PILKINGTON BROTHERS LTD.

ST. HELENS AND DONCASTER

,,

...
(

-.
'

'

..
OFFICES:
LO DON
Ll ERPOOL
MA:\' C HE$TER
MELBO RN E
A CKLAND
PERTH.
\V. AUS l')lALlA
CAPE '.1"0 11 N

DEPOTS :
LONDO
BRADFORD
BIRMI C HAM
CLA. CO\'I'
' E\"l'CASTLE-ON -TYNE
LEEDS
S ll EFfl ELD
BRISITOL
' OTT INC HAM
NAPLES
I\ ENO AIR ES
ll ANC llAI

INDEX
Acid Embossing . .
..
..
Bending
..
Bevelled Glass
Brilliant Cutting . .
CATHEDRAL GLASS
..
Crys tallining

..

..

..

..

' '

..
..
..
..

.
..
..
'

..
..

Decorative Glass . .
Double Rolled White Cast Glass ..

..
..
Enamelling
Flut e<l Rolled Plate Glass
..
Flute<l Shee t Gla
..
Glass Tiles and lates
..
..
Hand Blo' ing
..
Horticultural Gla s
..
..
Lea ded Li ghts
Mill and Factory Glazing . .

..

..

..
..
..
..

..
l\IIRRORS:
Miscellaneous Gla s
..
Obscurin g ..
Orn amen t al hee t Gla s

..

..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..

Page

21
24
20
21
38
22
21
31
22
31
49
33
46
45
44
49
19
50
21
49

Pa ge

Patent Corrugated Glass . .

..
Photographic Glass
Plain or Ribbed Rolled . .
POLISHED PLATE GLASS:
..
How it is Made . .
..
Purposes and Sizes
..
Polished Wired Glass

.. 32
. . 49

..

31

..

5
15
26
34
31
31
21

..
..

..
..
..
Prismatic Glass
..
..
Rolled Plate Glass . .
..
..
Rough Cast Glass . .
..
..
..
Sand Blasting
HEET OR WINDOW GLASS:
..
..
How it is Made . .
..
Shelf Shaping
..
Shopfitting . .
..
..
Stippling
TINTED GLASS . .
Wa h-board Glass . .
..
Windscreens
WIRED GLASS . .

..
.

..
..
..
..

..
..
.

..
.

..

..

46
26
24
22
41
33
22
28

Couley Hill Plat e Class

Works , t. H elens.

I~IPRESSIONS OF
PILI\.I~GTON BROTHERS

AN HOlTR'S
B,

A GREAT LANCASHIRE INDU TRY

(Reprinted from the" Liverpool Express")
~

15
26
3-1

" 31
31
'

:!1
-16
~6

2J
41
33
:.2

28
Plate Class
tlw .

ILKl1 GTO ' ! . . . The name had not

crossed my con ciousnes for fifteen yea rs or
more. and a my motor car jogged along the
homely treet s of t. Helen to their work , I sat
wondering in what conn ction that name had been
so clearly impres ed on m y memory. Then I
remembered. Y es . They were the firm who,
year ago, when glass-making wa gloomil list ed
among the " doomed trad s of Great Britain " industries " killed by foreign competition " confounded all the prophet s b qui tly overhauling their equipment and processes and without calling for h Ip from anyone, ucceeded in
bea tin" all comp titor at their: own game.

A fine achievement, and one w_hich , by constant

self-examination and improvement, th y contrive
t o p rpetua te; but one y ou 'would n ver hear of
if it were l eft to Pilkington to proclaim it. For
that is their way-that quiet " do it and sa
' nO\\"t ' ' ' ay which i s o charact eristic of t he
Lanca hire in whi h they live.
It run throughout their bu ine method. An
American traveller walked into th eir work not
l ong ago to ho"' them the " newe t thing ever
invented" for t h delicat task of picking up big
she t of plate gl a . It wa a qu er-looking
frame of va uum rubb er rin a which frx ed themselves on to the fla t urfac of the glass li.b..e the

uckers of an o topus and held on by suction

while crane pulled the frame in any direc tion
wanted. They 'w ould be forced to buy it, he said,
for once seen it cou1Cl not be done without.

S RPRI I JG THE YA 1KEE

They said nothing (Lan ashire fa shion) , gave him
a good lunch (again Lan a hir fashion ). and then
took him in to th work apd how d him au appliance ju like bi -at work! H e gazed openmouth d. Ir had beep at' ork Lher for years.
They bad quietly invepted th{) macbiue theruselve and put it into practic Jong b fore the
idea ,bad ver reached th
nited late .
How indi ativ and t ll-t,a} tb i: c lillle thin gs
are ! I hould perhaps hav a k ed 01we11tional
que tions abou staff-w lfare-ho 1 1$, syorls and
su ch like-but in the Board Room I n oticed a
photo of th t. H I n R e rea tion Ilughy Football T eam th Pilkington la
d,. l a111),
and learnt that th y ar high 1.tp in Lit firH
div ision of the *Ru gb y L agi:1 .
nd a I sa t
talking with the s er tar
01n v i
wC'rt'
pl asantly drown
b the lu ty 1ngin of ad
in an adjoining pro
room. " 'ork r ''ho play
football o well lad who in Q g:ii1y "hilc at

Th e T eam ha sine won th ;Lanca liire B11gby

Leagu Cup 1923.

HOURS IMPRESSIONS
work, are all the testimonial one needs to the
efficiency of works' welfare and happy conditions
of service.
SELLI1 G TO DETROIT
The works them selve abound in su ch disintere ted te timonial to quiet efficiency.
I
wa tched for m yself th e ca re with which plate
glas wa made, the hone ty with which any tiny
flaw wa " potted " and marked by the examiners. But thi , a proof of co nscien ce, ca re and
value for m oney, wa dwa rfe d h y another ight
which no one pointed out to me. It was th e sight
of a co nsig nme nt of plate gla s wind creen for
motor cars addressed for shipment to :
FORD l\IOTOR COY.,
D E TROIT, .S.A.
The British firm that ca n quietly sell plate gla
to H enry Ford, in D etroit, aga inst all th e era h
and clamour of co mpetition fr om American plate
glass, made v irtuall y on the spot, mu t have
excellencie of th e very hi ghe t order.

Plate Glass Works, Doncaster.

b ack unu ual and are su picious. 'Why him no
led (red) ? ' th ey ask. W e therefor e paint again
over the copper with r ed to r estore the normal
app earance of a mirror. In other words, we hide
it virtue rather than try and p ersuade the cu stomer h e i wrong. "
A fin e stud y in the " adapting of products to
market " -and strangely characteristic of a
busine s m ethod which i well-practised in the
hiding of virtues--even its own.

One m ore little picture. A girl was p ainting the

b ack of a plate glass mirror with red paint. The
plate glass had b een il ve red in th e ordinary way
t o make it a mirror and th en a coa t of copper
laid over the sil ver back to protec t it from b ea t
and damp. This is a special Pilkington proce s
to make their mirrors la t longer.

For in thi great concern which " goes its own

gait " with so little noise and outward show, I
found everywhere mo t invigorating evidences of
Briti h Indu trial enterpri e, care and integrit y
-and a kindly " humanne s " p ervading it all.
There i not much wrong with Briti h indu try
run on th e e lines. elf-reliance, self-help, chiefs
who ca n " think " and workers who can singh ere i the spirit that will pre erve Briti h markets
against any competition.

" But why paint a gain over the copper ? " I

asked. " A co pper back i urely b etter seen and
appreciated if n ot painted over. "
"Yes," I wa told, " b y a Briti h custom er p erhaps, but not b y Chinese customers for whom
these mirrors are intended. They find a copp er

Canadian Works, Thorold,

Ontario.

Cathedral Glass Works,

t. H elens.

PREFACE
THERE JS 0 SUB S TIT UTE FOR GLASS.
In designing buildings there are many alternative
materials open to our choice, but there is nothing
to take the place of GLASS. For our Windows it is
n ecessary to have tran parency and u. substance unaffected by the weather or by the smoky atmosphere
of towns. GOOD GLASS answers these requirem ents.
In order to overcome i nherent difficulties in some
of the new mechanical processes for the manufacture

of Wi ndow Class, dra stic changes of composition

haie had to be resorted to which hate proied
detri mental to the u:eather-resisting properties .
In th e va riou methods which we employ there has
been no need to do this. Pilkington Glass, th erefor e, is not only a recognised standard of quality,
but of D R A BILITY.
In this Catalogue a complete range of the tarieties
of gla ss we manufacture is illu trated with suggestions of the purposes for which each is best adapted.

F you could analyse y our impre sions on entering the R eception Hall of a
magnificent hotel for the first time-if y ou could pick out the detail in the
picture that contribute most to the splendour, richne s and b eauty of the sceney ou would think first of " Polish ed Plate Glas ."
Great mirrors-with their entrancing illusions of ize and distance, ut cry tal do0rs
with their gleaming fa cet s .flashing a thou and tim es as they swing to and fro; tall,
noble-looking windows of classic d esign- these are the finishing touches that complete the architectural conception. Polish ed Plate Gia s makes all the difference!
How i it made-what elaborate processes do es it go through that give to it the
p eerless sparkle of any jewel ? It is an intere ting story .

How Plate Glass is made

Plate Glass making u ed to b e a secr et art known only to a f w. Th arly glassmaker might ha e b een anxious to let daylight into English home but they
didn't let any into the ecr et of how they made their glas .
H eavy barriers and h eavier p enalties k ept intruder outside the pr cin t of glass
works in those day . Glas -making was a protect ed industry in ev ry sen se of
the word, and we r ead that a sp ecial
ct provided a p enalty of Eeven years
tran portation for ever y p er on breaking into the manufactories with intent
to damage glass or tools.
T owing a crucible
P erhaps that accounts for the origin of
of molten metal
from the furnac e.
" se en ears bad luck if y ou break a
mirror! "
Howe er , these r estriction mu t have
s rved their purpose, for. even to-day it
i possible to say omething about Plate
Glass that is n ew to many who are
directly concerned with it in building and
architecture ; and as all the processes
that it goes through are interesting (some
of them, indeed, spectacular), perhaps
it is worth while to mention them in
d etail.

POLISHED PLATE GLASS

The Ingredients
of Polish ed Plate Glass are approximately the same as those in other kinds of
gla s-silica (white and), soda (soda a sh or saltcake), and limestone. But they
are chosen with more care to en sure exceptional purity .
N ow, in a nut h ell, the outstanding differ en ce in manufacture b etween P olish ed
Plate and ordinary h eet Glass is that the former is "ca st " and rolled into plat es,
while the latter is blown into large cylinders, then split, r eh eated and flattened.

The Fire-clay Crucibles or Pots

The crucibles for m elting the ingr edients of Polish ed Plate Glass constitute one of
the h eaviest exp en se of the industry . They are made of sp ecial fire-clay and n eed
to b e sea oned for nine m onth or a year b efore they are strong en ou gh t o st and
the 3000 Fahrenheit of the furna ce. Their average life is ab out three weeks .
Each crucible h old a t on of m olten gla s, or " m etal " as it is called . A lar ge
d epartment at t. H elen is occupied in preparing the clay and making t h ese
crucibles.
When the ingredient of P olish ed Pla t e Gla s come from the mills m ixed in their
proper proportions they r esemble a gr ey pow der . The pots are filled from truck s
and for seventeen hours they stand in the gas-heated furna ces .

In the Furnaces
As the mixture m elts, it inks down in the pot and loses bulk. Three fillings are
n ecessary b efore the p ot contains a ufficient charge.
At first the m etal take on a h eavy, tick y con i t en cy full of bubbles, but later on ,
careful obser v ation shows it t o b e clear and liquid. Then the ga p re ure is eased
off for four hour , the glass is kimmed of impurities and is soon ready for the
casting table.
Filli ng the crucible which is in the
.furnace.
Long ladles are used.

L SS

Tlr i s p icture shows the m olt en gla ss

being p oured on the casti ng table. Th e
overhead crane mptie the cru cible
along the table i n f ront of th e roller.

Casting the Glass

The casting t able i h ollow, wat er -cooled and m a de of iron , and at one end lies
a gr eat r oller covering its wh ole width.
The m olten gla s i p oured out up on the t able and the r oller lowly move (ju t
once) acr os it, fl attening it into a broa d plate.
dju table gauges at th e ides of the t able r egulat e the thickne s of the plate.
The glass soon lose it white-hot glow and b ecome greeni h-white in colour,
tra n lucent but n ot tran parent. It urfa ce i rough, coarse, and unpromi ing,
but inside it is cry tal clear. An y sudden exposure to cold air w ould cra ck it, so
most elaborate precautions have to b e taken to en ure gradual cooling.
7

EAL

G A D COOLI

~G

THE GLASS

In the old days gla s u ed to be cooled by

passing it into a kiln and the cooling took
four day .
owaday it can be done in the
same numb er of hour .
Straight from the ca ting table the gla is
passed into a " lehr," which is a erie of
warm annealing chamb ers of graduated
temp erature . It i propelled along b y bars
which lift it forward p eriodically .
Then , thoroughly cool, it em erges under a
felt flap on to a large r eceiving table where
it is examined car efully for any flaw ,
bubble or urfa ce d efect . H er e i where the
quality of the ingredient and the kill of the
glass -maker are on trial. Wherever a plate is
found to contain a d efect, however light, it
i cut into izes which will eliminate it.

A " Zehr," or series of cooling chambers .

This is only the fir t of a eries of inspection

In its progre s through the fa ctory , every
inch of the plate must urvive the crutiny
of ea ch d epartm ent.
A sp ecially trained taff i employed to
examine the plate and maintain what i
known in the trade a " Pilkington Quality ."

The plates of a/a ss leal"ing th e

" Zehr." lYot e th e tra ielling
bars u:hich lift it along.

A first exa minat ion. The men

carefully go orer each inch
of the gla and mark tcith a
piece of chalk any flaw or imp erfection 1d1ich might hare
crept into the glass.

The cutters then square the plate and a large iron frame fitted with rubber suckers
is lowered b y an overhead crane on to the glas . A vacuum pump provides the
suction and the plate can safely be moved in any direction with facility.
The illustration b elow shows one of these fram es lifting a plate from the storage
rack to the grinding table where a man is waiting to guide it where required.

Laying the Glass

Following the glass in its overhead progre s, we ee it u sp ended over a circular
iron table.
These tables weigh several tons ; they r est upon trolleys and are moved upon
rails to any part of the building.
Each table is prepared b y b eing flooded with Plast er of Paris and water. The
surfa ce of the table is cover ed ection b y section with a thick past e upon which th e
plate of glass are lower ed.
Workmen then stand upon the plate and tramp it into the plast er with a kind of
r ythmic dance. It take only a few minute b efore the plate is firmly emb edded
in th e Plast er of Paris.
The workmen know this proce s as "swimming th e plate," and wh en th e surface
of th e table is entirely cover ed with glass it is r eady to go to b ground and
polish ed.

" Swimming the Plate." This

shows a plate of glass being
laid on to the gri ndino table.
Plaster of P aris is washed on
fir st, then the m en tramp the
glass do wn fi rmly . The whole
table is covered with plates of
glass. Note the plate in the
background susp ended by
suction.

HE GRINDING SHED

The Turbine House at

Cowley Hill.
These
turbines 1uere started
by King George V.
on the occusion of his
visit in 1913.

GRINDING AND POLISHING

Then the table is moved b y motor down a
central ai le or track under one of the v ast
grinding machines tanding at the ide of
the shed. These " grinder " consi t of two
circular disc , iron hod, which de cend and
press on to the surface of the gla s. The
whole table i set rotating b y a powerful
motor, which cau e the grinders, in turn, to
go round.
Water , sand, em ery and other abra ive are
poured on the gla
and b efore ver y long a
p erfectly level urface is obtained.
All the abra ives poured on the gla s and the
material wa h ed away, are lost; no le than
150,000 ton of wast e are r emoved from the
grinding h ed every year to b e carried 1 t
miles by pipe-line and dump ed in another
part of the ground .
10

One of the Plate Glass

Laboratories at t. Helens.

Then the table is towed across the shed to the polishing machines, which are
similar in appearance to the grinders, except that felt pads take the place of the
two large iron discs or runners. Rouge and water are fed on to the Glass which
gives it the beautiful permanent finish that always identifies Polished Plate Glass.
The glass is stripped from the table and turned over, this time resting upon soft
lambskin cloths which hold it firmly to the table. The grinding and polishing are
repeated on this side of the glass until it is reduced to its final thickness.
STRIPPING and RE VERSIN G
the glass so that the other side may
be treated. It rests on wet lambskin cloths in this process.

The Polishing Shed, showing

run-way . Three large tables
can be seen, the nearest one
actually in the polishing
machine. The rouge used in
polishing makes these machines
deep red in colour.

POLISHI G THE GLASS

The plates of gla are now taken to the warehouse where expert inspectors again
very carefully scrutini e them for defects, and if they pa s thi last stringent
examination they are placed " in tock " on the rack .
The Grinding and Poli hing of Plate Glas ha gone through everal important
changes during the la t fifty years-change which have r educed the time and
risks involved in the operations, and have al o improved the quality of the
finished product.
The latest improvem ent, illustrated b elow, hows Plate Glas being ground and
polished in one continuou proces . The gla s is passed on a continuously moving
bed under a su cce ion of separate Grinding, Smoothing and Polishing Machines
as shown, and comes out with a finely polished urfa ce.

A CO~TI.\" OU

GRI~DER & POLI HER.

Thi ma chin e r eceives and g rind Lhe glass and
th en turns it out poli hed at th e other end .

12

A FINAL
This final inspection is a lengthy
one and involves the u e of
special lighting. Once through
the examiner's hands, the hallmark of approval has b een set
upon the glass-none the less
significant though it b e but a
cryptic chalk mark in the corner.
The foregoing d escription hows
the elaborate care and constant
attention necessary from start to
finish in the manufacture of
Polished Plate Glass . The finish ed
result is a product of flawles s
beauty - heavier, thicker and
many times
stronger than
ordinary glass-yet practically
invisible.

INSREC~ION

Examining Plate Glass in a corner of th e JT' arehouse. An attendant carefully notes the result.
The large plate suspended on the left is If' thick,
and weighs one ton, for ships' portlights.

A general view of the

Plate Glass Warehouse,
showing the method of
moving glass from place
to place. An 01erhead
crane with a " suction "
fram e renders transport
safe and easy.

13

T_H_E_ F_I_N_
IS_H_E_D_A
_R_T_I C
_ L_E_ _

l_ _ _

The truest tribute ever paid to Plate Glass wa

by a famou architect, who said, " Looking
through good Plate Glas is like looking through
an open window."

Plate Glass is Flawless

Polish ed Plate Glas contains neither wave nor
wirls to confu e the eye and di tort the
vision . It i the only glass to u se where an
impression of quality must be conveyed, a
apart from mere lighting.
Plate Glass give perfect light transmission and
true r efl ection. Its application in windows,
doors , porch es , verandahs, leaded light , etc.,
virtu ally tran form the appearance of the
wh ole building.

PA CKI 1\G A D DESPATCH! 1G. Packing the

Plate in it case for despatch.

Placing the cases in the special

trucks.

The 4 o'clock Plate Glass

train Zeari ng Cowley Hill for
the main !ine.

14

VARIO~S

EJSE

Plate Glass is generally supplied about t " thick unless any other thickness is specified. The following
table shows u sual thicknesses and the purposes for which they are u sed :-

Thickness
t" to l r;"
.l"
I'-

i"
t"

t " to

l t"

',

Purpose Used
For railway carria ge doors, general glazing in lead lights and small squares
For windows of city offices, public building , shop front s, show-ca ses, railwa y carriage windows and fram eless lights, motor car screens, tramcars,
table tops, mantelpiece and window sill covers, door plat es, sh elves, et c.
F or large sh op fronts, shelves, table t ops in cafes, hospitals, e tc.
Ships' salo on windows, operatin g tables, long shelves, ga uge-glass protectors.
Floor , deck and portlights of ships, aquarium tank , et c.

The Sizes of Polished Plate

(Manufacturing, not Warehouse sizes)
In the ordinary course of manufacture the following
sizes are produced. L a rger sizes can b e supplied to
order up to 288" b y 168" in f' thickness. B efore
specifyin g su ch large sizes, enquiry should b e made some
time ahead, as delivery is governed b y the size-limits
of railwa y tunnels and bridges. All our bra nch es are
equipped with a fl eet of lorries for prompt delivery by
road where n ecessary .

Tllicku ess

Size

f'

90X 40
llO x 72
165 x 110
rno x 130
280 X 130
rno x 120
132 X ll4
124 X l08
120 x 100
llOx 96
108 X 72

1 811" "

t"
1

5 "

3"

Ii

t"

3"

f'

l ''

If'

\\ 'erg/it Pt,.
S11/J e1 F ou l
APPro:r .

2 lbs.
2i
3 "

"
"
7 "
Bt ,,"

4i
st

l Ot

Lt,,"
14
"
17{- "

PLATE GLASS
FOR SHIPMENT

A rriving at
th e do cks.

In tran sit fr om station.

A BUSINESS PALACE

B U H HO U E
LO iVDO N
The magnificent
Business Hou se
in Kingsway.
P i lkin g ton 's
Poli s h ed Plat e
Glass
u se d
throughout.
G/n;;ing by H enry
Hope and Son.

16

Architects : Ross & Ma cdonald

The Mount Royal Hotel, Montreal

ll the gla s in this building wa
upplied and glazed by
Pilkington Brother , Canada . The hotel contain more than
11,000 feet of Poli h ed Plate Gia
12,000 feet of Mirror ,
27,000 fe et elect ed 26 -oz . Sheet Gia , and 900 feet of Poli hed
Wired Glass .
The Canadian Work are located at Thorold, Ontario .

17

OTHER DATA ON PLATE GLASS

Polished Plate Glass is sold in four qualities :"GLAZIN G FOR GLAZIN G " - Standard for gen eral glazing purpo e .
~' BE T GL ZING "-A high er grade for better-clas work.

" O.G. FOR SILVE RING " - A selected grade for mirrors gener ally .
"SI LVERI G Q ALITY " -The highest grade for :first quality mirrors, mu eum
cases and other purp oses where a up er:fine glass i r equired.

Unles otherwi e p ecified, Polish ed Plat e Gla is upplied approximat ely i" thick
with a v ariation of -lex'' either over or under , which is the normal tandard thickne s
manufactured. Glas !" thick , with a v ariation of 1l-:r", under or over , can b e
supplied, but at a higher price.
The lesser thickne e b eing obtained b y prolonged grinding are naturally more
co tly than t", while greater thickne se (over f'), which are pecially cast, are
proportionately higher in price.
Thick " RO GH CA T " is made for pavem ent floor and cellar light from
to 1!'' thick.

i", %"

/
THE LO::.'\GE T PLATE
GLA
W I N DOW I :\f
LO NDO:\f, at P eter R obinson s,
Oxford Circus.
Gla zing by
James Clark and on.

18

f',

MIRROR GLASS

SIZE
Mirror Glass
can b e h ad in
any size up t o
200"long x 120''
wide.

During the final insp ection of Polish ed Plate Glass in the warehouse, a certain
portion of the plate is set aside for mirror-making.
This glass is the ver y finest that comes off the casting table, and it n eeds to be,
for the slightest defect is accentuated when back ed b y the silvering.
After the glass has b een silvered, a backing of copper is electrically deposited
which gives protection against h eat st eam or damp and prevent wrinkiing
and scaling. This m etallic-backing proce s has b een p erfect ed in our works
of r ecent years and Pilkington Mirrors can always b e thoroughly r elied upon
to stand the test of time and exposure.

A Few Patterns of Shaped Bevelled Mirrors

'

Send for diagrams of full range of stock shapes and sizes.

BEVELLED GLASS
B evelling undoubtedly adds a ver y effective finish to Polish ed Plate Glas , and
hows it to the b est adv antage. It is a highly skilled proce similar in principle
to grinding but is gen erally done b y hand.
The edge of t h e gla is roughed
smoothed and polish ed on horizontal wheels of v arying surfaces, and an exp ert
eye is r equired when working curved and pattern plates with mitres, etc.
The finished article i well worth the extra cost , however , and for fanlights,
furniture and cabinet mirrors, et c., nothing give a finer app earance than the
gleaming fa cet of good b e elling.
WIDTH OF BEVELLIN G.
The u ual widths of b evel are from ! " to 2", but we can
upply up t o 3" if r equired. The ! " and f' izes are
principally u sed for lamp and advertisem ent tablet .
Hand b evelled p lates can b e upplied up to 70" b y 24" or
50" b y 30", and p ecial b evelled p lates up to 160" long by
100 " wide.

Bevelled Silvered Plate Mirrors for the

Furniture Trade
This is a large and important branch of
our business and the m ost popular size
are :
SQ A RE PLATES .
L ength

Wi dth

14" x 10"
16" x 12"
18" x 24"
W ardrob e

L <'ngth

Width

L ength

Width

24" x 18"
20" x 14"
30" x 20"
20" x 16"
36" x 24"
22" x 16"
from
10"
to
18"
w ide b y
ize

48" to 60" long.

OV L PLATES.
Wi de

DePp

14" x 10"
16" x 12"

Wide

D eep

18" x 14"
20" x 16"

Wi de

D ePp

24" x 18"
30" x 20"

FRAME LE
;\1lRRORS.
W~ th. b eYelled
and p oli h ed edge ,
prmc1pally oval , u p to 24" wide b y 18"
deep .
H P E B EVELLIN G.
A sp ecial leafl et on . _ hap e B evelling will
b e ent on r eque t.
20

!towing Plate Glas

protecting the top of
a t'aluable antique
dressing table.

s,
te

There are many method of rendering Plate Gia

time giving it a plea ing decorative character.

emi-obscure and at the same

highly skilled taff of design er i r etain d to prepare pecial de ign or work to

architect s' drawing . We have a large selection of tock de igns but for the
guidance of the architect who p1efers to mal hi own de igns, we are alway
pleased to ubmit p ecimen of the arious tr atm nts and processe .
T h follo wing proce e when judiciously u s d , add a touch of d" stin t ion to what
would otherwise b e plain, rather flat glazing.
B E VELLING-Much u sed for Mirrors, to enrich door panels an d cabin
work .

m ak r '

BRILLI
T C TTI G-. n effective m ethod of inci ing a de ign in t he glavs
to give a r emarkabl y ri hand brilliant appearance.
CID EMBO SI G- m ethod of delineating the de ign on eith r a cl ar or
op aqu e ground, giving a soft effect which may b e inten siiied a d ired b y
addition al acid treatment.
OBSC RIN G-

white effect r endering the glass semi-opaque.

TD BLA STI G- m ethod of rendering the glass emi-opaqu givin g a coar e

gTain to the obscuring. Ornamental design can also b e worked b thi proce s.

DOUBLE ACID
E 1BOSSED
21

DECORATIVE PLATE GLASS

STIPPLI G--making the glas emi-opaque b y
the use of acid.
Sp ecially r ecommend d for
interior screen s wher e a bright app earance is
wanted ; also uit able for working in two or
three acid de igns .
E NAMELLI G-the r eproduction of a clear
des:gn on an ob cured ground.
CRYST LLII I G-produces an effect like hoar
frost. A ver y popular effect u sed as a background
or filling.
COLO U RED EFFECT -can b e introduced b y
taining and painting, while cryst allining, stippling
and brilliant cutting m ay b e combined to give
r elief , brilliance and sparkle to " acid embo sed "
design .

I DSCREE1 S

PLATE GLAS

The almost universal adoption of Polish ed Plate

Glass for motor wind creen s ha led to a high
degree of kill in working the edge of the gla ,
i.e. in flat poli hing, rounding and notching.
Similarly, the increased u e of Poli h ed Plate for
hop fitting , counter and table top , howca e ,
h elving, et c., ha made it possible to obtain many
novel and plea ing shap e in small sizes .
great
fa cility ha b een attained in working the e mall
sizes and quite intricat e shap es are often made to
order.

E xamining W indscreens. The

Plate Gla ss f or windscreens
must necessarily be of th e t:ery
highest quality . A boie the
bench is a sp ecial light ing
device which sho1vs up the
slightest fla w.

Windscreens for A meri ca.

Part of a consignment of windscreens
for the Ford Motor Company, Detroit.

22

PLATE GLASS IN THE HOME

ot only in window does Polish ed Plate
Glass improve the appearance of any home.
It can also be u sed with great success on
articles of furniture su ch as W a h stand ,
Table Tops and Mantelpieces . In the bathroom , Plate Gla i particularly useful. It
can be u sed as sh elve (with poli hed edges)
for holding the usual articles of toilet. Plate
Glass Mirror , with and without frame , are
d e cribed in another section of this book.

_J

In the kitchen, Plate Gla s can be u sed for a

variety of purpose , not yet widely enough
known. A piece of Polished Plate let into the
table make an excellent pa try board. White
opaque tiles round the ink will protect the
walls and always remain mart and fre hlooking.
The judicious u se of Plate Glas give distinction to the drawing room, and it serve
at the same time as an admirable protectc:c.
It adds life and sparkle to a room without
hiding the fine woodwork it protects. On the
contrary it di plays and preserves it.

A borc, a gla ss corered

table in tlr e dining room.
B clo1,. a modern kitch en
1fith glas splashboard.
tiles paslr board and
rolling pin. Th e shelves
are bevelled Plate Glass.

23

PLATE GLASS FOR SHOPFITTING

The left half of these premises sho1l'S the cramped restrained <>ffect of using " straight " plate in close
prox imity to the doorway. The right half of th e premise shows th e extra iiindow space and the broad,
s1l'eeping expanse H'hich B ent Plate gii-es.

Bent Polished Plate Glass

Pla te Glass i , of co urse. univer ally used fo r sh op window . and th e introduction of a uitable Bent
P olished Plate ha co mpl e tely a ltered the trend of sh op -front d esign during the pa st few yea r .
K een co m pe titi on amo ng d epa rtm e nt stores -hi ghl y pecialised selling-ha placed a definite Yalue
upo n P\ery avai labl e in ch of window space, a nd Bent Glass h as come to the front b ecause it saYes
thi space.
B e nt Glas has mad e a curved window frontage possibl e; it gives a few extra feel to th e area of eve ry
window a nd offer an unint e;-rupt ed 'ie w of the good di played.

It Dispenses with Heavy Briel{_ Supports

Awkward ob tructive angles are abolished, and the graceful inward weep of B ent Pla t e Gia afford
a more paciou and co nvenient entran ce Lo th e shop
it elf. B ent Gia can also be u . ed ffecti\ely on sc reens,
partition and dome .
Ca th ed ral Glas ca n be b ent, a also ca n Figured and
Ribb ed R olled. wh en it i r eq uired Lo complete a
ch me or motif invol v ing B ent Gia .
PILKJ~GTO

Ts th e Bmd Correct ~
T e ting with a template.

-
PHERICAL D0"\1E are m a de in
o ne piere Rough at ahout ~" th 'd. al o in P ol i hcd
Pl a te Gia . Th ey are " ell anr.ealed to '' ithstand
cha nge of temp er~ture and xtrem<' climate. Th ey
ca n b e" obFru red if d e. ired. a l lighlly increased co, l.
pecial in truction for fixin g a re uprlied '' ith th e
Dom e.
Th e b ending of gla,s is not a impl e operation. pecial
moulds are mad e in each instance and the p1oress of
hending i a lway attended by a riFk of hreakage.
Prices vary according to th e difficulty of th bend and,
of eour e, the size of the plate .

BENT PLATE GLASS

T & W. ID E"S DIAGRAMS OF CURVES.
fNTf REO AT 51.-.TIONERS HA.LL

'10_~__ __ 1--------~
-~
- -~
""'-'"'-'
",

- - - ..9-5.: __

..,
A ... ,

----- -

-- - -~- -- -- -

SIZE-In the ordinary cour e of manufacture B ent

Plate can b e obtained up to 160" long. Larger izes
and sp ecial b ends supphed to order.

When Ordering
orfor estimating purposes, afull-size tern plate or drawing
on stout paper is required showingthe exact width round
the bend. The ends should be clearl marked and if th e
curve is shown b a single Zin only a note on the
template should say whether it represents the round or
hollow side of the bent ulass.
A special pamphlet on B ent Gla s, giving full details
how to order, will be ent on r equest.
The diagram reproduced abov are
a special leaflet on Bent Plate Glas
will be forwarded on requ e t.

J _Gf ___

....

-&-

.,_< ....

<

SHELF SHAPING
This i an ever-growing branch of our
bu ine s. The u se of shap ed plate for
hel ing is continually on the incr ease,
and will always b e popular while smaller
size can be sold at such a . low price.
, helf shaping or " working the edge " of
plate gla is a highly . killed operation,
brought to perfection during the past few
years b y the introduction of improved
m achiner y .

r!

u n u

48"

n m u

=
~

H ere are shown a few of the more ordinary

full li t and diashap es h eld in to ck.
gram can b e had upon application.

POLISHED WIRED GLASS

Polish ed Wired Gia
is used
for motor wind creen and
for glazing where protection
and complet e tran parency are
required. It give a highly
fini h ed app earance to window , screen s and lift
in
hotels, office and bank , and
it can be u sed for protecting
v aluable tained gla . Further
particular are given in the
" Wired " ection on page 28.
Exa mining a large sheet
of Wired Glass to be used
fo r protecting a stained
glass windou:.

POLI R ED WIRED GLASS

ONLY PLATE GLASS WILL

RESIST WAVES & WEATHER
P late Glas is univer sally u sed for
ships' bridges and port-lights .
o
other gla
w ould give the p erfect
transparen cy and great strength
n ece ary in fi ghting the elem ents .
The illustration show the bridge of a
giant Cunarder fitt ed throughout with
P ilkington's Polished Plate Glass.

27

S.S. Aquitania

SS

RE

For a ty and Protection against Spread of F ire; Burglary, etc.

i fir t and foremo t a
cau e it n ur
Protection again t Accidents,
Pro tee Li n a aain t pread of Fi re,
Protec tion aaain t Burglary,

WITH

LO ~

FETY

OF LIGHT.
FETY FIR T !
A FR EQL E.Y T C. 1 C E of

It i

one of th e h ea pe t
a nd mo t ervi ceabl of all
Building \Iateri al , and th e,
page ugae L , om r eason
for adopting Tr'ired Glass as
the f
ERN GL \ZI
~ y T M for th e numerou
d e crib ed.

Vim of Tr'ired Class R oof

from beluil'.
Brick and Rubbish fallen
during repairs.

,' mne roof from abo1e.

.rlccide111 .
Cut b_1 fu ll of ordinary glas
fro m brokl'n Sh)'light.

WIRED GLASS IS FIRE RESISTING

Wired Glass ~ ho uld be u sed wh er ever " Safet y First " is a prime con sider ation. It
offer protection again t accidents, for while plain glass can b e mash ed to flying fragment with one b low, W IRED GLASS simply cracks and b en ds. T h e wire h old it
toge th er. Wired Gla s does not fall wh en brok n , o is particularly uit able for r oofs .
wa invented, wire cr een were u ed for protective purpose .
Before wired gla
These wer e cumb er some and inconvenient, as they had to b e r emoved wh en the gla s
required cleaning.

The Wire is embedded in the middle of the Glass

THROUGH F I RE AND WATER

Wired gla ss
aft er bei ng
placed in a
fi re.

Wired Glass act a a fire resi t er ; wher e ordinary

gla s would cra ck and fall from it fram e. wired gla s
h angs together and locali e th e outbreak. FI R E
I
R A CE compani s quote lower rat e for
buildings which are prov ided with Pilkington'
Wired Glas .

THE BRITI SH
FI RE PREVENTION
COMMITTEE.
(FOUNDED 1897

Wi red glass
a.fteT being
placed in a
f ir e, an d
haiing a hose
p layed upon
it.

CJb

fNCOR.PORAT EO

1899)

<(!jedi/y

dud~,t~~w.2~2#..andl;,/a,~d;~;_a.u.c,/

WIRED GLASS RESISTS ENTRY

The u e of metal casements, window ashes and general fire -proof con truction
has led to a very wide demand for Wired Gla s.
The certificat e of the British Fire Prevention Committee te tifies to the FIRE
RE I TING properties of Pilkington' Wired Glass, and the two untouched
photograph on page 29 how its re i tance both to fire and water.
Wired Glas in kylight gives additional protection against burglary, as the wire
in the centre of the gla offers a re istan ce that i very difficult to overcome. It
d lays the intruder outside the building where h e can lea t afford to remain.
fotor wind creens can be rendered harmle s in case of mi hap , if they are fitted
with Wired Gla s. The breaking of windscreen i a common motoring accident,
and broken gla s has turned many a imple mishap into a fatal accident.

Standard Glass for Safety Glazing

WIRED ROLLED ha
fine rib s on one urface,
about ninet een to the
jnch.
Thickne , i" -Size up
to 160" long b y 40" wide.

WIRED CAST
ha a rough ca t
surface and is
very widely u sed
in roofing. It is
made in the same
sizes a Wired
Rolled .

30

WIRED ARCTIC GLASS is a

emi-opaque glass of brilliant
finish, much u ed for partitions,
screen , doors, ceiling lights,
elevator shafts, lavatories, etc.
It plea ing irregular pattern
render the wire almo t invisible.
ize up to llO" long by 40" wide,
Thickness i"

PLATE
Standard Glass for Safety Glazing
POLISHED WIRED: A b eautiful and durable Glass with a brilliant mface
P oli h.
izes up to 120" long x 44'' wide.
Send for sp ecial ' afet y Fir t " Booklet which de cribe and illu trate WIRED
GL
in detail.

Rolled Plate
RO GH C ST , and PL I
or RIBB E D ROLLED , are the same a W I R E D
C T and W IRE D ROLLED , except that the are not r einforced with wire
n etting therefore TOT FIREPROOF or S PLI T E R-PROOF.
R olled Plate is a ch eaper glazing material u . ed wh er e the extra pTOt ction of Wir ed
Glass is not r equired , and is supplied in thicknesse additional to t", viz. :
* 1"
-8

_3_ 11
i c;

:;

T IT

II

311

*R ough Cast is not upplied in f ' .

The Various Purposes of Rolled Plate

SM

LL

FL

R0 LLED PL

TED

T E,

"l' i/' and f '. An inex p ensi e glass of good

app earan ce largely u ed
for sk y -lights and roofing
in public buildings, fa ctories and workshops. It
has eleven flute to the
inch, which diffu e strong
light and r ender it soft
and pleasing.

PL A I
OR RIBBED
ROLLED is very suitable
for Horticultural buildings
a well as for roof . The
fine ribs on one surfa ce
break up the direct glare
from the sun, and the
glass throws an evenly
distributed light.

D 0 BLE ROLLED
WHITE CA T: ;i6 " and f' .
A glass of di tinctly
sup erior appearance for
similar purpose
which
transmits the maximum
amount of light.

t"

0. 2 FLUTED
R 0 L L E D (E X T RA
WHITE) is made in extra
white m et al and i very
much in demand for lighting picture gallerie and
mu eums. It upplies a
bright, oft light and prevent the sun' Jay from
shining directly on to the
ex hibits.

Waterloo S tati on glazed w ith Rough Cast Gla ss by W . E . R endle & Co.
31

p_ TE_ T CORR , GATED GLASS

Patent Corrugated
Glass
Thi i an attractiYe and u eful Rolled Plate
Gla
made to " line up " with tandard
orrugated Iron heeting. principally for
kylight , etc. It i a big improvement on
ordinary flat glazing and add a touch of
constructional fini h to ordinary corrugated
iron roofing.
Width.
L ength.
Thickness.
3
27"
48", 60 " and 72"
Tti
II

The corrugation are 3" pitch.

mailer ize made for large quantitie .

Corrugated Gla s for

kylight .

Wired Corrugated
Glass
Wired Corrugated i corrugated rolled
~la
reinforced with wire netting. It
l
made for afety glazing, without
frame , with corrugated iron or corrugated a be. to
heet . It look
exceedingly well when glazed in long
pan .
upplied in length 48". 60 "
and 72" by 21 " '\ide, i " thick.

3:2

GLASS ROOFING TILES AND SLATES

These are for intermixing with
Pantiles and Ordinary Roofing
Slates, and are made in Plain
and sm all Fluted Rolled patt erns, and in sh eet gla . The
slat es are supplied bored with
t wo h oles and with wooden
p eg for fixing , in Plain Rolled
R ou gh Cast and h eet Glass .
There are seven shap es to
choose from - ordinary flat
gla s slates, corrugated , single
and double Roman, et c. The
double Roman i a de ign of
par ticular inter est to architect s
as it is in thorough k eeping
with classic st yle and gives an
app earance of well-thoughtout constructional finish whereever it is u sed.
S AL SIZES
15" long b y 11" deep.

DOUBLE ROMAN GLASS TILE

A sp ecial ugge tion book of gla tile
and lates, containing illustration and
full- ize diagrams, will b es nt on reque t.

Fluted Glass for Laundry Use

Ther e is a widely incr eased u se of glass in
place of the old-fa hion ed zinc let into w a hing or " rubbing " boards. Zinc has the
disadv antage of corrosion an d presents an
unsightly app earan ce after some u se. Fluted
glass, on the other hand, is unaffect ed b y
h eat, st eam or wat er. It presents an ideal
surface to work up on , and can easily b e
replaced.
o. 4 FLUTED W A H-BOA RD GL ASS is
u su ally supplied in size 11" high b y 12" wide.
FEATHERED W ASH-BOA RD GL AS .
A glass for the sam e purpose but with a
ribbed and fe athered pattern. Size u sually
supplied llf' high by lli" wide.

W ashing B oarcl
showing f eathered
glass.

111atic Glass
Daylight Costs Nothing
-Use more of it !

Lighter Rooms
Lighter Bills

Authorities on works economy and taff welfare attach great importance to the
increased effi cien cy which r esults when pure day light is u sed for lighting, inst ead
of artificial light.
A very full and complet e inve tigation b y the Indu trial Fatigue R esearch Board
in a good number of weaving sh eds revealed an increased output of 11 % when
daylighting was made pos ible.
Add to this the con iderable saving in lighting bills, and y ou have a strong case
for the very wide t use of prismatic gla s wherever possible.
The efficiency of pri m atic glas as a light- conveyor ha been well established in
hundreds of large factories in this country, where b y its p ecial refractive
properties it ha let daylight into the da1k and r esulted in better work and
lighter bills.

PILKINGTON'S PRISMATIC GLASS is made with the prisms

in three angles
Angle o. 1 is r ecommended for situations
where the angle of incidence taken from
the horizontal is up to 30.

1
Angle r o. 2-Where the angle is between
30 and 40.

2
Angle N o. 3-Wher e the angle is over
40.

The prism run across the gla ,

on one side only. The mu t be
glazed on the in ide
urfa ce,
pointing upward .
The outside
of the glas i
mooth.

34

60,000

FEET ~ OF D"4l~LIGHT

.e

Where Erasmic Soap is made. The

Factory of Joseph Crosfi eld and ons,
W arrington. Gla;:;ed w ith 60,000 f eet
of prism atic glass.

A boi-e, an untouched ph oto"raph of th e

interio r, show ing how eienly the light
is di tributed.

The question of natural l ighting i one that i far too often n eglect ed. After a
ca ual urvey of their window frontage many manufa cturer di miE the matter
off-hand, providing there is a tolerable amount of daylight which can b e r einforced
b y artifi cial m eans.
Other manufacturers u e u ch m ean as whitening th e walls and ceiling.
certainly is a h elp , but it only touch e the surfa ce of the problem.

This

Y et h er e is an economical and practi cal solution- th e u e of PRISM TIC GL S .

It co t little more than ordinary glas and it often di p en e entirely with artifi cial
light. Many in tance could b e quott> d of firm. who have save d large sum yearly
b y the imple adoption cf Prismatic Glas .
When ever planning n ew premises. or taking o er old ones it 1 worth while giving
the lighting que tion careful con ideration. Daylight co t s nothing- u e more of
it and have lighter rooms and lighter bills !
35

WHAT PRISMATIC GLASS DOES

Prismatic Glas embodies
the well-known refractory
properties of the pri m .
The ribbed pri m s catch
the daylight and tran mit
it over the entire floor
space. The diagrams how
better than any descrip tion the great advantages
of Prismatic Gia s in cases
where an adjacent building b lock the light.
There are three " angles "
of prismatic gla
which
are u ed on the different
floors, to catch the varying angle of light. The e
three angles of Pri matic
Glass (Acute, Medium and
Ordinary ) m eet every r equirement.

Diagram 1

ORDINARY GLAZING
D aylight only received in the
space adjacent t o wiudows.

The Diagram (1) on thi

page show the lo of day light that r esult when
ordinary glass i
u ed.
It shows a four - storev
building
over hadowed
by a tructure of similar
h eight. The light that
do es r each the building
fall at angle varying
from 15 to 55. The light
pas e
traight through
the glas and illuminate
only a small part of each
floor.

An actu al photograph of
a Lancashire pinning hed,
howing ordinary lighting.

36

LIGHTER ROOMS-LIGHTER BILLS

-~

- - f ' ENTIAC.

~P~C.E

Fl.DO A

F\.OOOE.O WITH

t)lll.YLIGMT.

Fl.OOA.

SPACE

FLOOOEO yr.jll"tt Ol'\YL IGHT

=------->

OJJ!Rl
flOOOlO

--+

Diagram 2

[NTIRf.

,.LOODCD

ll.OOR

flOOR

SMC.t

WIT\'1 MYUGHT .

PRISMATIC GLAZING
The r ay of light are r efra cted
over th e wh ole of the sh ed .

SPACt

W1Tl1 1:1.'YUGtff .

..

On the other h and, D ia gram 2 shows how the

same rays of ligh t on
pa sing through prismatic
glass are refracted horizontally into the room.
The two photographs
show an example of the
vastly - improved lighting
of a spinning shed when
our Prismatic Glas was
installed.
Actua l
photographs
demonstrate better than
words the extraordinary
difference that Pri matic
Glass makes.
Note how the light is
diffused over the whole
room , with a comparative
absence of cast hadows.
IZES.
Pilkington' Pri matic
Glass is manufactured in
dimen sions up to 100"
wide and 60" high , ! " in
thickne .
It can be
glazed in exi ting window
frames b any local glazier.
o con tructional alterations or special equipment
are necessary to instal it.

An actual photograph of th e
same shed with prismatic
glazing.
ote the even distribution of light.

A Special Booklet on
Prismatic Glass will be
sent on request.

T EDR

ARCTIC GLASS

DOUBLE ROLLED GLA S

( IQTE : These illu trations show the pattern

considerably r educed in size.)

SMALL HAMMERED GLASS

RIMPLED GLASS

A n office glazed with A rctic

Glass and fir st quality sheet.
A rctic Glass is highly useful
for offices with borrowed light.
It gil'es maximum tran sparency yet presert"es all th e
privacy that sem i-opaqu e glass
ensures.

Cathedral Glass derives

its name from it im1larity to the gla used
in old Cathedrals and
Church e .

It i a bright, decorative
glazing mat rial which
we make in ' bite and
in tint , in plain and
figured pattern , with a
surfa ce of unsurpassed
brillian ce.
Cathedral
Glass is rapidly r eplacing plain sh eet glass for interior work, su ch a hown above,
because, while it give brilliant light, it en sures all the pri a y of semi-opaque glas .
It can be u sed with a very pleasing effect to r elieve plain glazing.
W e make seven plain v arieties,
which are sp ecially suitable for
leaded lights, creen s, et c., as
follows :
Clear Cathedral
Plain Cathedral
Double Rolled Cathedral
Rimpled Cathedral
W aterwite Cathedral
mall Hammer ed Cathedral
Large Hammer ed Cathedral
SIZE

OF CATHEDRAL
L ength.
up to 120"

A co m er of th e Ca thedral Glas Tf'arehou e,

D FIG R E D ROLLE D WHITE

Thicknesses.
Width.
42"
J " it " and l"

Send for sp ecial fold er containing a full Ii t of patterns with illu trations.

39

FIGURED ROLLED GLASS

MORO CCO
(NOTE : T he e illu t rations h ow the
pa t tern con iderably reduced in size.)

J AP ANE E

K ALEIDO COPE

W e make 22 Figured Pattern suitable for glazing in squares . They include the
following popular de ign : Arctic, Morocco, Cr etan, Rose, Malte e, Murane e, etc.
For window of chool , offi ces, bank , public building , et c. , wher e a maximum of
light is r equired without too great transparen cy Cathedral Gla i the mo t
suitable material av ailable.
40

TINTED CATHEDRAL GLASS

.

,.

"~ ~:~ ~

THE SOL R

PECTRUM

Photog raph of Strip~ of Double Rolled Cathedral Class showing the wide rarwe of colours.
Clea r athedral, \Yaterwit e, Rimpl ed , Plain
Ca Lh edral a nd Large Hammered athedral
arc made in the sa me tint a Lhe figured
pallcrn aboYe, and ca n also b had in a
numb er of other s landard tints.
Four of these patterns are illu trat d overleaf.
For other patterns ee separate pamphlet
which will be sent on appli ca lion tog Lh er with
boxes of sample where desired.
Bullions are mad to order in while and in
many of the Cath edral tinl for glazing in
door and leaded lights.

ILKINGTON'S Figured Roll ed and CaLhedral Gia s is made in a grea t Yari Ly of

artistic tints. Nineteen Figured Patterns are
made in about one doz en of the most popular
tints, including shade of Green, Blue, Amber
and Pink. The Figured Patte rns are:Arctic Large
Ro e
Arctic Small
Maltese
Muranese Small
Japanese
Murancse Medium
Kaleidoscope
Muranese Large
Rippl ed
)foroC'CO Small
Quilted
Morocco Large
P er ian
Pinhead Morocco
Shell
Cretan
Oceanic.
Arabe que.
Small Hammered and Double Rolled Cathedral
are made in about 100 different shades, including Green, Blue, Amber and Pink.

SIZE OF TINTED CATHEDRAL

Width
Thickne es
Length
36" )
Up to 100"
~", lqtr",

or

p to 90"

ll

42"

t"

TINTED FIGURED ROLLED GLASS

JAP A ~E

KALEIDO.. ., COPE

MOROCCO

RO E

IY OTE. - The illustrations sho1c the pall<'rns reduced in size.

1~

VARIEGATED CATHEDRAL GLASS

CHOCOLATE 01\ YELLOW

RUBY ON YELLOW

BLUE

O~

WHITE

GREEI

O~ OPALESCE~T

NOTE.-Thc illustrations show the patterns reduced in size.

43

LEADED LIGHTS

E can upply leaded light to order at short notice. A

ran ge of land a rd design in full colour "ill b e sent
on r equest. Special d es igns prep a red for all purpose .

Hortic11lt111~al

Glass

By

co urte~y

oj lJoulton & Paul Ltd,

From Cucumber Frame to

Winter Garden There i a popular but erron eous idea that almost
any kind of Sheet Gia s is suitable for horticultural
purposes. The t erm " Garden Gia " i not unknown in th e trad e, ye t it will b e obvious to everyone that, though Glass for th e purpo e i sold
r elatively cheaply b eca u e of the mall sizes in
which it is ge nerall y u sed , the p a rtic ular importance
of weather-resi tin g qualitie is not any le s than in
th e ca e of Glass u ed for any other form of glazing.
Horticultural gla
mu st b e made to withstand
extreme climatic co nditi on on both its urfaces,
rain and cold out ide, warm humidity inside. It is
th e barrier b etwee n summer and winter !
Our Horticultural gla s i mad e to withstand these
conditions without lo s of brilliance, and whether
u ed in humble" pit-light" or s tately con ervatory,
it maintain its transparency until the end.

45

GLASS
Sheet Glas , or "Blown" Gia s, as it is called,
is the cheapest and most widely u sed form of
glazing. Althou gh it i impossible to make
bee t Gia
without min or irregularities of
surface or " waves," th e be tter qualities serve
their purpose excellently .
W e have de,oted our r e ea rches since 1826 to
the betterment of Window Glas in this country,
and have ucceeded in producing qualiti es in
which urfa ce irreg ularitie are almost eliminated, and distortion r educed to a minimum.
The manufacturin g proces is entirely different
from that of Poli hed Plate, although the ingredients are much the ame.

" Hand Blo1cing." The gla

is gathered on
the end of th e blowpipe, then moulded and
blown into a long cylinder.

We manufacture bee t Gia b y two different

m ethod - " Hand Blown " and " Cylinder
Drawn. "

Hand Blowing
" Hand Blowing " is one of th e very ea rli e t m e th od of glass making, and certain wall paintings at
Beni Hassan in Egypt, which are at lea t five th ou a nd year s old, show that even at that early date
th e art of glass makin g was in an advanced s ta ge.
In " Hand Blowin g " th e m olten metal is ga th ered 0 11 th e end of a blowpipe in th e form of a globular
m ass about th e size of a m a ns h ead . This" ga ther. , is th en shaped and carried by th e blower to
a t age where th e glas i di stended b y bl owing an d elongat ed b y swinging. By repeated r e-heating,
bl owing a nd elonga ti on , a cylinder is produced , uniform in diam et er and thi ckn e throughout it
length . The cylinder, after being removed fr om th e pipe and allowed to cool, i then sent forward
to the Splittin g R oo m.
" Hand Blowing ., i a n excep tion all y hi ghl y skill ed art. and to a grea t extent it i on th e kill of the
workmen that th e final quality of th e glass depends. Ther e are certain kind of gla which can b e
produced in thi s m a nn er b et ter than a ny other, an d for thi s rea on we maintain and enco ura ge this
inter e ting m ethod of manufacture.
The blo1cn cylinders, with ends Although thi art is so very old,
cut off, are split lengthwise and we have b een able durin g the
put into a J;i/n. Thi " unrolls" past few year to introduce many
th em and th ey lie flat.
radical improveme nts.
The distinc tive charactcri tic of
heel gla
i th e brillian ce and
hardne s of it urface. The original
vitreou~ urface forme d wh en th e
gla
solidifi e is maintained unpoilt durin g the
uh equent
proce cs of manufacture.
Photographi <' Plate , fin e quality
picture and "indow gla
are
exa mple of th e high perfection of
skill attained b y the workmen in
our h eet gla work .

46

ET

Machine Drawn Glass

Thi s shows seien cy linders of

machine drawn glas slowly ascending to the roof. Wh en th ey reach
40 ft. high they are cut off and lowered
to the rests shown in the for eground.

The Drawing Machine carri es out the same proce s

m ech a nically, but on a much large r scale.
The process presents an imposing sight ; at one end of the
shed , let in the gr ound , lie eight or t en crucible co nt aining
th e glowin g m etal. A b ove i th e drawin g m ec ha ni m b y
m eans of whi ch a m eta l pipe or " bait " is lowered into the
cru cible. The glas adh ere , a nd a the" b ait ,. i ~ :raised the
glas i dra wn up with it.
After th e draw t a rt th e
cylinder is dis tended t o the r equired diam e ter b y the
introduction of co mpre sed air : the pre sure of thi air
b eing o r egul at ed th a t the dia me ter is kept co n t a nt. In
this wa y a cylinder so me 40 fee t in h eight, unifo rm in
diamet er and thickness, is obtained.
The fi er ce glow of the p o ts, the long shining cylinders
slowly ascending, m ak e a scene long t o h e rem ember ed.
One b y one the cylinders reach the dark ro of of the

47

Filling a crucible .

SHEET OR

INDOW GLASS

building. By thi time the glass is quite set and

shining just as it appear in windows.
The cylinders are n ea tl y severed from th e
cru cibles and lowered on to the ra cks or r est
whi ch st a nd in fr o nt t o r eceive them. A n
intricate arra nge ment of r opes, pulleys and rigging wing them ea ily d own \1i th out a sist a nce
b y h a nd.
There th ey a re cut into sh orter leng ths and
carried Ly trolley t o th e p litting R oom .

Flattening
I n th e plittin g R oo m th e cylind ers are ca refully
examined und er pecia l lightin g, so that no
d efec t m ay b e o ve rloo ked . Those p assed a
E xamining and splitting the cylinders.
b eing up t o " Pilking ton q ua li ty " a re split longiate the row of lights.
tudin a Uy and ent on to t he fl a tte ning kilns.
The split cylinde rs a re placed in th e fl a tte ning
kilns wh ere th e h ea t oft ens th e glass, thus en a bling t h e fl a ttener to unroll th em on to a p erfec tly
flat bed on which th ey a re sm oo thed d own with a wooden " p olissoir." The gla now b eing in fiat
sh ee t s is p as ed do wn a m all lehr in order th a t it m ay b e p erfec tly annealed . It is correct
anneali ng that ens ur es th e good cutting qu a litie of th e glass. The glass i now sent to the Cutting
Room and Wareh ouse wh ere it i g raded for qua lity a nci. cut to the r equi ite size .

L ou:ering th e cylinders of
sheet glass on to the rests. (S ee
photograph on previous page.)

48

There are four qualities of Pilkington's Sheet Glass, which cover every requirement. These standards and qualitie are strictly adhered to, and they are
maintained by the fact that we always have a large number of furnaces in
operation.
This mean no variation, as contrasted with foreign manufactorie , le s completely
equipped, who turn out many different brands with as many different tandards.
The four qualities of Pilkington's Sheet Glas are as follow :
1st Quality.-Undoubtedly the fin est Sheet LARGEST SIZES , WEIGHTS &
Glass manufactured at the present day, withexceptional urface fini sh and flatn es . sed principally
for pictures, cabinet and imilar furnishings.
. f
2 n d Q ua}"1ty.-The accepted quality
or Sheet
Glass in P:'1blic buildings, private residences,
offices, studios, etc.
3rd Quality .-Suitable for most ordinary
work in buildings, conservatories, etc.
4th Quality.-For cheap glazing in workshops,
greenhouses, horticultural work and small cottages. Although this is 4 ths quality, architect s,
whose opinions are valuable, grade it considerably
higher than other gla s on the market sold at a
similar price.
NoTE .-In the Building Trade the word " Second"
in referen ce to Quality, is u uaily understood to
m ean an inferior quality . This is not the case in
the Glass Trade in which the standa d Pilkington
c1ualities are a described above.
FLUTED SHEET GLA
This is a serni-tran parent
scrN'n , partitions, t c., in
Approx. W eight
per Superficial Foot
15 oz.
21 oz.
26 oz.
32 oz. if required.

glas often used for

office and fa ctories.
E xtrem e Sizes
in One heet
55" X 36" or 50" X 40"
65" X 40" or 55" X 50"
60" X 40" or 50" X 50"

S BST NCE'. of SHEET GLA S. Extreme sizes

AJ!prox. f!eight p er
in On e heel
Superficial Foot
Length
Width
15 oz.
60" x 40"
8l " X 42 " or 68" X 50"
21 ,
26 ~~:
81 " X 45" or 70" x 51"
32 oz.
7411 39" or 58" X 50"
36 oz.
72 " X 36" or 58" X 44"
42 oz.
62 " X 35" or 54" X 41"
The e large sizes are made for cutting up for the
u sual sash dimen ions. Th v are not uitable for
glazing in single beet
All substance of glas up to 48" '"ide can be
" obscured " if neces ary.
MILL Al D FACTOR GL ZING
is upplied from stock in the fol lowing sizes
(26 and 32 oz.)
L engths Widths
from 56"/60" X 36"/40"
56"/60" x 18"/ 22"
36"/40" x 28"/30"
28"/30" x 18"/22"
36"/40" X 18"/22 " or divisibles

PHOTOGRAPHIC GLASS
W e suppl y this gla in thicknesses varying from 9 oz. to
21 oz. , according to the purpose r equired. The leading
Dry Plate Manufacturer use Pilkington's Photographic
Glass, for it is unri valled for consist ently high quality,
even thickness and accurate cutting.
SILK FINI H GLA S ha a special surface obscurity for
the most exact photographic screen work. Made in 9/ 12 oz.
in squares up to 40" X 24".
Our 9/ 12 oz. glass is widely used for LA TER SLIDES
and slide cover work.
OR AMENTAL SHEET GLASS
Shee t Glass can he upplied with designs worked upon its
surface in enamelled , mechanical, embossed, crystalline,
and other proces es.

F GLASS

I LE

111 st1c, a icl

s

HE above photograph how a Yarie t y of gla

article made in
our works .at t. H elens. It indica te how th e u e of glass has
spread to man y indu stri e whi ch hith erto u ed m ore cos tl y but le s
effi cie nt materials.

GLA

Battery Boxe , for in tanc e.

We upply large quantitie of th ese hoxe to batte ry m a ker . for use

in lig htin g our national railwa y . )lo t of th e Indian r ailways, too.
use our glas batter y boxe in pla e of the old-fa hioned wooden kind.
One big advantage of th e gla battery box i that, being transpare nt.
it hows the co ndition of th e co nte nt at a glance-a grea t aving of
tim e in th e examinati on of batteries.
Another advantage is that acid ca nnot affect a gla battery box. a
o often happen with a wood en. lead-lined co ntainer .
Th e solid co ns tru c ti on of gla battery boxe en ure that breakage is
quite negligible, and a th ey arc chea per than any other kind of
container, railwa y co mp a ni c haYe b ee n ab le to effec t co n iderable
economies by adopting th em.

50

Other miscellaneou s
artic/Ps include:
Gla ss Boxes for El ec tric
torage Batterie .
Op e n Top Jar s for
Primary Ce ll o.
lrl>ulators for Storage
Batteri e .
Li g hting G l obe of
'ariou ohapes.
Pipe , flan ged and be nt.
for chemical purpose.
Propa ga ting Glase>.
' traight quarium and
Fi,h lobco.
Rollin g Pin s and P aslr)
Board,.
hade s for CO \ e ring
flowe r ~o rna111 e nl ,e tc.
(round O\ a l & '<fuare ).
Va;es "ith lipped and
poli , li ed ed ge .

Otl1 r

The Old Casting Hall at Ravenhead

R eminiscent of some ancient church ,
original Casting Hall still tands
in th e work at Ravenhead, undisturb ed b v the cea le
activitv
which urro~nd it.
H er e it wa s in 1773 that the British
Plate Glass Company produced their
first cast plate .
H er Maj est y Queen Alexandra (as
1 he

Prince s of Wale )
h er e in 1865.

aw gla

made

ince then the hand of progr e . has

wrought but little change in the ap p earance of the Hall. Part have been
pulled down to make room for the
Cathedral Works, but the central ai le
hown above h as b een pre erved on
account of its historical a ociation s.

Briti h Gia

for
Br.ti h Homes
~

Th e 4 o'clock Glass Train

leaving Cowley Hill.

51

'