54
55
56
57
sets at the union level and coordination of CPP activities with other
NGOs working in the field level.
g) The respective District Commissioners ensures the activities of
Upazila and Union disaster management committees.
h) Other than the regular representation into the DMCs, the coordination meetings with the NGOs and district administration takes
place time to time.
i) The contingency planning is lacking in the district level.
j) The DC usually visits the respective Upazilas and Unions and
supervises the DP/DR activities.
k) It was revealed from the respective Water Development Boards
that there are 850 Kilometers long embankment (both coastal and
riverside) exists in the entire Barguna district and 1286 Kilometers
long embankment (both coastal and riverside) exists in the entire
Patuakhali district that was constructed in sixties and conjugative
years.
l) Due to the long use and constant effect of natural phenomenon like
rainfall, tidal surges, erosion, human activity etc. the height as well
as the outside/inside slops of the embankment deteriorated to a
considerable extent with several breaches mainly caused by the
huge tidal surges associated by the cyclonic storms.
m) The damage caused to the embankment by the super cyclone SIDR
in 2007 was partially repaired and the majority of the repair work
reported to be under process of the Water Development Board.
n) There are 204 cyclone shelters in different Upazilas of Patuakhali
district which are inadequate for the people living in high risk areas.
District Disaster Management CommitteeThe committee is headed by the Deputy Commissioner meets frequently
to review and coordinate disaster management activities of the district.
The initial interventions such as passing evacuation orders, monitoring
dissemination of warning signal, and keeping constant contact with the
focal person of CPP, Upazilla and union have been properly carried out by
the DDMC. It holds emergency /regular meeting with different disaster
related organizations, agencies, NGOs, CPP and particularly with water
development board, LGED, Health for taking appropriate decision and
measures for tackling disaster situation.
58
5.5 Livelihood
The most striking problems as mentioned earlier were economic
backwardness attributed by backward agricultural practice which is
common for all target unions. Intrusion of salty water in the agriculture
field has been aggravated in Kariarbari putting agriculture fully on natural
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
59
60
Untimely and prolonged fog and mist raised serious concern for all
walks of life. The community people have already started to
experience its adverse effect in many ways. The production of
crops and fruits are being directly affected and human health is
apprehended to have negative impact.
61
With the change of climate cycle health situation of pro poor can
never be claimed to be out of vulnerability. Growth of mosquitoes,
insects and viruses constantly causing different diseases (viral
fever, malaria, dengue, diarrhea, skin diseases, respiratory tract
infection, dehydration etc). Particularly poor people of the
community cant afford timely and accurate treatment to different
ailment loosing body immunity against the diseases. Ultimately it
increases mortality rate, malnutrition and birth of underweight
babies.
There is growing evidence that the people of coastal community is
also struggling with poverty, high dependence on agriculture.
Inundation of large coastal areas might be occurred because of
rising sea level. It will have adverse effects on distribution and
density of population, livelihood, natural resources and ecological
balance. This phenomenon will ultimately lead to large scale
displacement, migration and in those cases more people will be
compelled to take shelter in risky and inhabitable locations.
Unstable habitation and profession of displaced and migrated
people largely responsible for degradation of environment and
ecology. This situation will contribute to worsen poverty,
unemployment, social unrest and other crisis. Influx of people will
occur in urban areas squatting already existing problem.
62
and
training,
63
64
65
66
Findings:
1. The RDF involved in diversified community development programs
and activities with a small initiative on DP and very little focus on
climate change issues.
2. They are implementing programs involving the poor and
marginalized people the community in Karaibaria and Barabogi
Unions of Amtali Upazila.
3. The cash for work program as implemented in Karaibaria and
Barabogi Unions of Amtali Upazila is effective for the poor women
of the community in their hardship period as well as a service to
restore public communication.
4. The RDF has a good reputation and acceptance in the communities.
5. They maintain good cooperation and coordination with local govt.
authorities.
6. The under construction multistoried building of RDF will help them
to undertake further programs as well as it will be a stable source
of income generation.
7. Most of the field level staffs are appeared to be skilled.
Overall Recommendations: The RDF needs to focus more on
DP/DRR/Climate issues in their future projects/programs. The coordination
mechanisms with other NGOs need to be strengthened further. The staffs
of RDF need further training especially on climate change and
adaptation, DP/DRR and its related issues.
Wave Foundation
Wave Foundation, a voluntary non-governmental organization was
established in Chuadanga in 1990 with a view to help poor people
through IG and promoting women and children rights. Presently the
organization is working in 15 districts in Bangladesh including seven
villages of Tiakhali and Nilganj Union under Patuakhali District. It has
been implementing programs for empowering women, risk reduction,
livelihood & income generation etc.
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
67
With the assistance of GTZ, the Wave Foundation has initiated Coastal
Area Rehabilitation Project (CARP) in Tiakhali and Nilganj unions of
Kalapara Upazila with one year duration ending May 2011. The main
purpose of the project is to help rehabilitate local people and empower
them to cope with disaster situation caused due to natural calamities and
climate changes. Under this project Wave Foundation is working on
livelihood, community disaster preparedness and development of local
infrastructure involving 700 families as beneficiaries in Tiakhali and
Nilganj Unions.
Findings:
The Assessment Team interacted with the official of Wave Foundation
at their office in Kalapara and found that1. They have an independent and good office building in Kalapara.
2. 08 regular and 02 part time Officials to implement the Coastal Area
Rehabilitation Project (CARP). Few of them are trained in DP/DRR.
8. Wave Foundation is mainly working in Livelihood and allied
Programs in different districts with a very few focus on climate
change and DP activities.
9. They are implementing a plantation program in Nilganj and Tiakhali
Unions.
10.
They have good communication with Union Parisad (union
council) bodies but seem to need further improvement in
organizing programs and community mobilization.
11.
Most of the field level staffs are local.
Overall Recommendations: The staffs of wave Foundation need further
training on different skill development along with the specific issues like
climate change and adaptation knowledge, disaster preparedness/
disaster risk reduction etc.
68
The GOB recognized the CPP in 1973 and agreed to bear the recurrence
expenses of the program through formulation of Policy Committee and
Implementation Board based on the following recognized activities:
Disseminate cyclone warning signals issued by the Bangladesh
Meteorological department to the community people.
Assist people in taking shelter.
Rescue the distressed people affected by the cyclone.
Provide First Aid to the injured people.
Assist in relief and rehabilitation efforts.
Assist in the implementation of BDRCS disaster preparedness plan.
Since its inception in 1972, the CPP encountered numerous cyclonic
disasters and fulfilled its mandates successfully in saving lives and
properties of hundreds of thousands of coastal people.
At present the current command area of CPP spreading over in 3281
Units of 321 Unions of 37 Upazilas under 13 Districts with a total of
49215 volunteers including 16405 female. The radio network consists of
96 VHF and 34 HF stations.
The position of CPP in four targeted Unions is as follows:
Upazila
Amtali
Union
Unit
Volunt
eers
(Male)
Voluntee
rs
(Total)
140
Volunte
ers
(Female
)
70
Karaiba
14
Barabo
20
200
100
300
Tiakhali
Nolganj
15
18
150
180
75
90
225
270
210
ria
gi
Kalapara
69
6. General Findings
1. The coastal unions namely Karaibaria, Barabogi, Tiakhali and
Nilganj are located in a low-lying high risk area prone to destructive
natural phenomenon like cyclone, storm surge, high tidal surge,
intrusion of saline water from the sea, river erosion, nor-western
etc.
2. The population of four unions have experienced cyclones and other
hazards events that hit the coast in the past causing a colossal
damage of property and loss of life and possibility of occurring the
same is acute.
3. The people of target areas destined to live with disasters and its
adverseness of the nature.
4. The climate change is happening affected the weather pattern as
well as the natural hazards in its intensification and occurrence.
5. The visual sea level rise and intrusion of saline water impacting
adversely on the livelihood of the coastal population.
6. Communities capability for adaptation to the climate change
impacts seems quite inadequate mainly due to lack of awareness,
appropriate knowledge and knowhow.
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
70
71
24.
The private buildings are extremely scarce in the
communities.
25.
Unions internal mud roads are in deplorable condition which
impedes the community people to move faster to the shelter during
emergency.
26.
In general the NGOs are involved in micro credit program and
only a few have DP/DRR and climate change programs.
27.
The Disaster Management Committees at Union, Upazila and
District level found active and functional.
28.
The contingency plan at the Union, Upazila and District level
were found mostly absent excepting in some unions where the
plans were drafted by some NGOs.
29.
The tendency to use transistor radio by community people
has greatly reduced due to incapability to purchase dry cell
batteries.
30.
Access to TV in the remote village areas is very less.
31.
The use of mobile phone increased tremendously which
helped quick transmission of information.
32.
The rain water harvesting is not in practice, people are
unaware of its system and technology.
33.
Electricity coverage is limited in the target unions.
34.
Very few households use solar panel for light.
35.
About 2100 kilometer long coastal embankment in Barguna
and Patuakhali districts
built during sixties and over the years
have deteriorated in its height and slopes to a great extent and
numbers of breaches appeared due to the effect of cyclone, storm
surge, regular astronomical tide, erosion, manmade activities etc.
36.
The repair system of embankment is slow, time consuming
and complex one as the breaches caused by the super cyclone
SIDR in 2007 could not be fully repaired even by October 2010.
37.
Forestry in the outer slopes of the embankment and its
maintenance is the responsibility of the forest Department but the
plantation on the outer slopes of embankment was found very less.
38.
In Karaibaria union there was a long breach on embankment
caused by the super cyclone SIDR resulted in massive intrusion of
saline water, damaging agricultural production led to large scale
unemployment and migration for finding other sources of income.
39.
No high ground available for sheltering the cattle heads in
Karaibaria union.
40.
There exists numerous internal cannels in four target unions
connected to the estuary and big rivers the flow of water is
controlled by the sluice gates; as most of the sluice gates were out
of order, the intrusion of saline water spreading
over and
damaging the agricultural land.
72
41.
The cannels are mostly silted by alluvial deposition and the
catchment area greatly condensed loosing capacity for containing
water.
42.
Before the super cyclone SIDR, about 80% of the households
were using sanitary latrines.
43.
There is a policy for insurance of life but such policy has been
absent in insuring crops, cattle head, houses destroyed by disaster.
44.
The Killas (earthen mounds) for sheltering of cattle heads are
inadequate in the target four unions.
45.
NGOs coverage on school level DP/DRR programs in the
target unions is limited.
46.
The community harmonies in the target unions found sound
and the minority groups were enjoying equal rights and facilities.
47.
Lack of provision for storing of essential and valuable
materials in the shelter place.
48.
The Khutar Char at Karaibaria union covering around 4 sq.km
area inhabited by 6ooo people completely unprotected due to lack
of embankment.
49.
Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program is ongoing in
all study areas.
50.
Cash for work program by RDF has been undertaken in
Karaibaria and Boro Bogi unions repairing roads and culvert slop in
different places participated by the poor women folk.
51.
The Union Disaster Management Committee in Nilganj has
established Disaster Emergency Fund by its own initiatives.
52.
With the initiative of Caritas the ward level Disaster
Management Committee (WDMC) was formed comprising 09
members (male-6 and female-3) who were provided with necessary
training.
53.
With the initiative Caritas Disaster Emergency Fund (DEF) has
been raised to Tk-21,700 in Barabogi union.
54.
Total 46 cyclone shelters exist in Barabogi union including 30
schools cum cyclone shelters.
55.
500 households of Boro Amkhola, 500 households of Tetul
Baria and 600 households of Nishan Baria villages of Barobagi
union could not take shelters because of their remoteness and bad
communication.
56.
The NGOs working in the target four unions were-RDF, Wave
Foundation, Caritas, Sangkalpa, Rupantar, Save the Children, Plan
Bangladesh, speed Trust, Gramin Bank, Muslim Aid, ASA, Sangram
etc.
57.
The overall response mechanism in the target unions after
the super cyclone SIDR was good but proper coordination
hampered the relief and rehabilitation efforts time to time.
73
58.
The instances of personal endeavor in relief effort were also
demonstrated immediately after the super cyclone SIDR in Tiakhali
and Karaibaria unions.
59.
Use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides degrading the
environment and fertility of soil.
60.
Due to use of insecticides particularly Nitro resulted in killing
of huge poultry along with other species like frogs, snakes etc.
61.
The community level health facilities were found greatly
lacking and the people depends on the village quakes.
62.
The unusual increase of mosquitoes and other insects
degrading the health situation.
63.
The continuity of the activities of the NGOs seems to be
inadequate and ends before achieving its objectives.
64.
Discontinuation of service of care taker for sluice gates
resulted in illegal fishing by trespasser.
65.
Many people used to take loan from NGOs micro credit
scheme enforcing them to left village to avoid debt liability.
66.
The cattle rearing practices decreased due to shortage of
animal foods.
67.
The internal cannels are not supposed to be leased out but
the local govt. authorities sometimes initiate the leasing process for
fishing caused damage of the sluice gates.
68.
Most of the cyclone shelters lacking latrines, light and water
facilities.
69.
The medical teams are used to form by the health
department and put into operation following all major disasters.
7. Recommendations
1. Raising of mass awareness activities on DP/DRR using locally suited
methods and media should be stressed and under taken
continuously by all concerned.
2.
Reconstruction
of
embankments
maintaining
standard
specification (height and slopes) and repair of breaches should be
undertaken.
3. Internal canals should be re-excavated through cash for work
program facilitating regular water flow, irrigation, increasing
retention capacity, and employment opportunity as well.
4. Maintenance of the embankment including minor repair, turfing,
plantation, protection should be undertaken involving communities
with a provision of appreciation, reward for their performance.
5. Followed by field survey numbers of sluice gate may be increased
including with necessary repair of the existing ones need to be
materialized.
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
74
75
21.
Internal roads in the communities should be converted into
concrete/ metal roads.
22.
Skill development training/orientation particularly for the
poor people in the community should be undertaken for enhancing
knowledge of cattle rearing, kitchen gardening, poultry, fish culture,
small scale nurturing, house hold plantation, handicrafts, small
trading etc. The NGOs can play vital role in this field.
23.
School package program on DP/DRR/climate change should
be undertaken in the coastal school. The NGOs can support the
process.
24.
Orientation/training to the fisherman folk needs to be
conducted on a regular basis with motivation to carry transistor
radios/life buoys in fishing boats and trawlers.
25.
Special ID cards can be introduced for the fisherman to
ascertain the identity in case they are driven to surrounding
countries by storm/tidal surge etc.
26.
Introduce and popularize the wind-up transistor radios (the
radio does not require dry cell batteries to operate) to the
communities.
27.
The coordination mechanism of the NGOs should be
strengthened.
28.
NGOs activities should be focused more on DP/DRR/climate
change issues.
29.
The CPP should be strengthened by providing regular training
to its volunteers, replacing disorder warning equipment, increase
new units along with signal flag posts, introduce signal light system
etc.
30.
The CPP should introduce a performance evaluation system
followed by every disaster events.
31.
The CPP should coordinate with the NGOs working in its
respective areas.
32.
The Asrayan projects (clustered village projects) are located
mostly outside of the embankment; to reduce their vulnerability
they may be relocated to safer places or provided with multistoried
buildings.
33.
Salinity resistant crops and vegetables should be introduced
to the farmers of the saline prone areas.
34.
Community health service/clinics with required facilities
should be expanded to the remote villages.
35.
Some deep tube wells are required to be installed particularly
in remote villages.
36.
The youth groups of the communities should be encouraged
in forming social clubs and involve more in social services.
37.
A motivational campaign should include the importance of
rising of house plinth/latrine/tube well platform/bank of the ponds
etc. for coping with the tidal surge and rise of water.
Assessment Report, GTZ/ November 2010
76
38.
The contingency plan for the union, upazila, and district
should be formulated. The NGOs may support the process.
39.
More earthen mounds (Killa) for sheltering of cattle heads
need to be built.
8
9
10
11
12
Name
Mr. Al- Amin
Mr. Asfaqur Rahman
Mr. Chowdhury Md.
Masum
Mr. Sagir Khan
Mr. Masud Sikdar
Md. Yousuf
Munshi Md. Golam
Mostafa
Mr. Md. Zahirul Islam
Mr. S.M. Akbar Hossain
Mr. Baki Chowdhury
Mr. Golam Mostafa
Mr. Md. Nurullah
13
14
Mr. Joydev
Mr. Md. Zakir Hssain
15
Asstt. Director
Asstt. Director
Field Supervisor
Training Officer
RDF, Barguna
Rupantar
Rupantar
19
Sangram, Karoibaria
Sangram
Sangram, Barguna
Barguna Red
Crescent
Barguna
LGED, Barguna
LGED, Barguna
LGED, Barguna
Sangram,Taltoly
Branch
CPP, Barobogi Unin
Barobogi Union
Parisad
BDRCS, Barguna
Admin. Officer
20
Administrative Officer
21
22
Deputy Area
Coordinator
Chairman
23
CMFP
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
16
17
18
Manager
Officer
Dy. Director
Secretary
Upazila Nirbahi Officer
Execuive Engineer
Asstt. Engineer
Sub-Asstt. Engineer
Manager
Organization
ASA
ASA
Sangram
Patuakhali
LGED, Patuakhali
LGED, Patuakhali
Public Health,
Patuakhali
Amtali, Barguna
Action Aid, Amtali
Action Aid, Amtali
77
31
Imam
Mr. Qamruzzaman
Chairman
32
Project Coordinator
33
Mr.Md. Siddiqur
Rahman
Mr. Gazi Ear Ali
Exec. Engineer
34
35
36
37
38
Mr. Hafiz
Mr. ABM Golam Haidar
Nilu
39
40
Sub-Divisional
Engineer
Asstt. Director
Asstt. Director
Zonal Officer
Ex. Scy.BDRCS,
Barguna Unit and CPP
Team Leader
Chairman
Chairman
Nilganj Union
Parisad
Wave Foundation,
Kalapa
BWDB, Patuakhali
WDB, Barguna
CPP, Kalapara,
Patuakhali
CPP, Amtali,
Barguna
CPP, Barguna
CPP, Barguna
BRDB
Koraibaria Union
Parisad