Professional Documents
Culture Documents
...................................
..
.
)(20
.
)
(
.
.
.
Abstract:
/ / /
2009 / 3 /12
)(97
...................................
2009/
) .2002
.(19
)(
).(2006:7
) (P.E.S.T
)Political
)Economical
)(98
)Social
...................................
2009/
"
" .
) (14
) (20 ) (%50
)(99
...................................
2009/
:
-:
.
.
-:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-:
-:
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
-:
-1
.
)(100
...................................
2009/
-2 .
-3
.
-:
) (Lancaster, 1998:26 )
( .
) (Kotler, 2000 ) (2003 , }
) ({.
.
)(Lancaster, 1998:26) (1
)(101
...................................
2009/
-:
.
:
:
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
-:
.
-1 : .
-2 : .
-3 :
.
-4 :
) F (.
-5 :
.
)(102
...................................
2009/
: :
) (40 ) (20
) (%50 :
= =
20
= = %50
40
.
:
/
-1 :
" -:
) . .(31 :2003
Kotler "
) . ( Kotler , 1997: 8
) (
) ( .
.
)(103
...................................
2009/
).(72 :2002
)
( ) Lancaster,
.(1998 : 19
.
-2 :
:
*
*
*
*
).(Kotler, 2000: 74
. :
.
.
).(Lancaster & Reynold, 1998: 22
)(104
...................................
2009/
) .(44 :2003
. :
.
.
)
.(63 :1998
) (
. :
:
) .(41 :2003
:
.
.
.
) .(43 :2003
)(105
...................................
2009/
. :
.
) Pitt & Lei,
.(1996: 17
.
):1998
.(63
.(Kotler , 1997: 8) .
. :
)
.(63 :1996
.
) -:.(98 :1998
: .
.
: .
)(106
...................................
2009/
.
:
.
-1
-:
.
-:
) ..(25 -19 :2000
).(Stanton, etal, 1997: 52
* * *
* * * .
-:
%10
-1
-2
)(107
...................................
2009/
). (Stanton, etal: 1997: 54-55
-2 :
3510 25
.
) Stanton, etal,
.(1997: 56
)
.(28 2002
- :
)(
)
( ).(Stanton, 1997: 56
- :
- .
).(29 2002
)(108
...................................
2009/
)(2
Source : (Lancaster & Reynolds, 1998 : 310).
-:
)(109
...................................
2009/
* *
* .
)
(
.
.
).(Stanton & Reynold, 1997: 57
-:
) ( .
) ( .
) %12( .
) ( ) (55 :1994
.(Kotler, 2000: 302) .
.
-3 -:
)
) (
.
:
)(110
...................................
2009/
-
- ) Kotler,
.(2000:50-55
.
) (3
) .(16-15 :2003
)(3
) (16 :2003
- -:
.
)(111
...................................
2009/
) Stanton
.(& Reynolds, 1997:59
) .(17 :2003
- :
) (
) (Ups
)
(
)) (Ps7 .(17 :2003
.
.
.(Cravens, 2000: 193) .
.
( Stanton, etal, 1997:59) .
)(112
...................................
2009/
).(Crevens, 2000: 194
) .(18 :2003
:
:
-1 .
) (1
) (2.7
) (0.470 ) (% 70
) (%30 .
-2 .
) (2
) (2.450
) (0.604 ) (%5 ) (%50
) (%45 .
) (1 )(N= 20
7-1
* = 2
)(3
%
14
%70
)(2
%
6
%30
)(113
)(1
%
*
2.700
0.470
...................................
2009/
) (2 )(N= 20
14-8
)(3
%
10
%50
* = 2
)(2
%
9
%45
)(3
%
1
%5
*
2.450
0.604
/ .
.
.
) (f
) (0.207) (0.156) (0.420 ) (f )(0.05
) (1.18 ) (4.41
) (3
.
) (3
)(N=20
1
2
3
* f
0.420
0.156
0.207
R. sq
0.023
0.009
0.011
0.525
0.697
0.655
...................................
2009/
.
) (4
)(N= 20
* f
1
2
3
4
14.846
14.846
9.255
9.522
R. sq
0.452
0.452
0.340
0.346
0.001
0.001
0.007
0.006
:
:
.
-1 .
-2 .
-1 .
-
.
-
) (
)
(.
-
.
)(115
...................................
2009/
-
.
-
) (.
-2 .
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
/
.1
)
(.
.2
.
.3
) ( .
.4
.
)(116
...................................
2009/
/
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
.1992
.1998
.1996
.1997
.2002
.1994
.2003
.1998
-1 / .2005 -2003 /
-2 .Marketing / 5034 DM 2006/2/3
)(117
...................................
2009/
/
...
* ))
(( ) ( / .
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
:
* .56 :1997
* .63 :1998
* .63 1996
*
* Hill, 2001 : 82
)(118
...................................
2009/
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
:
*
Stanton, 1997 : 5
* 18 -17 :2003
................................................................
.........................................
.................
)(119