INTRODUCTION

Counseling is derived from the word counsel which literally means to give advice .
Dictionary meaning of the word counseling is that [it is kind of a] help with personal
or psychological matters usually given by a professional (Encarta Dictionary,
2009). Counseloris someone who gives counselling. Counseleeis the person
receiving counseling. Whereas its dictionary meanings are very simple technically
counseling refers to something beyond just giving advice. There are many times in
our lives when we all really feel we need someone to listen to us. This is basically
what counseling is someone to listen to you. The purpose of counseling is to enable
you to resolve your issues so that you can have more happiness and joy in your life.
In the counseling sessions the client can explore various aspects of their life and
feelings, talking about them freely and openly in a way that is rarely possible with
friends or family

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THE ORIGIN OF GROUP COUNSELING

The Group counselling was originally found successful in treating

patients with

tuberculosis(TB) in early 1900 century. The Group counselling is used during world
war II for treating with emotional reaction. Joseph pratt, Alfred adler, Jacob Moreno,
cody Marsh and Trigant Burrow were the first to use group counselling. Early Group
effort were similar to the traditional group guidance or phychological groups we see
today.

WHAT IS GROUP COUNSELLING

Group is a therapy format that approaches issues of personal growth through the
use of interpersonal interaction which is,to interact with others to identify and
understand our maladaptive patterns and how to change them. Group interactions
provide an opportunity to build relationships and receive interpersonal feedback
about how we experience one another. You can gain specific skills and strategies to
meet personal goals, explore areas that present personal challenges, and gain
support and encouragement from others. Group is one of the most effective ways to
explore and support changes you wish to make in your life.
According to Gazda, 1989, A group counselling is a helping process between
a counselor and more people (members) interacting together to achieve a goal. the
Dynamic interaction between collections of individuals for prevention or remediation
of difficulties or the enhancement of personal growth or enrichment. Group
counseling seems like group guidance but its quite different in some factors.

THE GOALS OF GROUP COUNSELLING

The many goals of group counselling, which is to learn to trust oneself and others, to
achive self- knowledge and develop a sense of ones uniques identity, to recognize
the commonality of the participants needs and problems and develop a sense of
universality, to increase self-acceptance, self-confidence and self-respect in order to
archived a new view of one self. The group counselling is also used to find
alternative ways of dealing with normal development issues and of resolving certain
conflicts, to increase self-direction, autonomy and responsibility towards one self and
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others. In addition, it aims to become aware of ones choices and to make choices
wisely and also to make specific plans for changing certain behaviours and to
commit one-self to follow through with these plans.

THE HISTORY OF GROUP COUNSELING

The group counseling is also known as the therapy group. The Human potential
movement began in the 1960century and founded on the belief that most people only
use a small percentage of their capabilities but that within group experience, they
can recognize their full potential. The purpose it to allow a person to make full use of
his or her personal capacities leading to self-actualization. Whereas the laboratory
training which adds to conventional training by providing situations in which the
trainees themselves experiences through their own interaction of the condition, more
or less experiment on themselves and also more concerned about changing
individual behave attitude. They are two types of laboratory training which is,
simulation and sensitivity training.
Simulation is the presentation in real situation of organisations in the training
session. It covers situations of varying complexities and roles for the participants. It
creates a whole field organisation, which relates participants through key roles in it,
and has them deal with specific situations of a kind they encounter in real life.
Sensitivity training is the most controversial laboratory training method. Many
of its advocates have an almost religious zeal in their enhancement with the training
group experience. As a result of criticism and experience, a somewhat revised
approach, often described as team development training, has appeared. It was first
used by National Training Laboratories at Bethel, U.S.A. The training groups
themselves called T group. Since it is used has been extended to other
organisations, universities and institutes.

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THE ADVANTAGES OF GROUP COUNSELING

i)

Providing Unique environment

Group Counseling can offer a unique environment in which to learn about and
experience both self and other. We all live in a group for much of our lives and
working together with others in a group can provide a valuable insights into
characteristic patterns of thinking and relating it in a group setting.
ii)

Exploring issues in depth

The group experience gives individuals an opportunity to explore their issues in

more depth in a setting which more closely resemble work, study, social, and
family grouping.
iii)

Feeling empowerment

Gives the feeling of empowerment to the group members. It helps the group
members to build confidence and self esteem so that they may feel more in
control of your life.
iv)

Highly organised

Group counselling may be highly organised with people doing specific activities
together and then sharing the results. Alternatively, it may be more freeform
where people share current issues related to the groups purpose. Ones person
verbal contribution to a group might be discussed, validated and provoke problem
solving by other group members in a session. It might also be an entry into a
discussion regarding a certain aspect of an illness or condition that is then
primarily led by the therapist.
v)

Provide sense of belonging

Often people that enters a group counselling session is the one who always feel
they are alone. By entering a group counselling, group members will feel part of
the social group. They feel feel satisfied of the needs of intimacy and relatedness.
They feel related because they have the same problem to discuss. They also will
get immediate interpersonal feedback. Group counselling can facilitates personal
exploration of growth and development of the group members.
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vi)

Gives meaning to each members human existence (avoid isolation

and lonliness)

One of the main princpiles behind group counselling is the idea that dealing with
specific issues may cause isolation and a feeling that one alone in facing ones
prolem. Group counselling attempts to conteract this isolation by assembling
people with similar issues to enforce that difficulties are not singular to one
person. Additionally, knowing other people with similar trouble can be comforting
to each individual, who may not have access in their own family and friends to
people with same problem.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF GROUP COUNSELLING

i)

Less situational control

This is because the more people in one group can cause a problem and things
can go wrong. Counsellors needs to give attention to everyone in the groups so
that they dont feel isolated.
ii)

Each group members receive less attention and and less time
available.

This is because if there are only one counsellors in each group. So, the
counsellor needs to give each members attention. Yet, if some person speaks
more than the other person in group, some members will not able to receive the
counsellor attention and they will speak less than what tey are planning. In
addition, the time given in the session is not long enough to let all the group
members speak much.
iii)

Confidentiality is more difficult to mandate in a group than individual

counselling

Confidentiality is a cornerstone of healthy therapeutic relationships and effective

treatment and is based upon the ethical principles of autonomy and fidelity, and
to a lesser degree, beneficence and nonmaleficence. Autonomy assumes clients
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have the right to decide to whom they will reveal information, and confidentiality is
based upon respect for clients ability to choose what they disclose. Fidelity refers
to psychologists faithfulness and loyalty to keep promises to clients, including not
revealing information clients disclose. Thus, in this cas, for the counselor, for
certain situation, it is difficult to mandate the secrets they heard from the client.

iv)

Forcing on group opinion on all members of the group.

The counsellor may force the members to give their opinion on the problem they
discussed, Counsellor should not forced but instead let them speak voluntary so
that they dont feel ashamed infront of the others and feel discourages.
v)

Group work is not for everyone in every situation

Group counselling cannot be conducted to the person who are paranoid, brain
damaged, acutely psychotic and suicidal. This is because this is not the suitable
counselling for them. Person who have behaviour like this cannot accept the
activities that the group counselling done because it will not work on them. They
have special session with different kind of counselling.
vi)

Group leader with no proper training can lead to more damage

Often, they are counselling that have no proper training to conduct the
counselling session. Without the proper training, the counsellor can lead damage
of the group members.

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YALOM THERAPEUTIC FORCES IN GROUPS

Yalom (1995 defined therapeutic factors as the actual mechanisms of effecting
change in patient. Yalom identified 11 factors that influence the processes of
change and recovery among group therapy client. The 11 factors are:
Factors
Universality

Analysis
Feeling of having problems similar to
others, they dont feel alone anymore.

Altruism

Helping and supporting others

Instillation Of Hope

Encouragement

that

recovery

is

possible
Guidance

Nurturing support and assistance

Imparting Information

Teaching about problem and recovery

Developing Social Skills

Leaning new ways to talk about

feelings , observation and concerns

Interpersonal Learning

Finding out about themselves and

others from the group

Cohesion

Feeling of belonging to the group or

valuing the group

Catharsis

Release of emotional tension

Existential Factors

Life and death are realities

Imitative Behaviour

Modelling

anothers

manners

and

recovery skills
Corrective recapitulation of family of Identifying
origin issues

and

changing

the

dysfunctional pattern or roles one

played in primary family

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THE STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

There are five stages of group development. This five stages model of group
development is presented have, based on Yalom (1985),Troter (1977) & Tuckman
(1965). For use in studying all types of groups. Group member behavior as well as
group leader behavior for each stage is presented;

i)

Stage 1 : Forming

This first stage of group development is coming together,or forming, stage.

In this stage the group members become oriented to the beginning of the
group process and to each other. Patterned behavior and look to the
group leader for guidance and direction. Group members have a desire for
acceptance by the group and a need to know that the group is safe. They
set about gathering impressions and data about the similarities and
differences among them and forming preferences for future subgrouping.
Rules of behavior seem to be to keep things simple and to avoid
controversy. Serious topics and feelings are avoided.

ii)

Stage 2 : Transition or Storming

The next stage, which Tuckman calls Storming, is characterized by

competition and conflict in the personal relations dimension an
organization in the task-functions dimension. As the group members
attempt to organize for the task, conflict inevitably results in their personal
relations. Individuals have to bend and mold their feelings, ideas, attitudes,
and beliefs to suit the group organization. Because of "fear of exposure" or
"fear of failure," there will be an increased desire for structural clarification
and commitment. Although conflicts may or may not surface as group
issues, they do exist. Questions will arise about who is going to be
responsible for what, what the rules are, what the reward system is, and
what criteria for evaluation are. These reflect conflicts over leadership,
structure, power, and authority. There may be wide swings in members
behavior based on emerging issues of competition and hostilities. Because
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of the discomfort generated during this stage, some members may remain
completely silent while others attempt to dominate. In order to progress to
the next stage, group members must move from a "testing and proving"
mentality to a problem-solving mentality. The most important trait in
helping groups to move on to the next stage seems to
be the ability to listen.

iii)

Stage 3 : Cohesiveness or Norming

If the problem and concern of the second stage are successfully dealt with,
group members move into the third stage of group development,
cohesiveness (YALOM 1985) .The group members demonstrate greater
self-responsibility, risk taking and openness during this stage. This greater
sense of cohesiveness is experienced after inter member commitment and
caring have been tested and trust established in the previous stages.
During this stage, the norms or rules to how the group will continue to
function become fixed. The major task function of stage three is the data
flow between group members: They share feelings and ideas, solicit and
give feedback to one another, and explore actions related to the task.
Creativity is high. If this stage of data flow and cohesion is attained by the
group members, their interactions are characterized by openness and
sharing of information on both a personal and task level. They feel good
about being part of an effective group.

iv)

Stage 4 : Working or performing

The Performing stage is not reached by all groups. If group members are
able to evolve to stage four, their capacity, range, and depth of personal
relations expand to true interdependence. In this stage, people can work
independently, in subgroups, or as a total unit with equal facility. Their
roles and authorities dynamically adjust to the changing needs of the
group and individuals. Stage four is marked by interdependence in
personal relations and problem solving in the realm of task functions. By
now, the group should be most productive. Individual members have
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become self-assuring, and the need for group approval is past. Members
are both highly task oriented and highly people oriented. There is unity:
group identity is complete, group morale is high, and group loyalty is
intense. The task function becomes genuine problem solving, leading
toward optimal solutions and optimum group development. There is
support for experimentation in solving problems and an emphasis on
achievement. The overall goal is productivity
through problem solving and work.

v)

Stage 5 : Adjourning

Adjourning, involves the termination of task behaviors and disengagement from

relationships. A planned conclusion usually includes recognition for participation
and achievement and an opportunity for members to say personal goodbyes.
Concluding a group can create some apprehension in effect, a minor crisis. The
termination of the group is a regressive movement from giving up control to giving
up inclusion in the group. The most effective interventions in this stage are those
that facilitate task termination and the disengagement process.

TYPES OF GROUP

i) Task Group
A group that comes together to perform a task that has a concrete goal. It is intended to
complete a specific task to solve and share about the problem and try to solve that
together.It is to help dicovertion that someone are not alone in how the feel.Example for
this group is community organizations, committees, planning groups and task force.

ii) Psychoeducational Group

Preventative and educational groups that help group members learn information about a
particular topic or issue and might also help group members cope with that same
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issue.This group may be taught by mental health experts,peer counselors who share a
similar diagnosis,or members of the community.Example for this group is support group
for a suicide, transition group to prepare students to enter high school and so on .

iii) Counselling Group

- These groups help participants resolve problems of living through interpersonal support
and problem solving.It is To help normal people with normal problems of living.It offers a
full range of counselling and support services for children,individuals,couples and
families.It helps to choose a therapist who is right for you and has the expertise in the
areas of concern about the partner,child and family. Example for this group is growth
group which is school,university and work place.

iv) Psychotherapy Group

- These groups focus on personality reconstruction or remediation of deep-seated
psychological problems.It is to help with psychological problems and disturbances.The
term can legitimately refer to any form of psychotherapy when delivered in a group
format,including cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy,but it is usually
applied to psychodynamic group therapy where the group context and group process is
explicitly utilized as a mechanism of change by developing and exploring within the
group.

vi)

Related Group

There are two types of related groups which is;

1. Support Group

These deal with special populations and deal with specific issues and offer support,
comfort, and connectedness to others.Members with the same issues can come
together for sharing coping strategies to feel more empowered and for a sense of
community.The help may take the form of providing and evaluating relevant
information,relating personal experience,listening to and accepting others experiences.

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2. Self-Help Groups

These have no formal or trained group leader.The members share a common problem
often a common disease or addiction.The mutual goal is to help each other to deal with,if
possible to heal or to recover from this problem.Example is the book of Alcoholics
Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous.

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GROUP COUSELLOR COMPETENCIES

1. Knowledge Competence
A variety of group method appropriately to achieving client objective to treatment
population.It is to research conserning the effectiveness of varying models and
strategies for population with substances use disorders.The research and theory is the
effectiveness of strategies for group counseling with member of varying cultural
groups.Therapeutic use of humor to treatment and solve the problems.

2. Skill Competence
The skill is designing and implementing strategies to meet the need of specific group.It is
also recognizing and accomodating appropriate individuals needs within the group.The
counseller must do therapeutic group for clients with substance use disorders.It is
effectively dealing with different type of resistance behavior, transference and counter
transference issue.The recognizing when members are ready to exit.

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GROUP DYNAMICS
The group dynamics is that division of social psychology that investigates the
formation and change in the structure and functions of the psychological grouping of
people into self directing wholes. It is a study group interaction through extensive
personal growth experience. a group may exist whenever two or more person show
some kind of interpendent relationship with one another. Group dynamics refers to
forces that result from the interaction of group members

CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS

It was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that the Research Centre for the
group dynamics was founded in 1945 and later in 1948 was moved to the University
of Michigan. It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision, group
productivity, group interaction, group cohesiveness and group communication. The
underlying assumption was that the laws of the group behavior can be established
independently of the goals or specific activities of group irrespective of the structure
of the group. A variety of experiments later on by Herbert Spenser, Allport , Georg
Simmel , put forward the concept of group dynamics as a technique of fostering the
conciliation between individuals and groups with an idea to formulate principles
which underlie group behavior , and devise principles of group decisions and actions.

INTERPENDENT CRITERIA

Performance of the group

Objectives of goal or expectation

Structure of the group position and roles

Norms

in 80s, term group dynamics divided into 2 practical attemps:

Intragroup and intergroup tension.

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THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE GROUP

i)

Individual
membership into group-social experience.

ii)

Group
two more person who interacting with one another.

NORMS
Norms functions as the rules of the games and help in smooth interaction of the
group , there are two categories of norms :
1.Explicit norms
Formal norms that all members are fully aware of and stated at the beginning of the
group.
2.Implicit norms
Informal norms not formally stated but involved standard practice by members of the
group which can elicit positive or negative reaction.

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SELF ESTEEM
Self esteem Refer to ones own worth , how you feel and how you evaluate yourself
and others .it gives you empowerment to be accountable and responsible for your
decision and judgement.

Selfrespect

Belief that you can

achieve what you set out
to do in life

Selfesteem

What you think and feel

about yourself

THEORIES OF GROUP FORMATION:

1. Interpersonal attraction theory
Most basic theories is which asserts that people tend to affiliate with
other because of spatial or geographical closeness. People from the same area or
city
tend to be more bound to each other.

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2. Group activities theory

This theory corporates the interrelatedness of elements of activities ,

interaction , sentiments
and the people usually interact to solve problems, reduce tension , attain
goals and achieve balance. The workers interacting in this way in
organizational setting tends to
form groups.

3. Group goals theory

groups get formed when the

individuals are attracted to each another

because of their identical attitude towards the common objects or goals. The
attraction and attitudes have to balance in his concept because if both are too
strong or too vague or mild , the group interrelationships can disappear.

4. Membership theory
based on rewards and its cost . The interaction between members is taken as
reward and if any relationship which is not rewarding may be costly enough to
cause tensions
Variables Affecting Group Development
-leadership style and skills
-enviroment a)physical factor
b)space/room
c)emotional factors
-cohesiveness

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Factors Affecting Group Activity

Size of the group

Threat reduction and degree of intimacy

Distributive leadership with focus of control on group activity

Goal formation

Flexibility

Consensus and degree of solidarity

Process awareness and continue evaluation

LEADERSHIP STYLE

A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing

plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadership styles that can
be exhibited by leaders. The first is :
1. AUTHORITARIAN - Leader centered
The authoritarian leadership

style or autocratic leader keeps

strict,

close

control over followers by keeping close regulation of policies and procedures given
to followers. To keep main emphasis on the distinction of the authoritarian leader
and their followers, these types of leaders make sure to only create a
distinct professional relationship. Direct supervision is what they believe to be key in
maintaining a successful environment and follower ship. In fear of followers being
unproductive, authoritarian leaders keep close supervision and feel this is necessary
in order for anything to be done. Authoritarian leadership styles often follow the
vision of those that are in control, and may not necessarily be compatible with those
that are being led. Authoritarian leaders have a focus on efficiency, as other styles,
such as a democratic style, may be seen as a hindrance on progress.
Examples of authoritarian communicative behaviour, a police officer directing
traffic, a teacher ordering a student to do his or her assignment, and a supervisor
instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a
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distinct set of characteristics that give the leader the position to get things in order or
get a point across. Authoritarian Traits, sets goals individually, engages primarily in
one way and downward communication, controls discussion with followers, and
donates interaction. Several studies have confirmed a relationship between bullying,
on the one hand, and an autocratic leadership and an authoritarian way of
settling conflicts or dealing with disagreements, on the other. An authoritarian style of
leadership may create a climate of fear, where there is little or no room for dialogue
and where complaining may be considered futile.

2. DEMOCRATIC Participant centered

The democratic leadership style consists of the leader sharing the decision
making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group
members and by practicing social equality. This style of leadership encompasses
discussion, debate and sharing of ideas and encouragement of people to feel good
about their involvement. The boundaries of democratic participation tend to be
circumscribed by the organization or the group needs and the instrumental value of
people's attributes skills, attitudes, others. The democratic style encompasses the
notion that everyone, by virtue of their human status, should play a part in the
group's decisions. However, the democratic style of leadership still requires guidance
and control by a specific leader. The democratic style demands the leader to make
decisions on who should be called upon within the group and who is given the right
to participate in, make and vote on decisions. Traits of a Good Leader compiled by
the Santa Clara University and the Tom Peters Group:
a.

Honest Display sincerity, integrity, and candor in all your actions. Deceptive
behavior will not inspire trust.

b.

Competent Base your actions on reason and moral principles. Do not make
decisions based on childlike emotional desires or feelings.

c.

Forward-looking Set goals and have a vision of the future. The vision must
be owned throughout the organization. Effective leaders envision what they want
and how to get it. They habitually pick priorities stemming from their basic values.

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d.

Inspiring Display confidence in all that you do. By showing endurance in

mental, physical, and spiritual stamina, you will inspire others to reach for new
heights. Take charge when necessary.

e.

Intelligent Read, study, and seek challenging assignments.

f.

Fair-minded Show fair treatment to all people. Prejudice is the enemy of

justice. Display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and
well-being of others.

g.

Broad-minded Seek out diversity.

h.

Courageous Have the perseverance to accomplish a goal, regardless of the

seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Display a confident calmness when under
stress.

i.

Straightforward Use sound judgment to make a good decisions at the right

time.

j.

Imaginative Make timely and appropriate changes in your thinking, plans, and
methods. Show creativity by thinking of new and better goals, ideas, and
solutions to problems. Be innovative.

Research has found that this leadership style is one of the most effective and
creates higher productivity, better contributions from group members and increased
group morale. Democratic leadership can lead to better ideas and more creative
solutions to problems because group members are encouraged to share their
thoughts and ideas. While democratic leadership is one of the most effective
leadership styles, it does have some potential downsides. In situations where roles
are unclear or time is of the essence, democratic leadership can lead to
communication failures and uncompleted projects. Democratic leadership works
best in situations where group members are skilled and eager to share their
knowledge. It is also important to have plenty of time to allow people to contribute,
develop a plan and then vote on the best course of action

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3. LAISSEZ FAIRE - No designated leadership

The laissez-faire leadership style is where all the rights and power to make
decisions is fully given to the client. This was first described by Lewin, Lippitt, and
White in 1938, along with the autocratic leadership and the democratic leadership
styles. The laissez-faire style is sometimes described as a "hands off" leadership
style because the leader delegates the tasks to their clients while providing little or
no direction to the followers. If the leader withdraws too much from their clients it
can sometimes result in a lack of productivity, cohesiveness, and satisfaction.
Laissez-faire leaders allow client to have complete freedom to make decisions
concerning the completion of their work. It allows followers a high degree of
autonomy and self-rule, while at the same time offering guidance and support when
requested. The laissez-faire leader using guided freedom provides the followers with
all materials necessary to accomplish their goals, but does not directly participate in
decision making unless the followers request their assistance.

LEADERSHIP FUNCTION
Another way to view leadership style is to consider leadership functions. Yalom (
2005 ) state that the leader may provide emotional stimulation , caring , praise ,
protection , acceptance , interpretations and explanation. The leader also may serve
as a model through self-disclosure and as a persons who sets limits , enforce rules ,
and manages time. In other words , depending on the kind of group , the leader may
perform many different role and functions. In a middle school group on transitioning
to high school , the leader serve as a person with information and ideas on how to
make the transition easier. In a crisis group after a suicide , the leader functions is to
be supportive , reassuring , and facilitative. In a group for going over rules in a
residential setting , the leader is the authority , on what is expected of the residents.
In a group on information for cancer patient , the leader is the experts.

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GROUP LEADERSHIP TECHNIQUES

A.

Facilitating communication:
Giving constructive feedback, preventing members from engaging in negative
behaviors (gossiping, storytelling etc.)

B.

Group Processing:
Making comments on group process to keep the group therapeutic and
attending to group dynamics.

C.

Directing the Focus on the Here and Now:

Keeping the focus on right now and not going back to dwell on the past.

D.

Experimentation:
Helping members try out new attitudes and behaviors.

E.

Universalizing:
Helping members realize they are not alone in their problem(s).

F.

Linking:
Connecting various feelings and concerns expressed by group members to
present a common theme or universalizing aspect.

CONCERNS IN GROUP WORK

A. Group Size:
Varies from 3-4 members to several hundred depending upon the group
example

psychotherapeutic or task group.

Group counseling and

psychotherapy generally work best with 6-8 members.

B. Participant Selection:
Screening is needed with counseling and psychotherapy groups. Some people
are not well suited for group work.
C. Length and Duration of Sessions:
Individual sessions are usually 50 minutes, group sessions range from 1-2
hours. Session duration can be only once or in some cases might last for years
example open-ended psychotherapy group.

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D. Ethics:
Confidentiality is hard to guarantee due to the number of participants.
E. Group Evaluation:
Outcome measurements are difficult to obtain.

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SURVEY ON GROUP COUNSELING

We have conducted a survey on group counselling to 20 respondents. These are the
response we receive;

Question 1: have you heard of group

counseling before?
20%

80%

yes

no

Based on the pie chart above, there are 20% of people which is equivalent to 4
person answer no on the first question. The rest is 80% have heard of the group
counselling.

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Question 2: How do you know about

group counseling?
14
12

12
11

11

10
8

4
2

2
0
internet

friends

family

schools

magazine

teacher

newspaper

Based on the graph above, the most source they heard about group counselling is
from school which has the highest frequency ticked by the respondent. The least
source they heard from is newspapers which has only 2 frequency.

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Question 3: does the group counseling

affect you?
20%

yes
80%

no

Based on the pie chart above, 80% out of 100% feels like that the group counselling
affect them. While the other 20% state that the group counselling have no effect on
them.

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Question 4: what types of groups do

you prefer?
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Based on the graph above, out of 20 respondents, 10 respondents prefer group

counselling, 5 on psychoeducational group counselling and 5 on task groups.

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Question 5: What is the weaknesses

of group counselling?
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Based on question 5 that discussed about the weaknesses of group counselling, out
of 20 respondents, 13 of them answer less time and less attention, 5 of them answer
less situational control, 2 of the answer confidentiality is difficult to mandate and
another 2 is forcing on all group opinion.

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Question 6: what do you think the

advantage of group counseling
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Based on the graph above, the most advantage is improve their self esteem which
has the highest number 12 people.

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Question 7 : which do you prefer the

most?
15%
30%

55%

group
counseling
individual
counseling
family
counseling

Based on the pie chart above,out of 100 %, 55% which is equivalent to 11

respondent prefer individual counselling. Whereas 30% that is equivalent to 6
respondents prefer group counselling, and the rest is family counselling.

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Question 8: Which leadership do

you prefer the most?
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Based on the graph, the most leadership syle they prefer is laissez faire and
situational leadership model which both share the same amount of respondent.

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Question 9: Do you think that group

counseling is effective?

25%

yes
75%

no

Based on the pie chart above, 75% of respondent thinks that his group counselling is
effective while 25% left feels the opposite.

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QUESTION 10: DO YOU HAVE TO

REVEAL ALL YOU DEEPEST SECRET AND
FEELING TO THE GROUP?

no
35%

yes
65%

Based on the pie chart above, 65% out of 100% say yes and 35% left answers no.

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CONCLUSION

Conclusion Group counseling is indeed a very effective way to solve ones problem.
It is a process through which severe problems can be tackled properly. In order to
carry out effective group counseling, one should keep group members respect and
dignity in mind. Conduction effective group counselling relies on the preparation of
group leaders and the abilities to plan and conduct group extra time in preparation is
crucial to the life of the group. This process includes screening of members,
selecting a manageable number of group participant establishing a regular place and
time fo the conducting of the group. And setting rules. In running successful group
counselling is dependent on many factors. Ultimately, the secret of conducting
effective counselling groups are in learning how groups operate and then personally
investing in them.

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REFERENCES

Childers, J.H & Couch, R.D (1989). Mhyts about group counselling: Identifying and
challenging misconceptions. Journal for specialist in Group Work. 14,105-111.
www.academia.edu/6515547/Group_Couseling
http://www.education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-stages-of-the-groupexperience-in-counseling.html#lesson
Group Counseling // University Counseling Center // University of Notre Dame
counseling competencies - Google Search

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APPENDIX
Group members

Nurul Afiqah Binti Mohd Amin

Leonna Dail

Nor Shila Fatihah

First presenter

second presenter

third presenter

Introduction until history

advantages and disadvantages

types of groups until

of groups

until stages of groups

group counselor
competencies

Sarazerah James

Kathleen Kanyan

Forth presenter

fifth presenter

Group dynamics

leadership style until techniques

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Page | 37