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Momentum
p = mv
units: N s or kg m s-1
By combining p=mv with F=ma, we can derive a formula for the rate of change of
momentum of a body.
F = p/t
e.g. Bullets of mass 30 g are being fired from a gun with a speed of 1000 m s-1 at
a rate of 20 per second. What force is being exerted on the gun? (600 N)
The quantity Ft for a very short period of time (infinitesimal) is called impulse.
Impulse is the change in momentum.
Impulse
no seat belt
Seat belt.
Area under curve = total momentum
ptot = 0
velocity v=15 m s-1 relative to the ground at the opposite wall. The total mass
of the cannon and railroad car is M=15 000 kg. (a) What is the velocity V of
the car while the cannonball is in flight? (b) If the cannonball becomes
embedded in the wall, what is the velocity of the car and ball after impact?
(5x10-3 m s-1; 0)
HL ONLY
An impact between two objects at an angle is an oblique collision (momentum
conserved). The vector nature of momentum now becomes important; the two final
momentum vectors must add up to equal the initial momentum vector.
5. A car of mass m=1000 kg moving at 30 m s-1 collides with a car of mass
M=2000 kg traveling at 20 m s-1 in the opposite direction. Immediately after
the collision, the 1000-kg car moves at right angles to its original direction at
15 m s-1. Find the velocity of the 2000-kg car right after the collision. (7.5 m
s-1)
6.
60
4ms
-1
0ms
-1