Population Ecology

Chapter 9
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
____
____
____
____
1. The changes in population size, density, dispersion, and age structure are known as
a. succession.
b. demography.
c. population dynamics.
d. biotic potential.
e. carrying capacity.
2. The most common pattern of population dispersion found in nature is
a. random.
b. uniform.
c. clumped.
d. dispersed.
e. none of these answers
3. You are an ecologist studying the population dynamics of an ecosystem. You observe that resources are not evenly distributed. You predict the
population dispersion pattern is
a. uniform.
b. random.
c. clumped.
d. dispersed.
4. Which of the following is not one of the age structure categories?
a. prereproductive
b. reproductive
c. postreproductive
d. elderly
5. Emigration is
a. one-way movement of individuals into the area of an established population.
b. one-way movement of individuals into an uninhabited area.
c. one-way movement of individuals out of a particular population to another area.
d. the repeated departure and return of individuals to and from a population area.
e. all of these answers
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
6. A population will increase if

a. natality decreases.
b. mortality increases.
c. the biotic potential increases.
d. the environmental resistance increases.
7. Which of the following factors leads to an increase in biotic potential?
a. too much or too little light
b. low reproductive rate
c. too many competitors
d. optimal level of critical nutrients
e. specialized niche
8. Carrying capacity refers to
a. reproductive rate.
b. interaction of natality and mortality.
c. the maximum size of population the environment will support.
d. the proportion of males to females.
e. the intrinsic rate of increase.
9. A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter ____.
a. J
b. L
c. M
d. S
e. N
10. An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____.
a. J
b. L
c. M
d. S
e. N
11. A population crash occurs when
a. a population approaches its carrying capacity.
b. environmental resistance comes into play gradually.
c. resources are essentially unlimited.
d. a population overshoots carrying capacity and environmental pressures cause effects.
e. the population growth rate slows.
12. A population grows, overshoots its carrying capacity, and crashes, most likely from
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
____ 18.
a. a positive feedback loop.

b. a negative feedback loop.
c. a time delay between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop.
d. an accumulation.
Humans have extended Earth's carrying capacity for the human species by
a. controlling many diseases.
b. using energy resources at a rapid rate.
c. using material resources at a rapid rate.
d. increasing life span.
Density-dependent population controls include all of the following except
a. disease.
b. human destruction of habitat.
c. parasitism.
d. competition for resources.
e. predation.
Density-independent population controls include all of the following except
a. drought.
b. fire.
c. resource competition.
d. unfavorable chemical changes in the environment.
e. habitat destruction.
All of the following are general types of population change curves except
a. explosive.
b. stable.
c. cyclic.
d. irruptive.
e. irregular.
Which of the following terms best describes the type of population change you would expect to find for a muskrat population in a state that has
just outlawed trapping?
a. explosive
b. stable
c. cyclic
d. irruptive
e. irregular
Wolves controlling deer populations are an example of
____ 19.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
____ 24.
a. bottom-up population control.

b. top-down population control.
c. producer-level control.
d. predator control.
K-strategists
a. have high genetic diversity.
b. are more responsive to environmental changes than r-strategists.
c. exhibit fast rates of evolution.
d. are generally less adaptable to change than r-strategists.
e. reach reproductive age rapidly.
Which of the following is an r-strategist?
a. human
b. insect
c. rhinoceros
d. saguaro cactus
e. whale
Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a mountain gorilla?
a. late loss
b. constant loss
c. early loss
d. no loss
Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a fish?
a. late loss
b. constant loss
c. early loss
d. no loss
Which of the following connections among population cycle, survival strategies, and survivorship curves would you most expect to see?
a. boom-and-bust; K-strategist; early loss
b. boom-and-bust; r-strategist; early loss
c. stable; r-strategist; early loss
d. stable; K-strategist; early loss
e. stable; r-selected species; late loss
Which of the following types of species is least vulnerable to habitat fragmentation?
a. generalists
b. specialists
c. large predators
d. migratory species
e. keystone species
____ 25. Which of the following is not one of the basic lessons from nature?
a. Sunlight is the source of energy that sustains ecosystems.
b. Soil, water, air, and organisms are renewed through natural processes.
c. All populations of organisms except humans are kept in check by natural means.
d. Energy is required to maintain energy flow and recycle chemicals.
e. There are always limits to population growth and resource consumption.
Matching
____ 26. Choose the letter that represents when resources are not limiting and a population can grow at its intrinsic rate of increase.
____ 27. Choose the letter that represents population size at which a population in a particular environment will stabilize when its supply of resources
remains constant.
____ 28. Choose the letter that represents limiting abiotic factors.
____ 29. Choose the letter that represents a population's capacity for growth.
____ 30. Choose the portion of the curve that results from reproductive time lag.
____ 31. Choose the portion of the curve that results from the biotic potential and environmental resistance.
____ 32. Choose the portion of the graph that can also be called a dieback.
____ 33. Choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of reindeer that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area.
____ 34. Choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of reindeer that exceeded the capacity of their environment.
Chapter 9
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
TOP:
2. ANS:
TOP:
3. ANS:
TOP:
4. ANS:
TOP:
5. ANS:
TOP:
6. ANS:
TOP:
7. ANS:
TOP:
8. ANS:
TOP:
9. ANS:
TOP:
10. ANS:
TOP:
11. ANS:
TOP:
12. ANS:
TOP:
13. ANS:
TOP:
14. ANS:
TOP:
15. ANS:
TOP:
C
DIF: E
9-1 POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CARRYING CAPACITY
C
DIF: E
C
DIF: E
D
DIF: E
C
DIF: E
C
DIF: E
D
DIF: M
C
DIF: M
D
DIF: E
A
DIF: E
D
DIF: M
C
DIF: M
E
DIF: D
B
DIF: M
C
DIF: M
16. ANS:
TOP:
17. ANS:
TOP:
18. ANS:
TOP:
19. ANS:
20. ANS:
21. ANS:
22. ANS:
23. ANS:
24. ANS:
TOP:
25. ANS:
TOP:
A
DIF: M
D
DIF: E
B
DIF: M
D
DIF: M
TOP: 9-2 REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS AND SURVIVAL
B
DIF: E
A
DIF: E
C
DIF: E
B
DIF: M
A
DIF: E
9-3 EFFECTS OF GENETIC VARIATIONS ON POPULATION SIZE
C
DIF: D
9-4 HUMAN IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS: LEARNING FROM NATURE
MATCHING
26.
27.
28.
29.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
B
D
C
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
M
M
M
M
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
Labeling
Labeling
Labeling
Labeling
30. ANS: A
31. ANS: B
DIF: E
DIF: E
OBJ: Labeling
OBJ: Labeling
32. ANS: C
33. ANS: A
34. ANS: B
DIF: M
DIF: M
DIF: M
OBJ: Labeling
OBJ: Labeling
OBJ: Labeling

Population Ecology

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Population Ecology

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Chapter 9

6. A population will increase if

a. a positive feedback loop.

a. bottom-up population control.

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