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Contents
Introduction
Capacitors
Energy Storage in a Capacitor
Series and Parallel Capacitors
Inductors
Energy Storage in an Inductor
Series and Parallel Inductors
Plotting Capacitor and Inductor Voltage and
Current (in MatLab)
Introduction
This lecture aims to discuss the nature of
capacitors and inductors. The analysis of their
characteristics involves either integration or
differentiation.
Electric circuits that contain capacitors and/or
inductors are represented by differential
equations. Circuits that do not contain them
are represented by algebraic equations.
Introduction
Circuits that contains capacitors and/or
inductors are dynamic circuits, while circuits
that do not contain them are static circuits.
and/or
and/or
capacitors
Introduction
In a dc circuit, capacitors act like open circuits
and inductors act like short circuits.
A set of series or parallel capacitor/inductor
can be reduced to an equivalent one.
Integrating and differentiating circuits can be
accomplished by these components working with
an operational amplifier.
Capacitors
A capacitor is a two-terminal element that is a
model of a device consisting of two conducting
plates separated by a non-conducting material.
Electric energy is stored on the plates.
http://sdsu-physics.org/physics180/physics196/Topics/capacitance.html
Example
1. Calculate the capacitance of the 2mm2 plates
separated by 0.2mm.
2. For a charge of 30C, what would be the
potential difference for the capacitor in
problem 1?
Examples
The plots represent the current and voltage of
the capacitor in the circuit. Determine the
values of the constants a and b, used to label
the plot of the capacitor current.
Example
A 10 mF is charged to 100V. Find the energy
stored by the capacitor and the voltage of the
capacitor at t = 0+ after the switched is
opened.
Inductors
A wire maybe shaped as a multi-turn coil.
vdt i (t
t0
Example
The input to the circuit shown is v(t)=4e-20t V
for t>0. The output current is i(t) = -1.2e-20t
1.5 A for t>0. The initial inductor current is
iL(0) = -3.5A. Find the value of L and R.
W = Li2
Example
Find the power and the energy stored in a
0.1H inductor when i=20te-2tA and v = 2e-2t (12t) V for t>0 and i = 0 for t < 0.
Reference
Introduction to Electric Circuits 7th Edition by
Dorf and Svoboda (2006)