:Matter

{.Is every thing that has Mass & Volume } (1)

0ccupies apart of & ,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
{.space

,, } (2)

States of Matter are:

1) Solids : as ( Stone glass plastic Iron - )
2) Liquids : as ( water oil Milk juice - .)
3) Gases : as ( Air oxygen water vapour ..)

.Matters differ in Shape , colour & structure

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Measuring of Length
:Measuring Tools(1)
.a) graduated ruler
.b)
,,
tape

:Measuring Units (2)

.a) Centimeter (Cm): To measure small lengths
.b) Meter (m):
,,
,,
large lengths
.c) Kilometer (km): ,,
,,
very big lengths

1000 m , 1 meter = 100 Cm , meter = 50 = (km)1

cm
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Measuring
Mass

: Mass
It is the amount of matter that the object
.contains

:Measuring Tools(1)
.Common (2 pan)balance (1
:Sensitive balance (2
Used to estimate the small mass as things
.made of (gold, silver)& chemical materials in lab

:Measuring Units (2)

.gram (gm): suitable for measuring small mass as Gold (1
.kilogram(kg): ,,
,,
,,
large mass as fruits (2
.Ton:
,,
,,
,,
very big mass (3

Ton = 1000 kg
, 1 k.g = 1000 gram 1
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Measuring the
Volume

:Volume

.It is the space occupied by the object (Matter)

:Measuring Tools(1)
Graduated cylinder: to measure volume of liquids (1
.&irregular solid
.Ruler: to measure dimensions of regular solid body (2

:Measuring Units (2)

Cubic Centimeter (Cm3): to estimate volume of liquids & (1
.solids
.meter (m3):
.Litre:

,,

,,
,,

,, solids
,, (2
,,
,, liquids (3

,,
,,

1 Litre = 1000 Cm3 = 1000 millilitres.

Ways of Measuring Volumes
4

Of Liquids
As water

Of Solids

By using
Measuring cylinder
Irregular

Regular
As cuboid(brick)
L
H

V2

V1

Volume of cuboid (brick)

The eyes must be
At the lower point
.Of the surface

L X W X HCm3 =
1) Put amount of water in

Measuring cylinder.
2) Determine volume of
Water = v1
3) Put the stone in water.
4) Record the volume of
(water + stone) = v2
Volume of stone =
V2 V1.Cm3
when the body is submerged completely*

.It spills water

.The volume = the volume of spilled water

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:Examples
:find the volume of a brick knowing that (1
{.Length = 8Cm , width = 4Cm & height = 2Cm }
:Caculate the volume of a cuboid whose (2
{.length = 6 Cm , width = 3Cm , height = 2 Cm}

:Steps of Solving Problem in5a scientific way

.Determine the problem (1
.Suggesting Alternatives (2
.Testing alternatives (3
.Choosing the best Alternative (4

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Equal volumes of different substances have different

:masses
: Experiment
get 2 cubes having the same volume (one of iron & the second (1
.of wood)
put iron cube in one pan of a common balance and the wooden (2
cube in
.The other pan

:.Obs
.Iron cube has higher mass than wooden cube

:.Conc
.Equal volumes of different substances have different masses

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Exercise on Lesson 1
:Complete
.. & .. , . Matters are different in (1
& Matters are similar in having (2
.is used to estimate Volume of Liquids .. (3
& From units of Mass are (4
.K.g = . Grams 2 (5
, Meter is the unit of Measuring (6
. But (K.g) is the unit of
. The graduated ruler is used to measure (7
.. The amount of material that the object contains is (8
is used to measure small length, while .measure .... (9
large length
.meters = Cm 3 (10
We estimate the Mass of chemical materials & gold by using (11
..
the Mass of fruit is measured by ,but Mass of jewelly by (12
.
. & . The types of balances are (13
. volume of the brick (cuboid) = X .. X (14
.Litres = Cm3 2 (15
6 the liquids (16
.Litre is the unit of measuring of

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*******

Join ( A ,B )
A

Ton (1
Gram (2
Liter (3
K.g (4

.a) occupies 1000 Cm3

.b) 1000 K.g
.c) unit of Mass
d) A space occupied by a cube
.of side length = 1Cm
e) 1/1000 of K.g

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:Write the scientific term

.Any thing that occupies a space and has mass (1
.The amount of the material that the object contains (2
.The space occupied by the object (3
.A unit of measuring small lengths (4
.A device of measuring small mass as gold and silver (5
. Length X width X height (6
.A device used to estimate volume of liquids & irregular solid body (7
.A unit of measuring small mass (8

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*******
If the volume of water = 100 Cm3 , After adding a stone the*
volume of water becomes 120 Cm3 Calculate the volume of
?the stone
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A glass is filled with water and (10 equal-sized ) marbles are
added to it . Calculate the volume of each marble if the
.volume of the poured water = 20 Cm3

:From the figure

.Find the Volume of the Stone
15Cm3
10Cm

: Define
.(Matter - Mass - Volume }

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*******
Explain practically how to estimate the volume of a *
?marble
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:Give reason
.A glass is a matter (1)
.The book has a volume (2)
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******
The Correct reading of the volume of water in the cylinder22
20
.(.) Is
18

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Lesson
2

Matter states & its changes

:The 3 states (kinds) of matter are *

.Solid state: Iron copper wood sugar salt (1
.Liquid ,, : water milk oil benzene kerosene alcohol (2
.Gaseous ,,: Air oxygen nitrogen CO2 water vapour (3

Matter consists of small building units called Molecules

.(Particles)
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Compare between : ( Solid - Liquid & Gases )

Points

Solids

Liquids

Gases

Examples

Iron Ice stone

Definite
(fixed)

Water oil milk

Indefinite (take

Oxygen CO2 air

Indefinite (take

the shape of the

container)

the
shape of the
container)

Volume

definite

definite

Indefinite (take

Molecules

Are very closed

Shape

N.B

the
volume of the
container)

Are far from

each other

Are very far

from each
other

.Matter exists in one state at room (ordinary) Temp (1

.Solids have definite Shape & Volume (2

Liquids have definite volume & take the shape of the (3

.container
Gases take both (the shape & the volume) of the (4
.container

Activities
:Solids have definite shape & volume(1)
Steps

.Obs

put a marble (astone) (1

.In a test tube
The shape &the
put it again in (2
volume don't
.a beaker or a flask
.change

.Conc
Solids have
definite
shape
.& volume

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:Liquids have definite volume & indefinite shape(2)

Steps
Get a graduated
(1
cylinder & a conical
.flask
put 100 Cm3 of (2
water in the
.cylinder
pour water a gain (3
in
the conical
.flask

.Obs
Volume of water
.doesn't Change
shape of water changes & takes the
shape of the
.container

.Conc
- Liquids have

definite volume &

indefinite
.Shape

G.R

?Oil is a liquid
Because: It takes the shape of the container and has a .definite
volume
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10
******

:Gases have indefinite shape & volume (3)

Steps
Blow air in a balloon (1
.& tie it
press on the balloon (2
.with your hand

.Obs

.Conc

The shape &

volume of air
inside the balloon

Gases always take

the shape &the
volume of the
.container
have indefinite )
.(shape & volume

.change

N.B

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*******
.Distance between molecules of Solids is very small .Liquids is medium ;
;;
;;
;;
- (1)
Gases is larger than ;
;;
;;
;;
.liquids
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******

Matter changes from one state to another by*

or (Cooling) (Heating)
Heating

Heating

(2)

Solid state
Cooling
Gas

Liquid state
Cooling

(water )

( Ice )

(water vapour

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Complete:
* solid state changes into liquid state by ..................... , while
gas state
Changes into liquid state by ......................

Changes of11 Water

(1) Melting:
(Is the change (transfer) of matter from the solid
state
To the Liquid state by heating).

Steps
1) get a clean glass &
put
.
some pieces of ice in
it.
2) leave it in Air for a
while

Obs.
Ice changes into
water as it gains
(acquires) heat from
the surrounding air.

Conc.
Ice changes to
liquid
State by heating
( Melting
process)

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(2) Evaporation:

(Is the change of matter from the Liquid state

to
Gaseous state by Heating).

Steps

Obs.

1) Put amount of
water
In a pot.
2) heat it till boiling.

Conc.

- Water evaporates & Water chages from

water vapour comes
the liquid state to
out.
- Amount of water in
the
. pot decrease.

gaseous state by
heating
(Evaporation
process)

12

(3) Condensation:
(Is the change of matter from gaseous state to
the Liquid
State by Cooling).

Applications on condensation process:

(*) Appearance of some water droplets on:
1) ( cars , leaves of plant) in the early morning.
2) The cover of cooking pans during cooking.
3) Glass contains ice and left in the air.

G.R

*Drops of water are formed on the glass containing

ice?
Because: water vapour in air condensed (collected) on the cold
surface of
The glass.

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(4) Freezing:

( Is the change of Matter from Liquid state to the Solid

state by

Steps

Obs.

1)Put some water in a

Plastic bottle.
2)Put it in the freezer
for
suitable time.

G.R

Cooling).

Water changes into

ice.

Conc.
Water changes
from liquid to
Solid by Cooling.
(Freezing process)

*The bottle full of water will burst in the freezer?

-Because: water changes into ice & the volume of ice increases.
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Liqui
d
( water)

Condensation then Freezing

Solid
(ice)

Melting then

Gas
(vapour
)

Evaporation
13

Answer

G.R:

1) Drops of water are formed on the cup of ice exposed to air.

2) The bottle of water in the freezer will burst.
3) Water is a liquid.
4) Volume of water decreases by Heating.

What the meant by:

Melting

Condensation .

Write the scientific term:

1) A state of matter that has definite shape &volume.
2)
;; ;
;;
;
; indefinite ;
; ;
.
3)
;; ;
;;
; takes the shape of the container only.
4)
;; ;
;;
;
;;
;
;; & the volume of the
container.
5) The change of matter from solid to liquid by heating.
6) ;;
;;
;
;;
;; liquid to gas ;; heating.
7) ;;
;;
;
;;
;;
gas to liquid ;; cooling.
8) ;;
;;
;
;;
;; liquid to solid by cooling.

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Complete:
1) The states of matter are .. , and
..
2) Iron has .state at ordinary Temp. but water is
.
3) ..substances have definite shape & volume.
4) Liquids have definite .& indefinite
5) On transferring water from one container to another its shape
will .
6) Molecules of ...are very closed ,but in ... are very
far.
7) When the solid , it becomes liquid.
8) Water vapour changes into by
9) If a liquid freezes , it becomes
10) ..is the solid state of water.
11) Water condenses if it touches surface.
12) When we pour water from container (A) into (B) , then into
(C) ,the
Volume of water in container (A) is

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..

..

..

Solid

liquid

14

gas

Words on
The word
Pans
Kitchen
Fork
Bridge
Iron element
Foil
Contents
Electric wire
Natural elements
Artificial
elements
Copper
Analyzed
Coal
Metals
Non-metals
Lead
Mercury
Bromine
Metallic luster
Melting point
boiling point
Malleable
Good conductor
Samples
Electricity
Flame
Jewels
Economic
importance
Street lights
Applications
Manufacture
Electrode (pole)
Metallic coins
Heat
Phosphorus
ability

lessosn 3
The
meaning

&
The word
Physical changes
Chimecal changes
Wax
Contents
Dissolving
Flavour
Crucible
Grinding
Taste
Disappear
Recycling
Burning(charring)
Combustion
Bend
Return
Black ash
Rusting
Molten iron
Original form
Sweet taste
Yoghurt
Brittle layer
Yeast
Pastry

15

lesson 4
The meaning

( )
()

()

15

15

Lesson
3

Elements around us

When we enter the kitchen wee see a lot of pans ,spoons , forks and
Metallic foil . and in the street we see bridges and cars

All the previous examples are Matters.

Activity:
To know the contents of matter.
Substance
Nails

Made of
Iron element

Spoon

Aluminium element

Electric wire

Copper element

Pieces of coal

Carbon element

Sulphur crystal

Sulphur element

Conclusion:
S.T

Matters are composed of Elements.

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Element:
Is the building unit of matter and it is the simplest form of
matter that can't be analyzed into two substances or more.

N.B
The number of elements that discovered up till now are
112 element Which are divided into:
a- Natural elements : 92 elements
b- Artifitial elements: 20 elements
2) Elements are composed of molecules which are composed
of
.
atoms
1)

16
Elements

Metals
metals

Non-

Solids liquids
gaseous

solids

liquids

Iron
Oxygen
Copper
Nitrogen
Lead
Gold
silver

sulphur

Bromine

mercury

Carbon
phosphorus

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Activities
1) To prove the shining property of metals:
Conc.:
*Metals are shiny (have metallic luster), but non-metals are
not.
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*****
2)

To prove the ability to conduct electricity :

Conc.:
*Metals are good conductors of electricity
& non-metals are bad conductors except carbon.

G.
R

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*
1) Electric wires are made of copper and aluminium?
-Because: they are metals and good conductors of electricity.

2) We mustn't approach a nail to an electric source?

- Because: the nail is made of iron which conducts electricity.

3)

To prove the ability to conduct

17
heat:

Conc.:
Metals are good conductors of heat , while
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat.

G.
R

*The cooking pots are made of aluminium while its

handles are . .
made of wood or plastic?
-Because: aluminium is good conductors of heat ,but wood &
plastic are
conductors of heat.

Bad

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To prove the ability