Unit 3.

5
Name: (**)
Classification
Use the tutorial: Classification Unit (Unit 3.5).PPT to complete this note set.
1. The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms is called (**_). Taxonomists place organisms into
categories based on shared characteristics.
2. Carolus Linnaeus devised a system for classifying organisms. He devised categories called (**_) that were based
on similar homologous structures. The broadest and largest taxon is called a (**_) while the smallest is called a (**_).
3. He gave every organism a scientific name using the (**_) and (**_).
4. Identifying organisms by their genus and species name (scientific name) is called (**_).
5. All organisms are classified in a hierarchical system of groups that increase in inclusiveness. We now have seven
taxa or groups into which organisms are placed:
1. (**_)
2. (**_)
3. (**_)
4. (**_)
5. (**_)
6. (**_)
7. (**_)
6. The basic biological unit in the classification system is the (**_). Species are organisms that can interbreed and
produce (**_) offspring.
7. Living things are grouped into five kingdoms:
Kingdom
Characteristics
1. (**Monera)
(**single-celled)
heterotrophs
prokaryotes

Examples
(**bacteria)

2. (**Protista)

(**single and multi-celled)

heterotrophs - few autotrophs
eukaryotes

(**paramecium & algae)

3. (**Fungi)

(**multi-celled)
heterotrophs
eukaryotes

(**mushrooms and yeast)

4. (**Plantae)

(**multi-celled)
autotrophs
eukaryotes

(**trees, plants, flowers)

5. (**Animalia)

(**multi-celled)
heterotrophs
eukaryotes

(**mammals, insects)

8. The six kingdom system has the following six kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, (**_), and (**_).
9. Physical traits of organisms, such as (**_) structures, are used to determine evolutionary relationships.
10. A family, or (**_) tree, shows relationships among organisms. Those organisms that are at the tip of the branches
are the most (**_) while those at the base of the tree are the (**_). Each time a branch divides, it shows the
emergence of a new (**_). An example of a Phylogenetic Tree:

Unit 3.5
Name: (**)
Classification
Use the tutorial: Classification Unit (Unit 3.5).PPT to complete this note set.

11. A (**_) is a branching structure that shows shared traits of organisms. A cladogram can show differences in
anatomy, physiology, or behavior among organisms. An example of a of a cladogram:

Unit 3.5
Name: (**)
Classification
Use the tutorial: Classification Unit (Unit 3.5).PPT to complete this note set.
12. A dichotomous key is a type of (**_) key. It is a tool for identifying unfamiliar organisms. It is a list of observable
traits that will lead you to the identify of the organism. The common name as well as the scientific name of the
organism is usually obtained. An example of a dichotomous key:
1a. the organism has wings
1b. the organism does not have wings

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2a. the organism has 2 wings

2b. the organism has 4 wings

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3a. the organism has feathers

3b. the organism does NOT have feathers

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4a. Wings are of equal size

4b. Wings are of unequal size

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5a. the organism has a large bill for a beak

5b. the organism has a long thin beak

GOOSE
HERON

6a. long thin projection in rear

6b. No projection in rear

MAYFLY
DRAGON FLY

7a. has a sucking mouth part

7b. has a piercing mouth part

FLY
MOSQUITO

8a. has fur

8b. has scales

DOG
SNAKE

What types of organisms are shown below?

Organism: (**_)

Organism: (**_)

Organism: (**_)