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Section 40.1 Blackbody Radiation and
Plancks Hypothesis
1.
The human eye is most sensitive to
560-nm light. What is the temperature of a
black body that would radiate most
intensely at this wavelength?
2.
(a) Lightning produces a maximum
air temperature on the order of 104 K,
whereas (b) a nuclear explosion produces a
temperature on the order of 107 K. Use
Wiens displacement law to find the order
of magnitude of the wavelength of the
thermally produced photons radiated with
greatest intensity by each of these sources.
Name the part of the electromagnetic
spectrum where you would expect each to
radiate most strongly.
3.
A black body at 7 500 K consists of an
opening of diameter 0.050 0 mm, looking
into an oven. Find the number of photons
per second escaping the hole and having
wavelengths between 500 nm and 501 nm.
4.
Consider a black body of surface area
20.0 cm2 and temperature 5 000 K. (a) How
much power does it radiate? (b) At what
wavelength does it radiate most intensely?
Find the spectral power per wavelength at
(c) this wavelength and at wavelengths of
(d) 1.00 nm (an x- or ray), (e) 5.00 nm
(ultraviolet light or an x-ray), (f) 400 nm (at
Figure P40.28
29. A photon having wavelength
scatters off a free electron at A (Fig. P40.29)
producing a second photon having
wavelength . This photon then scatters off
another free electron at B, producing a third
photon having wavelength and moving
in a direction directly opposite the original
photon as shown in Figure P40.29.
Determine the numerical value of =
.
Figure P40.29
2.86 10 11
Kn
Figure P40.38
39. (a) Show that the frequency f and
wavelength of a freely moving particle are
related by the expression
f
c
1
1
2
2
hf = =
p 2 c 2 m 2 c 4 and the
1/ 2
2H
1/ 4
Figure P40.54
55. The following table shows data
obtained in a photoelectric experiment. (a)
Using these data, make a graph similar to
Figure 40.11 that plots as a straight line.
From the graph, determine (b) an
experimental value for Plancks constant (in
joule-seconds) and (c) the work function (in
electron volts) for the surface. (Two
significant figures for each answer are
sufficient.)
Wavelength
(nm)
Maximum Kinetic
Energy of
Photoelectrons (eV)
588
505
445
399
0.67
0.98
1.35
1.63
c
1 / C
I , T d T
0 e x 1 15
(b) Show that the StefanBoltzmann
constant has the value
2 5 k B
2
15c h
4
3
5.67 10 8 W/m 2 K 4
4.965
e 1
x
dx
Figure P40.63
64. The neutron has a mass of 1.67 1027
kg. Neutrons emitted in nuclear reactions
can be slowed down via collisions with
matter. They are referred to as thermal
neutrons once they come into thermal
equilibrium with their surroundings. The
average kinetic energy (3kBT/2) of a thermal
neutron is approximately 0.04 eV. Calculate
the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron with
a kinetic energy of 0.040 0 eV. How does it
compare with the characteristic atomic
spacing in a crystal? Would you expect
thermal neutrons to exhibit diffraction
effects when scattered by a crystal?
65. Show that the ratio of the Compton
wavelength C to the de Broglie wavelength
= h/p for a relativistic electron is
C E
m e c 2
1/ 2
E0
1 cos
E ' E 0 1
2
me c
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' 0
Figure P40.70