Region

Brain Stem

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pineal Gland

Function
Medulla autonomic nervous
activity such as regulating
respiration, heart rate, blood
pressure and digestive processes
Pons trigeminal nerve and
facial nerve
Mid brain vision, hearing,
motor control, sleep/wake,
alertness, temperature
Coordination of voluntary
movement, precision, accurate
timing of the movement, motor
learning, balance, posture
Relay between different
subcortical areas and the
cerebral cortex, relaying motor
and sensory information,
regulating sleep and
wakefulness, memory, alertness
Unconscious functions and
controls pituitary gland therefore
most of the hormones in the
body. Homeostasis controlling
body temperature, hunger, thirst,
fatigue, sleep, circadian rhythms
Secretion of melatonin, which
regulates the circadian rhythm
(sleep-awake cycle)

Basal Ganglia

Voluntary movements, sequence

learning, routine behaviours,
habit formation, skill learning

Nucleus
Accumbens

Reward system the system

that makes you feel good about
what youre doing or
experiencing, encouraging you to
do it again
Short term memory to long-term
memory, spatial navigation

Hippocampus

Frontal Lobe

Movement, decision making,

problem solving, planning

Parietal Lobe

Processing information carried

out by the sensory inputs from
the skin, muscles, joints, and
internal organs
Receives and processes auditory
information from the auditory
thalamus in the ears

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Prefrontal Cortex

Receives and processes visual

information from the visual
thalamus from the retina of the
eye
Voluntary behaviour such as
decisions, planning, problem
solving, thinking. Attention,
inhibition, intelligence, social

Damage
Sleep disorders, difficulties in
balancing and moving, organ
failure, death due to regulation
of essential bodily functions

Cognitive Disease
-

Tremor, loss of coordination,

inability to walk, impaired
speech, dizziness

Some forms of autism,

schizophrenia and
dyslexia

Coma, amnesia, impaired

sensory information
processing, impaired
movements and posture, pain,
dementia, sleepiness

Bipolar disorders,
ADHD, autism,
depression,
Alzheimers

Aggression, hypothermia,
hypersomnia, lethargy, weight
gain or loss, chronic stress

Depression, bipolar
disorders,
schizophrenia, and
hormonal diseases

Disruption of circadian rhythm

and sleep as well as pituitary
gland secretion of some
hormones
Tremors, involuntary muscle
movement, abnormal increase
in muscle tone, abnormal
posture, difficulty initiating
movement, Parkinsons
disease, Huntingtons disease
Behaviour impairments

Memory impairment,
disorientation

Alzheimers disease,
depression, bipolar
disorder,
schizophrenia
Autism, ADHD,
depression, bipolar
disorders, some forms
of schizophrenia
ADHD, Alzheimers,
schizophrenia

Carrying out motor/muscle

movements, speech
impairment, distortion of body
image
Inability to locate and
recognise objects, events,
parts of the body

Depression and
schizophrenia

Addiction, depression
and schizophrenia

Recognition, perception,
understanding language,
learning and memory

Schizophrenia, early
Alzheimers disease
and autism

Hallucinations, blindness,
inability to distinguish colours,
motion

Schizophrenia, bipolar
disorders, autism and
depression

skills