454

CHAPTER 4

Integration

4.7
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate integrals using
a table of integration
formulas.

Integration Techniques: Tables

Tables of Integration Formulas
You have probably noticed that, generally speaking, integration is more challenging
than differentiation. Because of this, integral formulas that are reasonable and/or
important have been gathered into tables. Table 1, shown below and inside the back
cover of this book, is a brief example of such a table. Entire books of integration formulas are available in libraries, and lengthy tables are also available online. Such tables
are usually classified by the form of the integrand. The idea is to properly match the integral in question with a formula in the table. Sometimes some algebra or a technique
such as substitution or integration by parts may be needed as well as a table.
TABLE 1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Integration Formulas

x n dx =

xn+1
+ C, n Z - 1
n + 1

dx
= ln x + C, x 7 0
L x
L
L
L

u dv = uv -

v du

e x dx = e x + C
1 # ax
e + C
a

e ax dx =

# e ax1ax - 12 + C
a2
n
x ne ax
x n e ax dx =
x n - 1e ax dx + C
7.
a
aL
L
6.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.

16.

L
L
L
L

xe ax dx =

ln x dx = x ln x - x + C
1ln x2n dx = x1ln x2n - n
x n ln x dx = x n + 1 c
a x dx =
1

L 2x 2 - a 2

La - x

dx = ln x + 2x 2 + a 2 + C
dx = ln x + 2x 2 - a 2 + C

dx =

1
x - a
ln `
` +C
2a
x + a

dx =

1
a + x
ln `
` +C
2a
a - x

1
2

1
L x2a + x
2

1
ln x
d + C, n Z - 1
n + 1
1n + 122

1
Lx - a

1ln x2n - 1 dx + C, n Z - 1

ax
+ C, a 7 0, a Z 1
ln a

L 2x 2 + a 2
1

dx = -

1
a + 2a 2 + x 2
ln `
` +C
a
x

(continued)

4.7
TABLE 1

17.

Integration Techniques: Tables

455

(continued)

1
L x2a 2 - x 2

dx = -

a + 2a 2 - x 2
1
ln `
` +C
x
a

a
x
x
a
dx = 2 + - 2 ln a + bx + C
a
+
bx
b
b
b
L
x
a
1
19.
dx = 2
+ 2 ln a + bx + C
2
1a
+
bx2
b
1a
+
bx2
b
L
18.

20.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

1
1
x
dx = ln `
` +C
a
a + bx
L x1a + bx2
1
L x1a + bx2
L
L
L

1
x
1
+ 2 ln `
` +C
a + bx
a1a + bx2
a

dx =

2x 2 ; a 2 dx =

1
2

x2a + bx dx =
x 2 2a + bx dx =
x dx

L 2a + bx
x 2 dx
L 2a + bx

=
=

2
3b 2

C x2x 2 ; a 2 ; a 2 ln x + 2x 2 ; a 2 D + C
2

15b 2
2

105b 3

Solution The integral

115b 2x 2 - 12abx + 8a 221a + bx23>2 + C

1bx - 2a22a + bx + C

15b 3

EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate:

13bx - 2a21a + bx23>2 + C

13b 2x 2 - 4abx + 8a 222a + bx + C

dx
.
L x13 - x2

dx
fits formula 20 in Table 1:
L x13 - x2

1
x
1
dx = ln `
` + C.
a
a + bx
L x1a + bx2
In the given integral, a = 3 and b = - 1, so we have, by the formula,
dx
1
x
= ln `
` +C
x13
x2
3
3
+
112x
L
Quick Check 1
Evaluate:

2x
dx.
2
L 13 - 5x2

1
x
ln `
` + C.
3
3 - x

O Quick Check 1
EXAMPLE 2 Evaluate:

5x
dx.
L 7x - 8

Solution We first factor 5 out of the integral. The integral then fits formula 18 in
Table 1:
x
a
x
a
dx = 2 + - 2 ln a + bx + C.
a
+
bx
b
b
b
L

456

CHAPTER 4

Integration

In the given integral, a = - 8 and b = 7, so we have, by the formula,

5x
x
dx = 5
dx
L 7x - 8
L - 8 + 7x
-8
x
-8
= 5c 2 +
- 2 ln - 8 + 7x d + C
7
7
7
x
8
-8
ln 7x - 8 d + C
+
+
49
7
49
5x
40
40
+
+
= ln 7x - 8 + C.
49
7
49
= 5c

Quick Check 2

Evaluate:

3
dx.
2
L 2x17 - 3x2

O Quick Check 2
EXAMPLE 3 Evaluate: 1 216x 2 + 3 dx.
Solution This integral almost fits formula 22 in Table 1:
L

2x 2 ; a 2 dx =

1
2

C x2x 2 ; a 2 ; a 2 ln x + 2x 2 ; a 2 D + C.

But the coefficient of x 2 needs to be 1. To achieve this, we first factor out 16. Then we
apply formula 22:
L

216x 2 + 3 dx =
=

216 A x
L
L

= 4

B dx

3
16

4 2x 2 +

3
16

dx

Using the properties of

radicals; 216 = 4

3
16

dx

We have a 2 =

3
16

2x

3
16

2x

Factoring

= 4 # 12 C x 2x 2 +

3
16

3
16

3
16

3
16

ln x +

= 2 C x 2x 2 +

ln x +

2x

3
16

D +C

D + C.

In the given integral, a 2 = 3>16 and a = 23>4, though we did not need to use a in
this form when applying the formula.

Quick Check 3

Evaluate: 1 x 2 28 + 3x dx.

O Quick Check 3
EXAMPLE 4 Evaluate:

dx
.
L x - 25
2

Solution This integral fits formula 14 in Table 1:

1
1
x - a
dx =
ln `
` + C.
2
2a
x + a
Lx - a
2

In the given integral, a 2 = 25, so a = 5. We have, by the formula,

Quick Check 4
Evaluate:

in formula 22.

dx
1
x - 5
=
ln `
` + C.
10
x + 5
L x - 25
2

4
dx.
L x - 11
2

O Quick Check 4

457

Exercise Set 4.7

EXAMPLE 5 Evaluate: 1 1ln x23 dx.

Solution This integral fits formula 9 in Table 1:
L

1ln x2n dx = x1ln x2n - n

1ln x2n - 1 dx + C, n Z - 1.

We must apply the formula three times:

L

1ln x23 dx = x1ln x23 - 3

1ln x22 dx + C

= x1ln x23 - 3cx1ln x22 - 2

Formula 9, with n = 3

ln x dx d + C

= x1ln x23 - 3cx1ln x22 - 2ax ln x -

Applying formula 9
again, with n = 2

dxb d + C

= x1ln x2 - 3x1ln x2 + 6x ln x - 6x + C.
3

Quick Check 5
Evaluate: 1 x 4 ln x dx.

Applying formula
9 for the third
time, with n = 1

O Quick Check 5

The Web site www.integrals.com can be used to find integrals. If you have access
to the Internet, use this Web site to check Examples 15 or to do the exercises in the
following set.

Section Summary
Tables of integrals or the Web site www.integrals.com can
be used to evaluate many integrals.

Some algebraic simplification of the integrand may be

required before the correct integral form can be identified.

EXERCISE SET

4.7
Evaluate using Table 1.
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.

L
L

xe -3x dx

2.

6x dx

4.

1
L 25 - x

dx
2

x
dx
L3 - x
1
L x18 - x2
L
L
L

17.

6.
8.

dx
2

10.

ln 13x2 dx

12.

x 4 ln x dx

14.

x 3 ln x dx

16.

2xe 3x dx
1

dx

L 2x 2 - 9
1
L x24 + x
x

L 11 - x2
L

dx

dx
2

2x 2 + 9 dx

4
ln a xb dx
5
L
L
L

x 3e -2x dx
5x 4 ln x dx

19.
21.
23.
25.
27.

29.

dx

18.

L 2x + 7
2

10 dx
L x15 - 7x2
-5
L 4x - 1
2

dx

24m 2 + 16 dm
- 5 ln x
x3

L
ex

L x -3

dx

dx

x21 + 2x dx

20.
22.
24.
26.
28.

30.

3 dx
L x21 - x 2
2
dx
5x17x
+ 22
L
L

29t 2 - 1 dt
3 ln x

L x2
L

dx

1ln x24 dx
3

L 24x 2 + 100
L

x22 + 3x dx

dx