AA SM 103composites BucklingofFoamCoreSandwichPanels

Standard Stress Method
Doc: AA-SM-103
Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

A.1.0.0 Acceptable method for buckling of foam core composite faced panels
A.1.1.0 Assumptions
Facing panels are orthotropic
Facing panels are symmetric about the central plane of thickness, t 1 = t2 = t
The core is isotropic
A.1.2.0 Basic Equations
Fcr =
Ef
( ) ( 1 )
2 K h
4 b
Equation 1
Where
K for shear is determined from Fig. AA-SM-103.1
The value of K Depends on the following expressions:
D
v= 2
b U
Equation 2
Where
U=
Gc h
tc
E ' th 2
D=
2(12 )
Equation 3
Equation 4
D' can be generated from the D stiffness matrix for the specific composite lay-up using
the following expression:
D= D11 D22
Equation 5
Technical Note:
D is the term that describes the out of plane bending stiffness of the plate
The different values of 'v' give a relative stiffness of the core to the facing sheets when v=0 the core has the same stiffness as the face sheets (no core). As v increases
in magnitude the stiffness of the core relative to the face sheet decreases.
Revision: A
Page: 1
Prepared by: R. Abbott
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 2

A.2.0.0 Shear Buckling Coefficients for Flat Sandwich Panels
A.2.1.0 Methodology
Shear Buckling Coefficient

for Isotropic Panels,
From Fig. C5.11 in Bruhn
10
9
Isotropic Facings &
Isotropic Core v = 0
8
Ks
v = 0.15
3.61
3
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
b/a
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
b/a
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Fig. AA-SM-103.1
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 3

A.2.1.0 Methodology (continued)
Data for digitization for Fig. AA-SM-103.1
b/a
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
v=0.0
4.54
4.57
4.6
4.65
4.71
4.78
4.86
4.99
5.08
5.21
5.32
5.46
5.62
5.8
5.97
6.18
6.37
6.66
6.9
7.22
7.58
v=0.05
3.93
3.96
3.98
4.03
4.06
4.11
4.17
4.25
4.32
4.42
4.49
4.61
4.71
4.83
4.93
5.08
5.22
5.37
5.55
5.72
5.93
v=0.1
3.43
3.46
3.46
3.5
3.55
3.59
3.63
3.67
3.73
3.81
3.86
3.96
4.04
4.14
4.21
4.31
4.39
4.53
4.63
4.74
4.86
v=0.2
2.76
2.76
2.79
2.8
2.82
2.86
2.89
2.93
2.96
3
3.02
3.08
3.12
3.16
3.2
3.27
3.33
3.38
3.44
3.51
3.58
v=0.4
1.96
1.96
1.98
1.99
1.99
2
2.02
2.03
2.06
2.07
2.1
2.11
2.13
2.14
2.17
2.18
2.2
2.21
2.22
2.22
2.25
The following digitization's were used for each of the curves:

v=0.0
v=0.05
v=0.1
v=0.2
v=0.4
y = 2.8771x2 + 0.0289x + 4.5773

y = 1.7058x2 + 0.251x + 3.9426
y = 1.0821x2 + 0.3603x + 3.4263
y = 0.5321x2 + 0.2899x + 2.7523
y = 0.0368x2 + 0.2741x + 1.9451
The approximation has been designed to linear interpolate between the defined curves.
Panels with v values larger than 0.4 are linearly extrapolated up to values of the buckling
coefficients Ks = 1.0, which is assumed as a minimum.
A macro sheet has been written to automate the calculations. Sample calculation is
shown on the following page.
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 4

A.2.2.0 Sample Calculation
Core
ss
b
ss a > b
ss
tC
ss
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
E=
e =
8.00 mm
6655 MPa
Core Thickness
Effective Young's Modulus of Facing
0.05
Poison's Ratio
GC =
22.0 MPa
Core Modulus of Rigidity
d=
h=
b/a =
=
D=
U=
v=
10.00
9.00
0.60
1.00
270203
222.8
0.13
KS =
#ADDIN?
FCR =
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN? MPa
Long Edge
Short Edge
= t C#ADDIN?
+ t F + tF
#ADDIN?
= d - tF
= b #ADDIN?
/a
= 1 - e2
2
= Et#ADDIN?
F h / (2)
#ADDIN?
= GC hh / t C
= if(#ADDIN?
c188<a , [ 2D] / [b2U] , [ 2D] / [a2U] )
Shear Buckling Coefficient From Fig. AA-SM-103.1

2
2
#ADDIN?
= 0.25(
)K S(E / )(h / b)
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103

A.3.0.0 Shear Buckling Coefficients for Curved Sandwich Panels
A.3.1.0 Methodology
Fig. C5.11 in Bruhn gives curves for the shear buckling coefficients Ks for panels
made from isotropic materials.
6.85
1.67
The curve for hinged (simply supported) edges has been digitized and plotted over the
curve for composite panels having v = 0 (isotropic facings and isotropic core) in
Figure DJ1-SM-006.1.
It can be observed that the theoretical curve for v = 0 closely matches the
experimentally derived curve in Bruhn, which allows to define a relationship between
isotropic plates and sandwich plates with isotropic cores.
As the stiffness of the core relative to the face sheets decrease, the buckling
coefficient Ks decreases. Thus, for each value of b/a, a scale factor can be
determined, which will relate the Ks of an isotropic panel to Ks of a sandwich panel.
The same scale factor can be then used to find Ks of a curved sandwich panel with
isotropic core, having the Ks of an equivalent isotropic curved panel. Figures C9.4
and C9.5 in Bruhn give Ks coefficients for curved long and wide panels. Note that the
increase in stiffness due to curvature is proportional in both isotropic and sandwich
panels, and it is independent of the material of which the panel is made from, or its
stiffness.
Revision: A
Page: 5
The same scale factor can be then used to find Ks of a curved sandwich panel with
isotropic core, having the Ks of an equivalent isotropic curved panel. Figures C9.4
and C9.5 in Bruhn give Ks coefficients for curved long and wide panels. Note that the
increase in stiffness due to curvature is proportional in both isotropic and sandwich
panels, and it is independent of the material of which the panel is made from, or its
stiffness.
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103

Steps to find the Ks for a curved sandwich panel:
1. Given panel dimensions a, b, and t, find the Ks for flat isotropic panel from Fig. C5.11
in Bruhn.
2. Using the same panel dimensions find Ks of a sandwich panel from Fig. AA-SM-103.1
Note that the sandwich thickness must be equal to t of the isotropic panel in Step 1.
3. Find the scaling factor Ks isotropic / Ks sandwich.
4. Using either Fig. C9.4 or Fig. C9.5 in Bruhn determine the Ks for the curved panel of
the same dimensions a, b, and t, and radius of curvature r.
5. Calculate Ks of the curved sandwich panel by multiplying the Ks found in Step 4.
by the factor determined in Step 3
10.85
15.9
Revision: A
Page: 6
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 7

A.3.2.0 Sample calculation
r
r
ss
Core
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
WIDE PANEL
tC
tF
Facing
LONG PANEL
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
tC =
8.00 mm
600.0 mm
Core Thickness
Radius of Curvature
6655 MPa
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
r=
Ef =
e =
GC =
1.00 mm
Straight Edge
Curved Edge
Facing Thickness
PANEL IS LONG
d=
h=
b/a =
a/b =
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
10.00
9.00
0.60
1.67
1.00
270287
222.8
0.13
KS1 =
#ADDIN?
14.98
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
= t C#ADDIN?
+ t F + tF
#ADDIN?
= d - tF
= b #ADDIN?
/a
#ADDIN?
=1/b/a
2
= E#ADDIN?
f t F h / (2
= G#ADDIN?
C hh / t C
#ADDIN?
= if( c355<a , [ 2D] / [b2U] , [ 2D] / [a2U] )
Isotropic, Flat Plates (From Fig. C5.11)
KS2 =
#ADDIN?
f=
KS3 =
#ADDIN?
KS4 =
#ADDIN?
FSCR =
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN? MPa
Date: April 2009
Sandwich Flat Panels (From Fig. AA-SM-103.1)

Scaling Factor KS2 / KS1
Isotropic, Curved Panels (From Fig. C9.4 or C9.5)
Sandwich Curved Panels KS4 = f KS3
2
2
= 0.25(
#ADDIN?
)KS4(Ef / (h / b)
Checked by:___________________Date:__________

A.4.0.0 Compression Buckling Coefficients for Flat Sandwich Panels
A.4.1.0 Methodology
14
12
10
Kc
2.55
2
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 8
2.55
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
a/b
1.2
b/a
1.4
1.6
1.67
1.8
Fig. AA-SM-103.2
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103

Data for digitization for Fig. AA-SM-103.2
a/b
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
v = 0.0
13
7.5
5.4
4.3
3.7
3.38
3.21
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
v = 0.1
9.19
7.43
5.65
4.46
3.73
3.24
2.92
2.75
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.71
v = 0.2
4.75
4.34
3.85
3.22
2.84
2.59
2.43
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.35
v = 0.4
2.44
2.36
2.24
2.05
1.93
1.85
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
The following digitization's were used for each of the curves:

v = 0.0
v = 0.1
v = 0.2
v = 0.4
y = 279.17x4 - 780.28x3 + 818.29x2 - 386.77x + 74.168

y = -14.598x4 + 19.524x3 + 9.1215x2 - 23.098x + 11.43
y = -29.261x4 + 59.514x3 - 36.973x2 + 3.5212x + 4.707
y = -8.3333x4 + 18.889x3 - 13.167x2 + 2.0718x + 2.3443
The approximation has been designed to linear interpolate between the defined curves.
Revision: A
Page: 9
Panels with v values larger than 0.4 are linearly extrapolated up to values of the buckling
coefficients Kc = 1.0, which is assumed as a minimum.
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 10

Core
ss
b
ss
ss
tC
ss
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
6655 MPa
Core Thickness
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
E=
e=
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
=
D=
U=
v=
10.00
9.00
1.67
1.00
270203
222.8
0.13
Kc =
#ADDIN?
FCR =
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN? MPa
Unloaded Edge
Loaded Edge
= t C#ADDIN?
+ t F + tF
= d #ADDIN?
- tF
2
= Et#ADDIN?
F h / (2)
#ADDIN?
= GC hh / t C
2
= (#ADDIN?
D) / (b2U)
Buckling Coefficient From Fig. AA-SM-103.2

2
2
#ADDIN?
= 0.25(
)K c (E / )(h / b)
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103

A.5.0.0 Compression Buckling Coefficients for Curved Sandwich Panels
A.5.1.0 Methodology
The same approach is taken for finding the compression buckling coefficients Kc for
curved sandwich panels, as for finding the shear buckling coefficients. Scaling
factor f is found, which is defined as a ratio of Kc of a flat isotropic panel to Kc of flat
sandwich panel.
Subsequently, Kc of an isotropic curved panel is determined and multiplied by the factor
f to obtain the Kc for curved sandwich panel.
Steps to find the Kc for a curved sandwich panel:
1. Given panel dimensions a, b, and t, find the Kc for flat isotropic panel from Fig. C5.2
in Bruhn.
2. Using the same panel dimensions find Kc of sandwich panel from Fig. AA-SM-103.2
3. Find the scaling factor Kc isotropic / Kc sandwich.
4. Using Fig. C9.1 in Bruhn determine the Kc for the curved panel of the same
dimensions a, b, and t, and radius of curvature r.
5. Calculate Kc of the curved sandwich panel by multiplying the Kc found in Step 4
by the factor determined in Step 3
Revision: A
Page: 11
4.16
1.67
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________

r/t = 66.7
11.18
15.9
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 12
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 13

r
ss
Core
a
ss
ss
tC
tF
ss
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
tC =
8.00 mm
600.00 mm
r=
Ef =
e =
GC =
1.00 mm
Unloaded Edge
Loaded Edge
Facing Thickness
Core Thickness
Radius of Curvature
6655 MPa
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
PANEL IS LONG
d=
10.00 mm
= t C#ADDIN?
+ t F + tF
= d - tF
h=
r/t =
a/b =
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
9.00 mm
60.00
1.67
1.00
270203 Nmm
222.8 N/mm
0.13
14.98
= tC + t F + tF
= d #ADDIN?
- tF
#ADDIN?
= r / (t C + 2t F )
= a #ADDIN?
/b
2
= E#ADDIN?
f t F h / (2
= G#ADDIN?
C hh / t C
2
#ADDIN?
= ( D) / (b2U)
2
= ([b
] / [r{t C + 2t F }])(1 - e2)0.5
#ADDIN?
KC1 =
#ADDIN?
Isotropic, Flat Plates (From Fig. C5.2, Curve C)
KC2 =
#ADDIN?
f=
KC3 =
#ADDIN?

Scaling Factor KC2 / KC1
KC4 =
#ADDIN?
FSCR =
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN? MPa
Date: April 2009
Isotropic, Curved Panels (From Fig. C9.1)

Sandwich Curved Panels KC4 = f KC3
2
2
= 0.25(
#ADDIN?
)K C4(Ef / (h / b)
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103

A.6.0.0 Bending Buckling Coefficients for Curved Sandwich Panels
A.6.1.0 Methodology
Refer to Bruhn, Para. C5.8. Equations for bending, compression, and shear instability
are identical except the buckling coefficients are different. The difference is caused by
wave length of buckles which depends on the type of loading. In the case of plate
subjected to bending, the buckle wave length is equal to 2/3 of the panel height,
whereas, the same panel in shear will have the buckles spaced at 1.25 the panel
height.
The same will hold for sandwich panels made from orthotropic facings and isotropic
foam core. Thus, for a panel of size a, b, and thickness t, there is a ratio of Kb / Ks
that is independent of the material or stiffness of which the panel is made. Factor f =
Kb / Ks (for isotropic panels) multiplied by Ks of sandwich panel will give Kb of this
panel.
The steps for calculating Kb of a sandwich panel are similar to those in previous
sections:
1. Given panel dimensions a, b, and t, find Kb and Ks for flat isotropic panel from
Fig. C5.15 and Fig. C5.11 in Bruhn.
2. Using the same panel dimensions find Ks of sandwich panel from Fig. AA-SM-103.1
3. Find factor f = Kb / Ks (isotropic panels).
Revision: A
Page: 14
4. Calculate Kb of sandwich panel by multiplying the Ks from Step 2 by the factor .

determined in Step 3
Date: April 2009
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: AA-SM-103
Revision: A
Page: 15

Core
ss
b
ss
tC
ss
ss
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
E=
e =
8.00 mm
6655 MPa
Core Thickness
0.05
Poison's Ratio
GC =
22.0 MPa
d=
h=
a/b =
=
D=
U=
10.00
9.00
1.67
1.00
270203
222.8
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
Unloaded Edge
Loaded Edge
= t C#ADDIN?
+ t F + tF
#ADDIN?
= d - tF
= a #ADDIN?
/b
2
= Et#ADDIN?
F h / (2)
#ADDIN?
= G hh / t
C
0.13
KSi =
#ADDIN?
Kbi =
#ADDIN?
f=
KS =
#ADDIN?

Scaling Factor Kbi / KSi
Kb =
#ADDIN?
FCR =
= GC hh / t C
#ADDIN?
= if(b<a
, [ 2D] / [b2U] , [ 2D] / [a2U])
v=
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN? MPa
Date: April 2009

Sandwich Curved Panels Kb = f KS
2
2
= 0.25(
#ADDIN?
)K b(E / )(h / b)
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 1

D.0.0.0 SHEAR BUCKLING OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS
Reference:
MIL-HDBK-23A Structural Sandwich Composites
Applicability: Flat panels, all edges simply supported, equal facings, isotropic core,
either isotropic or orthotropic facings
Core
ss
a
ss
ss
a>b
tC
ss
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
Core Thickness
EF =
6655 MPa
e =
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
D=
U=
v=
10.00
9.00
1.67
0.998
270203
222.8
0.133
mm
mm
KS =
#ADDIN?
FSCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Buckling Stress
fS =
50.00 MPa
Nmm
N/mm
Sandwich Thickness
Distance Between Facings Centroids
= a #ADDIN?
/b
2
= E#ADDIN?
F t F h / (2
= G#ADDIN?
C hh / t C
= if(#ADDIN?
c26<b , [ 2D] / [a2U] , [ 2D] / [b2U] )
Shear Stress in the Panel

MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
= FSCR / fS - 1
#ADDIN?
Prepared by: G. Krolikowski
Date: July 2006
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 2

D.0.0.0 SHEAR BUCKLING OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS
Reference:
Applicability: Flat panels, all edges simply supported, unequal facings, isotropic core,
ss
a
Facing 1
Core
t1
ss
ss
ss
a>b
tC
t2
Facing 2
a=
b=
t1 =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
0.67 mm
Facing Thickness
t2 =
0.33 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
Core Thickness
E1 =
6655 MPa
E2 =
6655 MPa
e =
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
9.00 mm
8.50 mm
1.67
0.998
D=
107118 Nmm
U=
198.7 N/mm
v=
0.06
KS =
#ADDIN?
FSCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fS =
50.00 MPa
Sandwich Thickness
2
= E#ADDIN?
1t 1E 2t 2h / ([E 1t 1 + E 2t 2]
2
= G#ADDIN?
Ch / tC
= if(#ADDIN?
c79<b , [ 2D] / [a2U] , [ 2D] / [b2U] )

MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
= FSCR / fS - 1
#ADDIN?
Date: July 2006
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 3

D.0.0.0 COMPRESSION BUCKLING OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS
Reference:
Core
ss
b
ss
ss
tC
ss
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
Core Thickness
EF =
6655 MPa
e =
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
D=
U=
v=
10.00
9.00
1.67
0.998
270203
222.8
0.13
KC =
#ADDIN?
Loaded Edge
mm
mm
Sandwich Thickness
Nmm
N/mm
2
= E#ADDIN?
F t F h / (2
#ADDIN?
= GC hh / t C
2
= (#ADDIN?
D) / (b2U)
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fC =
15.00 MPa
Compression Buckling Coefficient

2
2
#ADDIN?
= 0.25(
)KC (E F / (h / b)
Compressive Stress in the Panel

MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
= FCR / fC - 1
#ADDIN?
Date: July 2006
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 4

D.0.0.0 COMPRESSION BUCKLING OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS
Reference:
Applicability: Flat panels, all edges simply supported, unequal facings, isotropic core,
t1
ss
b
ss
ss
Facing 1
Core
tC
ss
a
t2
Facing 2
a=
b=
t1 =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
0.67 mm
Facing Thickness
t2 =
0.33 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
Core Thickness
E1 =
6655 MPa
E2 =
6655 MPa
e =
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
9.00 mm
8.50 mm
1.67
0.998
D=
107118 Nmm
U=
198.7 N/mm
v=
0.06
KC =
#ADDIN?
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fC =
15.00 MPa
Loaded Edge
Sandwich Thickness
= a #ADDIN?
/b
2
= E#ADDIN?
1t 1E 2t 2h / ([E 1t 1 + E 2t 2]
= G#ADDIN?
C hh / t C
2
= (#ADDIN?
D) / (b2U)

2
= (#ADDIN?
)KC (E1 / (h / b)2E 1t 1E2t2 / (E 1t1 + E 2t 2)2
MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
= FCR / fC - 1
Date: July 2006
#ADDIN?
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 5

D.0.0.0 BENDING BUCKLING OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS
Reference:
E.F. Bruhn - Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

Core
ss
b
ss
ss
tC
ss
a
tF
Facing
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
6655 MPa
Core Thickness
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
E=
e =
GC =
d=
h=
a/b =
=
D=
U=
v=
10.00 mm
9.00 mm
1.67
1.00
270203
222.8
0.13
Unloaded Edge
Loaded Edge
Sandwich Thickness
= a #ADDIN?
/b
2
= Et#ADDIN?
F h / (2)
#ADDIN?
= GC hh / t C
#ADDIN?
= if(b<a
, [ 2D] / [b2U] , [ 2D] / [a2U])
KSISO and KbISO are buckling coefficients of equivalent flat isotropic plates, that can be
determined from Bruhn, charts C5.11 and C5.15.
KSISO =
#ADDIN?
KBISO =
#ADDIN?
f=
KS =
#ADDIN?

Scaling Factor KbISO / KSISO
KB =
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
Flat Sandwich Panel Shear Buckling Coefficient

Sandwich Curved Panels KB = f KS
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fB =
25.00 MPa
2
2
= 0.25(
#ADDIN?
)KB(E / )(h / b)
Bending Stress in the Panel

MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
= FCR / fB - 1
Date: July 2006
#ADDIN?
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 6

D.0.0.0 BUCKLING STRENGTH OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS UNDER COMBINED AXIAL
COMPRESSION AND SHEAR
Interaction Equation:
Bruhn, Eq. C5.11
fS =
50.0 MPa
Shear Stress in the Plate
FSCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Shear Buckling Strength
#ADDIN?
= fS#ADDIN?
/ FSCR
RS =
fC =
15.0 MPa
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Compression Buckling Stress
#ADDIN?
= fC#ADDIN?
/ FCR
#ADDIN?
2
= R#ADDIN?
S + RL
RL =
Compressive Stress in the Plate
#ADDIN?
Margin of safety is calculated from Eq. C5.12 in Bruhn:

MSCOMBINED = 2#ADDIN?
/ (RL + [RL2 + 4RS2] 0.5) - 1
Note: If the longitudinal stress is tension instead of compression, then RL is
considered as negative compression using the compression allowable.
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
RL
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
#ADDIN?
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Date: July 2006
0.4
0.5
RS
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 7
D.0.0.0 BUCKLING STRENGTH OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS UNDER COMBINED BENDING

AND LONGITUDINAL COMPRESSION
Bruhn, Eq. C5.8
fb =
25.0 MPa
Bending Stress in the Plate
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Bending Buckling Strength
#ADDIN?
= fb #ADDIN?
/ FCR
Rb =
fC =
15.0 MPa
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
#ADDIN?
= fC#ADDIN?
/ FCR
#ADDIN?
1.75
= R#ADDIN?
+ RC
b
RC =
#ADDIN?
MSCOMBINED =
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Rb
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
#ADDIN?
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Date: July 2006
0.4
0.5
Rc
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 7
D.1.0.0 BUCKLING STRENGTH OF FLAT SANDWICH PANELS UNDER COMBINED BENDING

AND SHEAR
Bruhn, Eq. C5.9
fb =
25.0 MPa
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa

Rb = fb / FCR
Rb =
#ADDIN?
fS =
50.0 MPa
FSCR =
#ADDIN? MPa

RS = fS / FSCR
RS =
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
Margin of safety is calculated from Equation C5.10 in Bruhn:

MSCOMBINED
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Rb
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Date: July 2006
0.4
0.5
RS
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Checked by:___________________Date:__________

D.2.0.0 BUCKLING STRENGTH OF FLAT PLATES UNDER COMBINED AXIAL
COMPRESSION, BENDING, AND SHEAR
Reference: Bruhn, Para. C5.12
fb =
25.0 MPa
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa

Rb = fb / FCR
Rb =
#ADDIN?
fS =
50.0 MPa
FSCR =
#ADDIN? MPa

RS = fS / FSCR
RS =
#ADDIN?
fC =
15.0 MPa
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
RC =
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
#ADDIN?

RC = fC / FCR
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Date: July 2006
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 1

D.0.0.0 SHEAR BUCKLING OF CURVED SANDWICH PANELS
Applicability: Curved wide or long panels, all edges simply supported, equal
facings, isotropic core, either isotropic or orthotropic facings
r
ss
Core
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
tC
ss
ss
WIDE PANEL
tF
Facing
PANEL IS LONG
LONG PANEL
a=
b=
tF =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
tC =
r=
EF =
8.00 mm
600.0 mm
Core Thickness
Radius of Curvature
6655 MPa
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
e =
GC =
d=
h=
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
KS =
Straight Edge
Curved Edge
1.00 mm
10.00
9.00
1.67
1.00
270203
222.8
0.13
14.98
Facing Thickness
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN?
Sandwich Thickness
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Buckling Stress
fS =
80.0 MPa

MSBUCKL
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
Date: 38749
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 2

D.0.0.0 SHEAR BUCKLING OF CURVED SANDWICH PANELS
Applicability: Curved wide or long panels, all edges simply supported, unequal facings,
isotropic core, either isotropic or orthotropic facings
r
ss
t1
Facing 1
Core
ss
a
ss
ss
ss
ss
tC
ss
ss
WIDE PANEL
t2
Facing 2
PANEL IS LONG
LONG PANEL
a=
b=
t1 =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
0.67 mm
Facing Thickness
t2 =
0.33 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
8.00 mm
600.0 mm
Core Thickness
Radius of Curvature
6655 MPa
6655 MPa
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
r=
E1 =
E2 =
e =
GC =
d=
h=
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
KS =
9.00
8.50
1.67
1.00
107118
198.7
0.06
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN?
Straight Edge
Curved Edge
Sandwich Thickness
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
16.65
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fS =
80.0 MPa

MSBUCKL
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
Date: 38749
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 3

D.0.0.0 COMPRESSION BUCKLING OF CURVED SANDWICH PANELS
Applicability: Curved wide or long panels, all edges simply supported, equal
r
ss
Core
ss
ss
tC
tF
Facing
ss
PANEL IS LONG
b
a=
b=
r=
tC =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
600.0 mm
8.00 mm
Core Thickness
tF =
1.00 mm
Facing Thickness
EF =
6655 MPa
Facing Effective Young's Modulus
e =
0.05
Facing Poison's Ratio
GC =
h=
22.0
9.00
1.67
0.9975
270203
222.8
0.13
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
KC =
14.98
Loaded/Curved Edge
MPa
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN?

#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
Buckling Stress
fc =
80.0 MPa

MSBUCKL
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
Date: 38749
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
Doc: DJ1-ST-001
Revision: A
Page: 4

D.0.0.0 COMPRESSION BUCKLING OF CURVED SANDWICH PANELS
Applicability: Curved wide or long panels, all edges simply supported, unequal
r
ss
ss
t1
ss
ss
Facing 1
Core
tC
t2
Facing 2
b
a=
b=
t1 =
500.0 mm
300.0 mm
0.67 mm
Facing Thickness
t2 =
0.33 mm
Facing Thickness
tC =
r=
E1 =
8.00 mm
600.0 mm
Core Thickness
Radius of Curvature
6655 MPa
E2 =
6655 MPa
0.05
Poison's Ratio
22.0 MPa
e =
GC =
d=
h=
D=
U=
v=
Zb =
KC =
9.00
8.50
1.67
1.00
107118
198.7
0.06
mm
mm
Nmm
N/mm
#ADDIN?
Straight Edge
Curved Edge
Sandwich Thickness
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
16.65
#ADDIN?
#ADDIN?
FCR =
#ADDIN? MPa
fc =
80.0 MPa
MSBUCKL #ADDIN?
Date: 38749
#ADDIN?
Checked by:___________________Date:__________
BUCKLING COEFFICIENTS:
isofltshr
#NAME?
#NAME?
isotropic flat panels
#NAME?
#NAME? 1.0 < a/b y = 6.392x4 - 44.729x3 + 117.39x2 - 138.32x + 69.057
#NAME? 2.2 < a/b y = -0.1912x4 + 2.0936x3 - 7.9746x2 + 11.761x + 1.2696
#NAME? 3.8 < a/b y = -0.9564Ln(x) + 7.0635
#NAME?
#NAME?
isofltcmprssn
#NAME?
#NAME?
isotropic b is loaded edge

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
isofltbndg
#NAME?
#NAME?
0.40 <a/b
1.45 <a/b
2.48 <a/b
3.50 <a/b
y = -14.243844x5 + 83.725916x4 - 196.201088x3 + 231.171974x2 - 137.5

y = 0.967596x2 - 4.017723x + 8.173210
y = 0.595327x2 - 3.556361x + 9.305117
y = -0.154234x3 + 2.104660x2 - 9.545209x + 18.386789
isotropic b is loaded edge
#NAME?
#NAME? 0.4 <a/b y = 355.27847x5 - 903.10623x4 + 701.11531x3 - 14.71857x2 - 195.49688x
#NAME? 0.95 <a/by = 10.787799x2 - 30.172087x + 44.968600
#NAME? 1.65 <a/by = 3.910898x2 - 16.059090x + 40.403395
#NAME?
#NAME?
isocrvdshr
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
b is always the smaller dimension
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? isotropic curved long panels
#NAME? a/b = inf y = 0.000000026535x6 - 0.000003060030x5 + 0.000141024036x4 - 0.0034
a/b = inf y = 1.907178839723x^0.494454079858
a/b = 3 y = 0.000000032252x6 - 0.000004012521x5 + 0.000193543471x4 - 0.0045
a/b = 3 y = -0.000000000072x4 + 0.000000189927x3 - 0.000188303982x2 + 0.16
a/b = 2 y = 0.000000013902x6 - 0.000002031334x5 + 0.000114933990x4 - 0.0031
a/b = 2 y = -0.000000000086x4 + 0.000000213951x3 - 0.000203548068x2 + 0.18
a/b = 1.5 y = -0.000000006777x6 + 0.000000301616x5 + 0.000016818880x4 - 0.00
a/b = 1.5 y = -0.000000000157x4 + 0.000000370989x3 - 0.000316119110x2 + 0.223
a/b = 1 y = -0.000000151482x5 + 0.000025427330x4 - 0.001412214171x3 + 0.03
a/b = 1 y = -0.000000000174x4 + 0.000000399100x3 - 0.000344086093x2 + 0.25
#NAME?
isotropic curved wide panels
#NAME?
a/b = 1.5
a/b = 1.5
a/b = cyl
a/b = cyl
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
y = -0.000000050747x6 + 0.000005574328x5 - 0.000225626463x4 + 0.00

y = -0.000000000175x4 + 0.000000373041x3 - 0.000304359080x2 + 0.24
y = -0.000000007324x6 + 0.000000978506x5 - 0.000048814265x4 + 0.00
y = -0.000000000110x4 + 0.000000243556x3 - 0.000223780649x2 + 0.227
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
isocrvdcmprssn
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
b is always the smaller dimension

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
for all values of z below 10 (up to 50)
#NAME? isotropic y = 0.000007515714x3 - 0.002171323301x2 + 0.292096182322x + 3.6711
r/t = 3000y = -0.00028583x2 + 0.19751261x + 4.29481263
#NAME? r/t = 3000y = 0.2939x0.8735
r/t = 2000y = 0.3841x0.8619
r/t = 1000y = 0.3411x0.9187
r/t = 700 y = 0.3859x0.9687
r/t = 500 y = 0.4886x0.9778
r/t = 0
y = 0.7624x0.9897
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthofltshr
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
y = 2.8771x2 + 0.0289x + 4.5773

y = 1.7058x2 + 0.251x + 3.9426
y = 1.0821x2 + 0.3603x + 3.4263
y = 0.5321x2 + 0.2899x + 2.7523
y = 0.0368x2 + 0.2741x + 1.9451
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthotropic flat
v=0.0
y = 0.107154315338x6 + 1.831844769418x5 - 2.140983924270x4 + 0.175
v=0.05 y = 2.060532010451x5 - 4.131412177114x4 + 2.857067886041x3 + 0.803
v=0.1
y = 1.801947321743x6 - 4.441223047674x5 + 3.498355332762x4 - 0.8760
#NAME?
#NAME?
v=0.2
v=0.4
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
y = 1.266175754368x6 - 5.626429688185x5 + 9.381975077093x4 - 7.2515

y = 1.171784246806x6 - 1.745849306695x5 - 0.359974535182x4 + 1.2530
Minimum value for Ks
orthofltshrunequal
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthotropic flat
v=0.0
y = 2.8771x2 + 0.0289x + 4.5773
v=0.05 y = 1.7058x2 + 0.251x + 3.9426
v=0.1
y = 1.0821x2 + 0.3603x + 3.4263
v=0.2
y = 0.5321x2 + 0.2899x + 2.7523
v=0.4
y = 0.0368x2 + 0.2741x + 1.9451
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthofltcmprssn
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Minimum value for Ks
b is loaded edge
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthofltcmprssnunequal
#NAME?
orthotropic flat
v = 0.0 y = 279.17x4 - 780.28x3 + 818.29x2 - 386.77x + 74.168
v = 0.1 y = -14.598x4 + 19.524x3 + 9.1215x2 - 23.098x + 11.43
v = 0.2 y = -29.261x4 + 59.514x3 - 36.973x2 + 3.5212x + 4.707
v = 0.4 y = -8.3333x4 + 18.889x3 - 13.167x2 + 2.0718x + 2.3443
Minimum value for Kc
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
b is loaded edge
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
isobend
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
orthotropic flat
v = 0.0 y = 279.17x4 - 780.28x3 + 818.29x2 - 386.77x + 74.168
v = 0.1 y = -14.598x4 + 19.524x3 + 9.1215x2 - 23.098x + 11.43
v = 0.2 y = -29.261x4 + 59.514x3 - 36.973x2 + 3.5212x + 4.707
v = 0.4 y = -8.3333x4 + 18.889x3 - 13.167x2 + 2.0718x + 2.3443
Minimum value for Kc
38.32x + 69.057
+ 11.761x + 1.2696
96.201088x3 + 231.171974x2 - 137.511738x + 37.075794
5209x + 18.386789
1.11531x3 - 14.71857x2 - 195.49688x + 84.67341
0030x5 + 0.000141024036x4 - 0.003431158771x3 + 0.046218857623x2 - 0.104427211427x + 5.461052843719
2521x5 + 0.000193543471x4 - 0.004595461237x3 + 0.056382389175x2 - 0.144915401087x + 6.102120857583

89927x3 - 0.000188303982x2 + 0.161198007479x + 6.928911330504
1334x5 + 0.000114933990x4 - 0.003175061583x3 + 0.044552722497x2 - 0.085985844203x + 6.544187857868
13951x3 - 0.000203548068x2 + 0.184494996445x + 7.711643479996
01616x5 + 0.000016818880x4 - 0.001287818722x3 + 0.028324302069x2 - 0.004161086485x + 7.086525848123
70989x3 - 0.000316119110x2 + 0.223282532151x + 7.625197004252
27330x4 - 0.001412214171x3 + 0.031771133107x2 + 0.031587766884x + 9.200358537928
99100x3 - 0.000344086093x2 + 0.258557807550x + 10.705699575674
74328x5 - 0.000225626463x4 + 0.004056774184x3 - 0.030079317807x2 + 0.352804936893x + 6.735953725527

73041x3 - 0.000304359080x2 + 0.240114662621x + 8.889114885913
78506x5 - 0.000048814265x4 + 0.001077118648x3 - 0.008952606738x2 + 0.258132786797x + 5.127754325391
43556x3 - 0.000223780649x2 + 0.227923746111x + 6.787051644948
3301x2 + 0.292096182322x + 3.671149621783
9418x5 - 2.140983924270x4 + 0.175127224997x3 + 2.765487955417x2 + 0.296093879908x + 4.542891720794

7114x4 + 2.857067886041x3 + 0.803109140834x2 + 0.408438013983x + 3.932766103594
7674x5 + 3.498355332762x4 - 0.876011414453x3 + 1.113392469008x2 + 0.334359649249x + 3.431024623618
8185x5 + 9.381975077093x4 - 7.251537784934x3 + 3.100336129311x2 - 0.051671808411x + 2.759967025196

6695x5 - 0.359974535182x4 + 1.253050692379x3 - 0.203920890810x2 + 0.172455550273x + 1.958402349364
386.77x + 74.168
- 23.098x + 11.43
+ 3.5212x + 4.707
+ 2.0718x + 2.3443
386.77x + 74.168
- 23.098x + 11.43
+ 3.5212x + 4.707
+ 2.0718x + 2.3443

AA SM 103composites BucklingofFoamCoreSandwichPanels

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AA SM 103composites BucklingofFoamCoreSandwichPanels

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Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Shear Buckling Coefficient

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

The following digitization's were used for each of the curves:

y = 2.8771x2 + 0.0289x + 4.5773

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Core Modulus of Rigidity

Shear Buckling Coefficient From Fig. AA-SM-103.1

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Effective Young's Modulus of Facing

Core Modulus of Rigidity

Isotropic, Flat Plates (From Fig. C5.11)

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Sandwich Flat Panels (From Fig. AA-SM-103.1)

Standard Stress Method

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

The following digitization's were used for each of the curves:

y = 279.17x4 - 780.28x3 + 818.29x2 - 386.77x + 74.168

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Core Modulus of Rigidity

Buckling Coefficient From Fig. AA-SM-103.2

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Date: April 2009

Standard Stress Method

Buckling of Foam Core Sandwich Panels

Effective Young's Modulus of Facing

Core Modulus of Rigidity

Isotropic, Flat Plates (From Fig. C5.2, Curve C)

Sandwich Flat Panels (From Fig. AA-SM-103.2)