July 2014

www.Bankexamstoday.
com by Ramandeep Singh
w
w
www.BankExamsToday.com
an
.B
xa
kE
GK Digest - July
om
.c
ay
od
sT
Useful for SBI Clerk, RBI grade B, RBI assistants and IBPS PO exam
Ramandeep Singh (B.com., MBA)

7/29/2014
www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh
Policy Rates
Bank rate
9.0%
Repo rate
8.0%
Reverse repo rate
7.0%
CRR
4.0%
22.5%
SLR
Base rate
Term deposit rate
8% to 9.05%
sT
Union Budget 2014
xa
kE
an
.B
10% to 10.25%
Highlights of Budget 2014
om
.c
ay
od
Arun Jaitley, The Finance Minister of Narendra Modi's cabinet presented, Union Budget. I must say that
this budget is "Growth Oriented". Government planned to invest lots of funds on setting up of new
educational institutes and one of the most important step that government took - Increase in limit of 80C.
This would lead to higher investment rate and automatically this would help in job creation.
Tax exemption in 80(C) raised to Rs 1,50,000

Now people will invest more money in tax saving schemes which means saving and investment rate will
increase. This would have a direct impact on employment generation and growth rate
Cigarettes, Tobacco, Gutkha and Pan masala will be expensive and LCD tv, copper wires, imported
consumer products and machinery will be cheaper
Tax exemption limit increased from 2 lacs to 2.5 lacs

Much awaited and expected decision from FM. Although it was expected that tax exemption limit will be
increased to 3 lacs but it is increased to 2.5 lacs only. Government tried to relief to inflation stricken
public.

Individual resident below 60 years of age (i.e. born on or after 1st April 1953) or any NRI, HUF, AOP,
BOI or AJP*
Income Tax :Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14
Tax Rates
i.
Where the total income does not exceed Rs.

2,00,000/-.
NIL
ii.
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 2,00,000/- but

does not exceed Rs. 5,00,000/-.
Income Slabs
10% of amount by which the total income exceeds

Rs. 2,00,000/-
an
.B
Rs. 30,000/- + 20% of the amount by which the total

income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/-.
xa
kE
iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/- but

does not exceed Rs. 10,00,000/-.
iv. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-.
od
Surcharge : Nil
sT
Rs. 130,000/- + 30% of the amount by which the total

income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-.
ay
Education Cess : 3% of the Income Tax.
om
.c
* Abbreviations used :
NRI - Non Resident Individual; HUF - Hindu Undivided Family; AOP - Association of Persons; BOI Body of Individuals; AJP - Artificial Judicial Person
I.
Individual resident who is of the age of 60 years or more but below the age of 80 years at any
time during the previous year (i.e. born on or after 1st April 1933 but before 1st April 1953)

Income Slabs
Tax Rates
i.

2,50,000/-.
NIL
ii.
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 2,50,000/but does not exceed Rs. 5,00,000/-
10% of the amount by which the total income

exceeds Rs. 2,50,000/-.
iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/but does not exceed Rs. 10,00,000/-
Rs. 25,000/- + 20% of the amount by which the

total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/-.
Income Slabs
Tax Rates
iv. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-

Surcharge : Nil
II.
Individual resident who is of the age of 80 years or more at any time during the previous year (i.e.
born before 1st April 1933)
Income Slabs
an
.B

Tax Rates
kE

5,00,000/-.
ii.
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/but does not exceed Rs. 10,00,000/-
NIL
20% of the amount by which the total income

exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/-.
od
sT

om
.c
ay
iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-
xa
i.
Surcharge : Nil
III.
Co-operative Society

Income Slabs
Tax Rates
i.

10,000/-.
10% of the income.
ii.
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,000/- but

does not exceed Rs. 20,000/-.
Rs. 1,000/- + 20% of income in excess of Rs.

10,000/-.
iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 20,000/-
Rs. 3.000/- + 30% of the amount by which the

total income exceeds Rs. 20,000/-.

Surcharge : Nil
Education Cess : 3% of the Income-tax.
IV.
Firm
Income Tax : 30% of total income.Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Surcharge : Nil
Local Authority
V.
Surcharge : Nil

Domestic Company
xa
VI.
kE
an
.B
sT
Company other than a Domestic Company
om
VII.
.c
Education Cess : 3% of the total of Income Tax and Surcharge.
ay
od
Surcharge : The amount of income tax as computed in accordance with above rates, and after being
reduced by the amount of tax rebate shall be increased by a surcharge at the rate of 5% of such income
tax, provided that the total income exceeds Rs. 1 crore. (Marginal Relief in Surcharge, if applicable)
@ 50% of on so much of the total income as consist of (a) royalties received from
Government or an Indian concern in pursuance of an agreement made by it with the
Government or the Indian concern after the 31st day of March, 1961 but before the 1st
day of April, 1976; or (b) fees for rendering technical services received from Government
or an Indian concern in pursuance of an agreement made by it with the Government or
the Indian concern after the 29th day of February, 1964 but before the 1st day of April,
1976, and where such agreement has, in either case, been approved by the Central
Government.
@ 40% of the balance
Surcharge : The amount of income tax as computed in accordance with above rates, and after being
reduced by the amount of tax rebate shall be increased by a surcharge at the rate of 2% of such income
tax, provided that the total income exceeds Rs. 1 crore. (Marginal Relief in Surcharge, if applicable)
Education Cess : 3% of the total of Income Tax and Surcharge.

Marginal Relief in Surcharge
When the taxable income of a domestic or other company exceeds Rs. 1 crore, it is liable to pay
Surcharge at prescribed rates as mentioned above on Income Tax. However, the amount of Income Tax
and Surcharge shall not increase the amount of income tax payable on a taxable income of Rs. 1 crore by
more than the amount of increase in taxable income.
Example :
In case of a domestic firm having taxable income of Rs. 1,00,01,000/-
1. Income Tax
Rs. 30,00,300
w
an
.B
Rs. 1,50,015
3. Income Tax on income of Rs. 1 crore
Rs. 30,00,000
xa
kE
2. Surcharge @5% of Income Tax
Rs. 700/- (1000 - 300)
5. Income Tax + Surcharge payable
Rs. 30,01,000
ay
od
6. Marginal Relief in Surcharge
sT
4. Maximum Surcharge payable

(Income over Rs. 1 crore less income tax on income over Rs. 1
crore)
om
.c
Rs. 1,49,315/- (1,50,030 700)
Four new IIT's and Five new IIM's

Government is trying to use big names in education but that doesn't ensure high quality education.
Nothing has been done to provide education loans at low rate of interest. Still procedures are very
complicated.
New Schemes Introduced in Budget 2014

Scheme
Fund Allocation
Textile cluster
200 cr
Kisan television
100 cr
Four new AIIMS
500 cr

Modernization of Madrassas
100 cr
Community radio centres
100 cr
Agricultural university
200 cr
Beti padhao Bti badhao Yojna
100 cr
Statue of Unity of Sardar Vallabh Patel
200 cr
National rural Internet and technology mission
500 cr
New and renewable energy
500 cr
Soil testing lab
an
.B
Soil health card policy
100 cr
kE
100 cr
om
.c
ay
od
GDP growth
sT
xa
Metro rails development project
100 cr
FY15 = Projected GDP for year 2015

Goods and Services Tax to be introduced in December 2014
Jaitley promised to bring GST by December 2014. GST will be common tax system for goods and
services for all the states. Central government wants to centralize the indirect taxation system and abolish
VAT. GST would ensure same tax on same commodity in every state in India. This would directly impact
state government who would lose decision making authority.
I am listening about GST from last 5 years and many Finance Ministers promised to introduce it in
previous budget. Till now no FM met his promise.
w
w
w
Highlights
an
.B
sT
xa
kE
Taxes and Interests

Income tax exemption limit raised from Rs.2 Lakh to Rs.2.5 Lakh
Deduction limit under Section 80-C raised to Rs.1.5 Lakh
Annual PPF ceiling hiked to Rs.1.5 Lakh
No tax for income upto Rs.3 Lakh for senior citizens
Housing loan interest deduction limit raised from Rs.1.5 Lakh to Rs.2 Lakh
Aim: Save taxpayers from burden
om
.c
ay
od
Womens Safety
Rs.50 Crore for safety for Women on public road transport
Rs.150 Crore security net in large cities
Crisis Management centres to come up in Delhi
Rs.100 Crore for Beti Padhao, Bet Bachao Yojana
Aim: 2013 saw a crime spike by 26.7% compared to the previous year. Nirbhaya like incidents drew
worldwide condemnation
Power & Energy
Rs.500 Crore for solar power projects
24 7 power supply to all homes
Rs.100 Crore for Ultra Modern Super Critical Coal Based Thermal Power Technology
Rs.200 Crore for power reforms in Delhi
Why: For meeting ever growing demand. Villages and rural areas to benefit most.
Education
5 new IITs and an equal number of IIMs, 4 new AIIMS

Rs.28,635 Crore for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Rs.4,966 Crore for the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
Aim: To check high school dropouts and boos higher education
Defence
Gets Rs.2.29 Lakh Crore, One-Rank One- Pay adopted

FDI limit raised from 26% to 49%
Rs.1000 Crore for border area rail network
Additional Rs.5000 Crore for the modernization of armed forces

Pushing to the front: Indias strategic interests demand state-of-the-art weapons and capability to deploy
troops swiftly
Agriculture
Rs.100 Crore for Agri-infrastructure fund
Rs.50 Crore for indigenous cattle breeding
Rs.8 Lakh Crore for agriculture credit
Government to formulate new urea policy
Rs.500 Crore for price stabilization fund
Rs.100 Crore for Kisan Television
Farmers to get loans at 7%
Two IARI like institutions of excellence in Assam and Jharkhand
Aim: To encourage R & D and rationalize fertilizer prices to boost rural economy
an
.B
Tourism
Markets & Banking

PSU Banks to raise Rs.2.40 Lakh Crore capital by 2018
Introduction of uniform KYC norms
One single operating DMAT Account
Two bank accounts in each household to be opened
What it means: Banking facilities for all households
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
E-visas at nine airports, Rs.500 Crore for 5 new tourist circuits

National Heritage city Development and Augmentation Yojana
Rs.100 Crore for the preservation of archaeological sites
Target: More revenue and foreign currency. Government looks forward to an average annual growth of
8% per year
Infrastructure
Rs.37,850 Crore allocated for road building plan via NHAI, including Rs.3000 Crore for
the North East
Rs.11,635 Crore to develop existing ports & harbours
Schemes for development of airports in tier-I and II cities via AAI and PPP
Rs.7,060 Crore allocated for 100 smart cities
Rs.100 Crore for metro projects in Lucknow and Ahmedabad
The way ahead: To clear highways sector from the maze of clearances.
Customs & Excise

Colour picture tubes exempted from basic customs duty
Basic customs duty on LCD, LED panels below 19 inches reduced
More proposals to cut excise on food processing and footwear
Cigarattes, tobacco products, aerated water containing sugar to become expensive
Aim: To curb use of tobacco products as smoking results in 1 million deaths every year and 20% of the
total deaths in the country.
Sports
Rs.200 Crore for upgrading indoor and outdoor facilities in Jammu and Kashmir
Rs.100 Crore allocated for Sports University in Manipur
Rs.100 Crore for training sportsmen and women for upcoming Commonwealth and Asian
Games.
Aim: As sports have not been mainstreamed to date, was a need to set up national level academies for
major games in different parts of the country.
Information Technology
Tax benefits for IT industry restored
FDI to be allowed in e-commerce sector to provide much needed boost to the online retail
industry
Rs.100 Crore set aside for development of Technology Development Fund
Biotech clusters to be set up in Bangalore and Faridabad
All government departments, ministries to be integrated through e-platform by 31 Dec.,
2014
Aim: to promote the use of new technology and integration of technology across sectors.
an
.B
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
Rural Development
Rs.500 Crore for Deen Dayal Upadhaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
Rs.14,389 Crore for Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Initial sum of Rs.100 Crore for Village Entrepreneurship Programme
New programme Neeranchal to give impetus to watershed development with an initial
outlay of Rs.2,142 Crore
Swatch Bharat Abhiyaan targeting total sanitation by 2019
Low interest loan scheme for women self help groups
Railway Budget 2014
Union minister Sadananda Gowda presented first Railway Budget by NDA government.
Highlights of Budget
Indian railway spend only 94 paisa of revenues, remaining 6 paisa is saved.
Gross receipts in 2013-14 was Rs 12,35,558 crore;
Railway to set food courts in major stations
Set up CCTV cameras in every station to monitoring services and cleanliness
5400+ unmanned railway crossing removed.
Ultrasonic system will be installed to monitor problem in tracks.
Bullet trains will be started on MumbaiAhmedabad route.
IRCTC ortal to be modernized. Modern system will support 1,20,000 concurrent users
Diamond Quadrilateral project will be started which will connect metros with high speed trains
Wifi facility will be provided in A1 and A2 trains
850 new coaches for Mumbai local trains
Direct trains on Chardham routs
Paperless offices to be set up within 5 years
27 express trains to be introduced
5 Jansadharan and 5 premium AC trains to be introduced
In future major projects will be financed through PPP(Public Private Partnership)
17000 RPF including 4000 women constables to be recruited to ensure safety
To provide facility to transport milk in collaboration with Amul
Special tourist trains to be started to connect all major tourist spots
Set-up Railway University for skilled employees
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Brics Bank
BRICS Summit consisting of 5 countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) was held in
Fortaleza, Brazil. The BRICS bank is going to start where there will be shares of these countries for
mutual respect, economy and geopolitical issues.
Who got what ?
Headquarters - Shanghai, China

First presidency - India
Chairmanship - Russia and Brazil
Investment
New Development Bank will have $10 billion paid up capital as of now. Each country would contribute
$2 billion. Additional $40 billion will be paid in future.
Problems
BRICS is different from G-7 countries or summit as there are economic problems in BRICS, while in G-7
all are wealthy countries G-7 countries does not have any disputes between them whether political,
economy, geopolitical whereas in BRICS, India & China have border disputes, South Africa is a small
nation, whereas India & Russia shares only their import & export. So its a platform to work together for
the stake of countries to move ahead against the G-7 countries and for mutual economy and friendship.
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
w
w
w
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Fifa World Cup 2014

World's biggest sports event is over now. Germany defeated Argentina by 1-0 at Maracana, Rio De
Janario. Mario Goetze scored the only goal of the match on 113th minute. Magic-man Messi unable to
bring World Cup to his country.
Once Argentina scored a goal but that was not counted due to off-side foul. Both teams unable to make a
perfect shot until 90 minutes. Argentina got some golden opportunities in first but they failed to convert
them into goals. Messi lost two opportunities to score a goal. His shots were too wide.
Mario Gtze replaced Miroslav Klose on 88th minute and he scored winning goal on 113th minute. It was
an intelligent decision by the manager.
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
On 83 minute a fan disturbed the game and ran between the ground.
Important Organizations and their Abbreviations

IOD- Indian Ocean Dipole
ICANN- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
CCI- Competition Commission of India
DGCA- The Directorate General of Civil Aviation
UNESCO- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
IAEA- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
NFSA- National Food Security Act
UNEP- United Nations Environment Programme
NDMA- National Disaster Management Authority
MPA- Marine Protected Area
OHCHR- Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights
DRSC- District-level Road Safety Committees
AICTE :- All India Council of Technical Education
AIIMS :- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
ASSOCHAM :- Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry
BIS :- Bureau of Indian Standards
CSIR :- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CVC :- Central Vigilance Commission
DGCA :- Director General of Civil Aviation
ECIL :- Electronic Corporation of India Limited
FCI :- Food Corporation of India
FICCI :- Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
FIEO :- Federation of Indian Export Organization
IDFC Infrastructure Development Finance Co. Ltd.
GATT :- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
AICI Agricultural Insurance Corporation of India
CCIC Central Cottage Industries Corporation
CCI Consumer Confidence Index
EFTA European Free Trade Association
ISROIndian Space Research Organisation
ICICIIndustrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
HDFCHousing Development Finance Corporation
NASA :-National aeronautics and space administration.
ESA :-Employment and support Allowance
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Portfolios of the Union Council of Ministers

Prime Minister
Shri Narendra Modi
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

Department of Atomic Energy Department of Space
All important policy issues
and all other portfolios not allocated to any Minister
Cabinet Ministers
w
an
.B
Shri Raj Nath Singh
Home Affairs
Smt. Sushma Swaraj
Shri Arun Jaitley
Finance
Corporate Affairs
Defence
Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu
Urban Development
Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
Parliamentary Affairs
Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari
Road Transport and Highways

Shipping
Rural Development
Panchayati Raj
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Shri D.V. Sadananda

Gowda
Railways
Sushri Uma Bharati
Water Resources, River Development and Ganga

Rejuvenation
Dr. Najma A. Heptulla
Minority Affairs
Shri Ramvilas Paswan
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
External Affairs
Overseas Indian Affairs
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
11 Smt. Maneka Sanjay

Gandhi
Women and Child Development
12 Shri Ananthkumar
Chemicals and Fertilizers
13 Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad
Communications and Information Technology

Law and Justice
10 Shri Kalraj Mishra
w
w
Civil Aviation
15 Shri Anant Geete
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
kE
an
.B
14 Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju

Pusapati
Food Processing Industries
17 Shri Narendra Singh Tomar
Mines
Steel
Labour and Employment
18 Shri Jual Oram
Tribal Affairs
19 Shri Radha Mohan Singh
Agriculture
20 Shri Thaawar Chand

Gehlot
Social Justice and Empowerment
21 Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani
Human Resource Development
22 Dr. Harsh Vardhan
Health and Family Welfare
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
16 Smt. Harsimrat Kaur Badal
Ministers of State
1
General V.K. Singh
Development of North Eastern Region (Independent

Charge)
External Affairs
Overseas Indian Affairs
Shri Inderjit Singh Rao
Planning (Independent Charge)
Statistics and Programme Implementation (Independent

Charge)
Defence
Shri Santosh Kumar
Gangwar
Textiles (Independent Charge)

Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation
Shri Shripad Yesso Naik
Shri Dharmendra Pradhan
Petroleum and Natural Gas (Independent Charge)
Shri Sarbananda Sonowal
Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, Youth Affairs and

Sports (Independent Charge)
Shri Prakash Javadekar
Information and Broadcasting (Independent Charge)

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Independent
Charge)
Shri Piyush Goyal
Power (Independent Charge)

Coal (Independent Charge)
New and Renewable Energy (Independent Charge)
Dr. Jitendra Singh
Science and Technology (Independent Charge)

Earth Sciences (Independent Charge)
Prime Minister Office
Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Space
w
w
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Culture (Independent Charge)

Tourism (Independent Charge)
10 Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
Commerce and Industry (Independent Charge)

Finance
Corporate Affairs
11 Shri G.M. Siddeshwara
Civil Aviation
12 Shri Manoj Sinha
Railways
13 Shri Nihalchand
Chemicals and Fertilizers
14 Shri Upendra Kushwaha
Rural Development
Panchayati Raj
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
15 Shri Radhakrishnan P
17 Shri Krishan Pal
Home Affairs
an
.B
16 Shri Kiren Rijiju
kE
Road Transport and Highways

Shipping
Agriculture
Food Processing Industries
19 Shri Mansukhbhai
Dhanjibhai Vasava
Tribal Affairs
20 Shri Raosaheb Dadarao

Danve
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
21 Shri Vishnu Deo Sai
Mines
Steel
Labour and Employment
22 Shri Sudarshan Bhagat
Social Justice and Empowerment
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
18 Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Balyan
Important Days
January 9
NRI Day
January 10
World Laughter Day
January 12
National Youth Day
January 15
Army Day
January 26
India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
January 30
Martyrs' Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
2nd Sunday of February
World Marriage Day
February 24
Central Excise Day
February 28
National Science Day
Second Monday March
Commonwealth Day
March 8
International Women's Day Intl. literacy Day
March 15
World Disabled Day World Consumer Rights Day
March 18
Ordnance Factories Day (India)
March 21
World Forestry Day International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22
World Day for Water
March 23
World Meteorological Day
March 24
World TB Day
April 5
International Day for Mine Awareness; National Maritime Day
April 7
World Health Day
April 17
World Haemophilia Day
April 18
World Heritage Day
April 21
Secretaries' Day
April 22
Earth Day
April 23
World Book and Copyright Day
May 1
Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
May 3
Press Freedom Day; World Asthma Day
May 2nd
Sunday Mother's Day
May 4
Coal Miners' Day
May 8
World Red Cross Day
May 9
World Thalassaemia Day
May 11
National Technology Day
May 12
World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day
May 15
International Day of the Family
May 17
World Telecommunication Day
May 24
Commonwealth Day
May 31
Anti-tobacco Day
June 4
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5
World Environment Day
June 3rd Sunday
Father's Day
June 14
World Blood Donor Day
June 26
International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
July 1
Doctor's Day
July 6
World Zoonoses Day
July 11
World Population Day
August 3
Internatioal Friendship Day
August 6
Hiroshima Day
August 8
World Senior Citizen's Day
August 9
Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day
August 15
Indian Independence Day
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
w
w
w
IntI. Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples

Photography Day
National Sports Day
Coconut Day
Teachers' Day; Sanskrit Day
World Literacy Day (UNESCO)
Engineers' Day
World Ozone Day
Alzheimer's Day; Day for Peace & Non-violence (UN)
Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
Day of the Deaf
World Tourism Day
International Day for the Elderly
Gandhi Jayanthi
World Habitat Day
World Animal Welfare Day
Indian Air Force Day
World Post Office Day
National Post Day
World Sight Day
UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
World Standards Day
World White Cane Day (guiding the blind)
World Food Day
UN Day; World Development Information Day
World Thrift Day
Legal Services Day
Children's Day; Diabetes Day
National Epilepsy Day
Africa Industrialisation Day
International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People
World AIDS Day
World Day of the Handicapped
Indian Navy Day
Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
Human Rights Day; IntI. Children's Day of Broadcasting
Minorities Rights Day
Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
August 18
August 19
August 29
September 2
September 5
September 8
September 15
September 16
September 21
September 22
September 26
September 27
October 1
October 2
October 3
October 4
October 8
October 9
October 10
October 2nd Thursday
October 13
October 14
October 15
October 16
October 24
October 30
November 9
November 14
November 17
November 20
November 29
December 1
December 3
December 4
December 7
December 10
December 18
December 23
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Algeria
Algiers
Dinar
Arabic
Angola
Luanda
Angolar
Portuguese
Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Gaborone
Pula
English
Setswana
CFA franc
French
Rupie
Kirundi
French
CFA franc
French
English
Botswana
Name
w
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Bujumbura
Cameroon
Yaound
Cape Verde
Praia
Central African
Republic
Bangui
Chad
N'Djamena
Ouagadougou
xa
kE
an
.B
CFA franc
French
Sango
CFA franc
French
Arabic
Comoros
Moroni
.c
ay
od
sT
Cape Verdean
Portuguese
escudo
Comorian
Arabic
French
Congo(CongoBrazzaville)
Brazzaville
CFA franc
French
Cte d'Ivoire(Ivory Yamoussoukro (official)

Coast)
Abidjan (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Democratic
Republic of the
Congo(CongoKinshasa)
Kinshasa
Congolese
franc
French
Djibouti
Djibouti
Djiboutian
franc
French
Arabic
Egypt
Cairo
Egyptian
pound
Arabic
Equatorial
Guinean
peseta
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Tallero
Tigrinya
Arabic
English
Eritrea
Asmara
om
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Comorian
franc
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Ethiopia
Addis Ababa
Birr
Amharic
Gabon
Libreville
CFA franc
French
Gambia
Banjul
Gambian
dalasi
English
Accra
Ghana cedi
English
Ghana
Name
w
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Bissau
CFA franc
Portuguese
Kenya
Nairobi
Kenyan
shilling
Swahili
English
Lesotho
Maseru
Lesotho loti
English
Sesotho
Liberia
Monrovia
Liberian
dollar
English
Libya
Tripoli
Dinar
Arabic
Madagascar
Antananarivo
Malagasy
ariary
Malagasy
French
Malawi
Lilongwe
Kwacha
.c
English
Chichewa
Mali
Bamako
CFA franc
French
Mauritania
Nouakchott
Ouguiya
Arabic
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mauritian
rupee
Mauritian
Creole
French
English
Mayotte
Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Morocco
Rabat
Moroccan
dirham
Arabic
Berber
Mozambique
Maputo
Mozambican
metical
Portuguese
Namibia
Windhoek
Namibian
dollar
English
Conakry
Guinean franc French
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
om
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Niger
Niamey
CFA franc
French
Nigeria
Abuja
Naira
English
Runion
Saint-Denis
Euro
French
Kigali
Rwandan
franc
Kinyarwanda
English
French
Rwanda
Name
Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Georgetown (Ascension Island)
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan da
Cunha)
Saint Helena
pound
English
Pound sterling
Sao Tome and

Principe
So Tom
Dobra
Portuguese
Senegal
Dakar
CFA franc
French
Seychellois
rupee
Seychellois
Creole
French
English
Victoria
Sierra Leone
Freetown
English
Somalia
Mogadishu
Somali
shilling
Somali
Arabic
Somaliland
Hargeisa
Somaliland
shilling
Somali
Arabic
South Africa
Pretoria(administrative/executive)
Cape Town (legislative)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Afrikaans
English
Southern
Ndebele
Northern
Sotho
South African Southern
rand
Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
South Sudan
Juba
South
Sudanese
ay
Seychelles
.c
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan da Cunha
Leone
om
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
pound
Khartoum
Sudanese
pound
Arabic
English
Swaziland
Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Lilangeni
English
Swati
Tanzania
Dodoma (official)
Dar es Salaam (seat of government)
Tanzanian
shilling
Swahili
English
CFA franc
French
Sudan
Lom
Togo
an
.B
Tunisian dinar Arabic
Uganda
Kampala
Ugandan
shilling
Western Sahara
None Disputed territory between

Moroccoand the
Sahrawi Arab
Democratic Republic
Zambia
Lusaka
Zimbabwe
Harare
None
Zambian
kwacha
English
.c
English
Shona
Sindebele
various
om
Flag
Swahili
English
Luganda
Moroccan
dirham
See respective
Algerian dinar
claimants
Mauritanian
ouguiya
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
Tunis
Tunisia
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Abkhazia
Sukhumi
De factosovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized byUnited Nations as
part of Georgia.
Russian ruble
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Pashto
Dari (Persian)
Euro
English
Greek
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Episkopi Cantonment

Armenia
Yerevan
Dram
Armenian
Azerbaijan[Europe]
Baku
Manat
Azerbaijani
Bahrain
Manama
Bahraini dinar
Arabic
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Bangladesh
Dhaka
Taka
Bengali
Bhutan
Thimphu
Bhutanese
ngultrum
Dzongkha
British Indian Ocean

Territory
Diego Garcia
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
US dollar
UK pound
English
Bandar Seri Begawan
Brunei dollar
Bahasa Melayu
Phnom Penh
Riel
Khmer
China
Beijing
Renminbi (yuan)
Standard
Chinese
Christmas Island
Flying Fish Cove

External territory of Australia
Australian dollar
English
Cocos (Keeling)
Islands
West Island
External territory of
AustraliaExternal territory of
Australia
Australian dollar
English
Cyprus[Europe]
Nicosia
East Timor(TimorLeste)
Dili
US Dollar
Georgia[Europe]
Tbilisi
Lari
Hong Kong
Special administrative region of

China
Hong Kong dollar
English
Cantonese
Indian Rupee
Official[edit]
Hindi
English
Permeably
official[edit]
Sanskrit
Kannada
Sindhi
Punjabi
Gujarati
Tamil
Konkani
Telugu
Malayalam
Oriya
Bangla
Assamese
Brunei
Name
Euro
om
.c
ay
New Delhi
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
India
Cambodia
Greek
Turkish
Portuguese
Tetum
Georgian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Manipuri
Kashmiri
Marathi
Urdu
Bodo
Dogri
Maithili
Nepali
Santhali
Bhojpuri
Marathi
Devanagari
w
w
an
.B
Jakarta
Iran
Tehran
Iraq
Baghdad
Israel
Jerusalem
Japan
Tokyo
Jordan
Amman
Jordanian dinar
Kazakhstan
Astana
Tenge
Kurdistan
Erbil
Dinar
Kurdish
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kuwaiti dinar
Arabic
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
Kyrgyz
Russian
Laos
Vientiane
Kip
Lao
Lebanon
Beirut
Lebanese pound
Arabic
Macau
Special administrative region of

China
Macanese pataca
Portuguese
Cantonese
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur(official)
Putrajaya (seat of government)
Ringgit
Malaysian
Maldives
Mal
Maldivian rufiyaa Maldivian
Rupiah
Indonesian
Rial
Persian
Iraqi dinar
Kurdish
Arabic
New shekel
Hebrew
Arabic
od
sT
xa
kE
Indonesia
Yen
Japanese
om
.c
ay
Arabic
Kazakh
Russian
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
Tgrg
Mongolian
Myanmar(Burma)
Naypyidaw
Kyat
Burmese
Nagorno-Karabakh
Stepanakert
Recognized byUnited
Nations asde jure part
ofAzerbaijan
Armenian dram
Armenian
Nepalese rupee
Nepali
Name
an
.B
Kathmandu
Northern Cyprus
Nicosia
general international recognition Turkish lira
Recognized byUnited Nation asde
jure part ofCyprus
North Korea
Pyongyang
Oman
Muscat
Turkish
North Korean won Korean

Rial
Arabic
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
Nepal
Pakistani Rupee
English
Urdu
Sindhi
Punjabi
Saraiki
Pushto
Balochi
Balti
Kashmiri
Pakistan
Islamabad
Palestine
East Jerusalem(claimed capital)

Ramallah (West Bank seat of
government)
Gaza (Gaza Stripseat of
Israeli shekel
government)
Territory occupied byIsrael
State of Palestine(flag
displayed)proclaimed on territory
Arabic
Philippines
Manila
Philippine Peso
Filipino
English
Qatar
Doha
Riyal
Arabic
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Saudi riyal
Arabic
Flag
Name
Capital
Official
language
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil
Singapore
Singapore dollar
South Korea
Seoul
South Korean won Korean
South Ossetia
Tskhinvali
Recognized byUnited
Nations asde jure part ofGeorgia
Russian ruble
Ossetic
Georgian
Russian
Sri Lanka
Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
Sri Lankan rupee
Sinhala
Tamil
Syria
Damascus
Syrian pound
Arabic
Taiwan
Taipei
Recognized byUnited Nations as
part of China.
New Taiwan dollar
Standard
Chinese
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
Somoni
Tajik
Thailand
Bangkok
Baht
Thai
Turkey[Europe]
Ankara
Turkish lira
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Turkmen new
manat
Turkmen
United Arab
Emirates
Abu Dhabi
UAE dirham
Arabic
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Uzbekistan som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston so'mi)
Vietnam
Hanoi
ng
Yemen
Sana'a
Yemeni rial
Singapore
od
Currency
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
om
.c
ay
Flag
Vietnamese
Arabic
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
land Islands
Mariehamn
Autonomous region ofFinland(recognized
Euro
Swedish
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
by international treaty)
Tirana
Lek
Albanian
Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Euro
Catalan
Austria
Vienna
Euro
German
Belarus
Belarusian
ruble
Belarusian
Russian
Belgium
Brussels
Euro
Dutch
French
German
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Sarajevo
Convertible
mark
Bosnian
Croatian
Serbian
Bulgaria
Sofia
Lev
Bulgarian
Croatia
Zagreb
Kuna
Croatian
Albania
Minsk
Czech koruna Czech
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Czech Republic Prague

Copenhagen
Danish
krone[a]
Danish
Estonia
Tallinn
Euro
Estonian
Faroe Islands
Trshavn
Faroese
Faroese krna
Self-governing territory of theDanish Realm
Danish
Finland
Helsinki
Euro
Finnish
Swedish
France
Paris
Euro
CFP franc
French
Germany
Berlin
Euro
German
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United Kingdom
Gibraltar
pound
English
Greece
Athens
Euro
Greek
Guernsey
Saint Peter Port

British Crown dependency
Pound sterling
English
French
Hungary
Budapest
Forint
Hungarian
om
.c
Denmark
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Iceland
Reykjavk
Icelandic
krna
Icelandic
Ireland
Dublin
Euro
English
Irish
Isle of Man
Douglas
Pound sterling
English
Manx
Euro
Italian
Pound sterling
English
French
Rome
Italy
Name
Saint Helier
Kosovo
Pristina
De factosovereign state recognized by over
80 UN member states
Euro
A United Nationsmandate inSerbianterritory
was put in place starting in 1999.
Albanian
Serbian
Latvia
Riga
Lats
Latvian
Liechtenstein
Vaduz
Swiss franc
German
Lithuania
Vilnius
Lithuanian
litas
Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Euro
Macedonia
Skopje
Macedonian
denar
Macedonian
Malta
Valletta
Euro
Maltese
English
Moldova
Chiinu
Moldovan leu Moldovan
Monaco
Monaco
Euro
French
Montenegro
Podgorica
Euro
Montenegrin
Netherlands
Amsterdam
Euro
US dollar
Dutch
NA guilder
Aruban florin
Norway
Oslo
Norwegian
krone
Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk
Poland
Warsaw
Zoty
Polish
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Jersey
Luxembourgish
French
German
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Portugal
Lisbon
Euro
Portuguese
Romania
Bucharest
Romanian leu Romanian
Moscow
Russian
Russian ruble 27 others coofficial
Russia
w
San Marino
Serbia
Belgrade
Serbian dinar Serbian
Slovakia
Bratislava
Euro
Slovak
Slovenia
Ljubljana
Euro
Slovene
Euro
Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque
Norwegian
San Marino
Euro
Italian
w
m
xa
kE
an
.B
Madrid
Svalbard
Longyearbyen
Special territory ofNorway(recognized by
international treaty)
Norwegian
krone
Sweden
Stockholm
Swedish
krona
Swedish
German
French
Italian
Romansh
om
.c
ay
od
sT
Spain
Switzerland
Bern
Swiss franc
Transnistria
Tiraspol
De factosovereign state lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as de
jure part ofMoldova
Russian
Transnistrian
Moldovan
ruble
Ukrainian
Ukraine
Kiev
Ukrainian
hryvnia
United
Kingdom
London
Pound sterling English
Vatican City
Vatican City
Euro
Ukrainian
Italian
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Anguilla
The Valley
Kingdom
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Antigua and
Barbuda
St. John's
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Aruba
Oranjestad
Constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Aruban florin
Papiamento
Dutch
Nassau
Bahamian Dollar
English
Barbados
Bridgetown
Barbadian Dollar
English
Belize
Belmopan
Belize Dollar
English
Bermuda
Hamilton
Kingdom
Bermudian Dollar
English
Bonaire
Kralendijk
Special municipality of the
Netherlands
United States
Dollar
Dutch
Name
United States
Dollar
om
.c
Road Town
British Virgin Islands Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Bahamas
English
Canada
Ottawa
Canadian Dollar
French
English
Cayman Islands
George Town
Kingdom
Cayman Islands
Dollar
English
Clipperton Island
uninhabited
Overseas territory of France
Euro
French
Costa Rica
San Jos
Costa Rican colon
Spanish
Cuba
Havana
Cuban peso
Spanish
Curaao
Willemstad
Netherlands
Antillean guilder
Papiamento
Dutch
Dominica
Roseau
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Dominican peso
Spanish
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
Flag
Capital
Currency
Official
language
El Salvador
San Salvador
United States
Dollar
Spanish
Greenland
Nuuk
Self-governing territory of
the Danish Realm
Danish Krone
Greenlandic
Grenada
St. George's
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Basse-Terre
Euro
French
Name
Guadeloupe
Guatemala City
Guatemalan
quetzal
Spanish
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Haitian gourde
French
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
Honduran lempira
Spanish
Jamaica
Kingston
Jamaican Dollar
English
Martinique
Fort-de-France
Euro
French
Mexico
Mexico City
Montserrat
Plymouth(official)
Brades (seat of government)
Kingdom
Navassa Island
United States
Insular area of the United States of
Dollar
America
Nicaragua
Managua
Nicaraguan
cordoba
Panama
Panama City
United States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian balboa
Puerto Rico
San Juan
United States
Dollar
America
Saba
The Bottom
Netherlands
United States
Dollar
Saint Barthlemy
Gustavia
Overseas collectivity ofFrance
Euro
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Guatemala
Mexican peso
Spanish
ay
English
om
.c
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Spanish
English
Spanish
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre
Official
language
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Castries
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Saint Martin
Marigot
Euro
French
Saint Pierre and

Miquelon
Saint-Pierre
Euro
French
East Caribbean
Dollar
English
Saint Lucia
Kingstown
an
.B
Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines
Sint Eustatius
Oranjestad
Netherlands
United States
Dollar
Sint Maarten
Philipsburg
Netherlands
Antillean guilder
Trinidad and
Tobago
Port of Spain
Trinidad and
Tobago Dollar
Turks and Caicos

Islands
Cockburn Town
Kingdom
United States
Washington, D.C.
United States Virgin

Islands
Charlotte Amalie
United States
Dollar
America
od
sT
xa
kE
English
United States
Dollar
English
United States
Dollar
none
om
.c
ay
Flag
Currency
English
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Peso
Spanish
Bolivia
Sucre(official)
La Paz (seat of government)
Boliviano
Spanish
Quechua
Aymara
Brazil
Braslia
Real
Portuguese
Chile
Santiago
Peso
Spanish
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Colombia
Bogot
Peso
Spanish
Ecuador
Quito
United States dollar
Spanish
Falkland
Islands
Stanley
Kingdom
Falkland Islands
pound
English
French Guiana
Cayenne
Euro
French
Guyana
Georgetown
Guyanese dollar
English
Paraguay
Asuncin
Guaran
Spanish
Guaran
Peru
Lima
Nuevo sol
Spanish
Suriname
Paramaribo
Surinamese dollar
Dutch
Uruguay
Montevideo
Venezuela
Caracas
Name
Capital
Currency
American
Samoa
Pago Pago
Insular area of the United States of United States dollar
America
Name
od
Flag
sT
xa
kE
an
.B
Uruguayan peso
Spanish
Flag
Ashmore and
Cartier Islands
External
territory of
Australia
om
.c
ay
Bolvar fuerte
Spanish
Official
language
English
Samoan
Australia
Canberra
Australian dollar
Baker Island
Insular area of the United

States of America
Cook Islands
Avarua
Self-governing parliamentary
New Zealand dollar
democracy in free association with Cook Islands dollar
New Zealand
Coral Sea
None[c]
English
Cook
Islands
Mori
Flag
Name
Capital
Official
language
Currency
Islands
Australia
Suva
French
Polynesia
Papeete
CFP Franc
Guam
Hagta

States of America
Fiji
French

States of America
Howland Island
w
an
.B

States of America
Kiribati
South Tarawa
Marshall
Islands
Majuro
Micronesia
Palikir
Midway Atoll
Nauru
Yaren (seat of government)
Nouma
New Caledonia Sui generis collectivity(special
collectivity) ofFrance
sT
xa

States of America

States of America
om
Kingman Reef

States of America
.c
ay
Johnston Atoll
od
kE
Jarvis Island
CFP Franc
French
Wellington
New Zealand Dollar
Maori
New
Zealand
Sign
English
Niue
Alofi
Self-governing
parliamentary democracy in
free association with New
Zealand
Norfolk Island
Kingston
Self-governing territory of
Australia
Northern
Mariana
Islands
Saipan

States of America
New Zealand
Flag
Name
Capital
Palau
Melekeok
Palmyra Atoll
Papua New
Guinea
Port Moresby

States of America
Overseas territory of the

United Kingdom
Pitcairn Islands Adamstown
Samoa
Apia
Solomon
Islands
Honiara
Tokelau
Nukunonu(main settlement,
although each atoll has its own
administrative centre)
Tonga
Nukualofa
Tuvalu
Funafuti
Vanuatu
Port Vila
Wake Island
Insular area of the United States of United States dollar

America
Wallis and
Futuna
Mata-Utu
kE
an
.B
Dependent territory of New

Zealand
od
sT
xa
Vanuatu vatu
om
.c
ay
Flag
Official
language
Currency
French
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
Language
Bouvet Island
Dependent territory of
Norway
French Southern
Territories
Alfred Faure(Crozet Islands)

Port-aux-Franais(Kerguelen Islands)
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Paul andAmsterdamIslands)
Overseas territory of France
Euro
French
Heard Island and

McDonald Islands
Australia
CFP Franc
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
Language
South Georgia and the

South Sandwich Islands
King Edward Point

Kingdom
Pound
sterling
English
w
w
w
an
.B
xa
kE
Financial Terms A-Z
od
sT
AGM - Annual General Meeting, it is the year meeting held by every registered company. Agenda is
to explain the performance during the year, presentation of annual financial statements, voting on
important financial decisions. Any shareholder can participate in AGM.
om
.c
ay
Asset turnover ratio - This ratio can be explained as Net assets / Total turnover or sales. This ratio
measures the operational efficiency of business assets. In simple terms this measures how many time
total assets turned in a year and how efficiently the assets are used in a business.
Acid test ratio - This is one of the important ratio to measure business liquidity. Business liquidity is
defined as ability of a business to pay it;s short term debts. Acid test ratio = Highly liquid assets /
current liabilities
American Depository Receipts - This is the way non-US companies raises money from US
investors. These shares can be traded in US stock exchanges and denominated in US $.
Amortization - It is an accounting technique by which intangible assets are written off over a period
of time. For example provision for doubtful debts or preliminary expenses are written off over a
certain period of time.
Annuity - It is an investment scheme under which investor makes recurring investments and lump
sum payment is made to him at the end. Common example is Recurring deposit account at a post
office where people makes small monthly deposits and gets their money back at the end of period.
Benefit of Annuity is investor gets compound interest over a period of time.
Asset Management Company - AMC is a company that pools and invests investor money in predetermined goals. Pool of funds is known as Mutual fund.
Audit - Financial statement and physical stock is checked annually by professional auditor
(Chartered Accountant affiliated by ICAI in India)
B
Book-keeping - Recording of financial transactions in books of account.
Bear market - A market situation in which most of the investors thinks that markets will fall.
Balance of Payment - BOP is the difference between a country's exports and imports.
Capital - Wealth invested by an entrepreneur on his business. Capital = Assets - Liabilities
kE
an
.B
Capital gain - Gain by selling a capital asset in which a person is not doing business. Income by
selling a house by a bank employee is a capital gain whereas when a builder do the same thing it is
Income from business and professional.
xa
Current asset - An asset that can be converted into cash with 12 months. For example - debtors,
stock etc.
sT
Credit rating - A ranking applied to an individual, business or a nation based upon its credit history
and current financial position. There are various credit rating companies in India such as Crisil.
om
.c
ay
od
CPI - Consumer price index is measure to find price of a bundle of commodities. CPI is used to
measure the inflation in a country.
Debt consolidation - Debt consolidation is a process by which various loans and converted into a
single loan to reduce interest rate and instalment value.
Depreciation - Depreciation is reduction in value of an asset due wear and tear over a period of time.
For example a company purchased a machine in 2005 and planned to charge 20% depreciation. In
2010 the machine will be written off from the books of account.
Dividend - Dividend is the amount per share paid by a company to its shareholders. Dividend value
is based upon company's profitability.
Dividend payout ratio - It is the ratio of dividend paid per share and EPS ( Earning per share )
Double entry bookkeeping - It is a method of bookkeeping in which every transaction is recorded
two accounts. Once in debit side and once in credit side.
E
Earning per share - Earnings made by a company in a financial year divided by number of issued
shares.
Equity - Value of a business. Equity = Total assets - Total liabilities
Ex-divided - Ex-dividend means without dividend. When a seller makes a ex-dividend sales contract
then he is entitled to get dividend or interest payment.
EBIT - Earning before interest and taxes
EBT - Earning before tax
EAT - Earning after tax
w
w
Face value - The amount mentioned on face of a bond certificate.
an
.B
Fixed assets - Assets which can be seen such as machinery
kE
Financial year - A period of 12 months from 1st April to 31st march
xa
Fundamental analysis - Analysis of a company based upon financial and operational performance.
Fiscal policy - Income and expenses management by Government.
sT
Flat rate - Rate of interest in a contract which remains same irrespective of market rate in future.
od
Floating rate - Rate of interest which changes with change in market rate.
ay
om
.c
Fund manager - A person who manages a mutual fund and tries to maximize fund's returns while
sticking to fund's objectives.
Gearing - It is the ratio of debt to equity

Goodwill - Intangible assets that defines firm's reputation in monetary terms.
Gross profit = Net sales - Net purchases - Direct expenses
GDP - Gross domestic product is the aggregate value of goods and services produced by every
person of a nation.
GST - Goods and services tax is the same tax system for everything. It is proposed that GST will
replace the multi tax system in India by 2015.
H
Hedging - Hedging is a technique used by investors to protect themselves from adverse price
movements. Derivatives are used for hedging in which hedgers takes the risk of price fluctuations.
Hedge funds - Mutual funds which invests in derivatives
I
Index - It is statistical measure used to find price variations in market. In stock markets most
dominating stocks are grouped to make an index. For example - Sensex.
Income statement
A statement that represents both income and expenditure of a business during a specific period of
time.
IPO - Initial public offer is issue of stocks for the first time in the market.
an
.B
Intangible assets Assets which cant be seen but have value for business. For example
Goodwill.
kE
Indemnity A legal contract under which one party promises to pay another for any loses incurred
to them by their acts.
xa
Interest rate risk Risk that value of financial assets will deteriorate because of fall in interest rate.
For example value of bonds decreases with decrease in interest rate.
sT
Irredeemable stocks Stocks which cant be exchanged for cash in future.
om
.c
ay
od
Indirect Costs - Indirect cost is a cost incurred on product that is not directly related to its
production.
Junk fund A fund which invests investors money in junk investments means high risk
investments which high returns.
K
KYC Know Your Customer policy is mandatory in India and every investor irrespective of his
investment volume needs to furnish his identity and residence details.
L
Libor London
Liquidity Ability of a business to pay off its short term debts with current assets. Currently NISL is
facing liquidity crunch.
Liquid assets Assets which can be readily converted into cash
Liquid ratio Liquid assets/Current liabilities
Limited liability Liability of an individual or a business up to the value of investment made in a
business
M
Monopoly - A situation in market where there are many buyers but a single seller exist.
Money market - Market dealing in short term lending and borrowing of funds. Also know as Cash
market.
Monetary policy - Set of actions by Central bank of a country ( RBI in case of India) to control the
supply of money. These actions included increase in interest rate, open market purchases, changing
commercial bank's reserve funds ratio (SLR) etc.
Marginal cost - Additional cost to produce an extra unit of product.
an
.B
Margin - Amount of profit added to cost price of each unit of a product
sT
xa
kE
Margin call - Margin call term is used in two situations. First - Whenever a lender gives a secured
loan and loan value is a fixed percentage of loan then whenever the value of security decrease below
the decided ratio then lender given a margin call to borrower to bring loan to security ratio to decided
level. Secondly in stock exchanges traders trades in various securities by paying 20-30% of the value
of securities. Whenever the value of security goes below that margin, broker gives margin call to
trader to bring the margin to desired level.
om
.c
ay
od
Mark-to-market - As explained above while defining margin call, value of assets in case of
securities is measured on daily basis. If the trader's asset value increased, increased value is
transferred to his account. In case the value of assets decreased margin call is made to adjust the
margin.
NPV - Net Present Value is aggregate of future cash flows from a project minus total costs. NPV is a
capital budgeting technique used to check feasibility of projects.
Net profit - Net profit is Gross profit minus indirect cost. See indirect costs
Net worth - Net assets - Total liabilities
Nationalization - When Government takes control of a business, this is known as nationalization.
NAV - Net Assets Value is mutual fund's per unit exchange traded price
O
Opportunity cost - Additional cost in production of an addition unit of product.
Options - Option is right to buy at pre-determined price at a future date. Option is used for hedging.
Options safeguards option-holder from future price fluctuations.
Overdraft - Facility given by a bank which allows its customers to withdraw more money than
account balance. Overdraft generally have high rate of interest as borrower can demand and return
the loan anytime.
P
Preference shares - A type of shares having no voting rights and have higher rate of dividend.
Ponzi schemes - It is a kind of fraud scheme which use Network marketing as a tool. Investors are
paid out of new investments. These schemes end when new investments stop coming and large
number of investors wants to withdraw their money. Latest Ponzi scheme in India was "Speak Asia".
kE
an
.B
PLR - Prime lending rate is the minimum rate of interest that is to be charged by a bank. Each bank
decides its own PLR.
Redemption - Maturity date of a security or a bond
Recession - An economic situation of negative growth
od
sT
xa
ROI - Rate on investment is return divided by value of investment
Repo rate - Rate at which Central bank (RBI in case of India) lends money to commercial banks
ay
om
.c
Reverse repo rate - Rate at which commercial banks lends to central bank
Right issue - Issue of shares in which existing shareholders gets right to buy shares in proportion of
their existing holding
Risk free return - Rate of return, normally it is 90 days bills issued by a national government
S
Stagnation - An economic situation of slow economic growth, high rate unemployment and
inflation.
Shorting - Selling securities which an investors don't have in expectation of price drop
U
Underwriters - In case of an IPO, new companies makes contracts with underwriter where
underwriters promises to purchase unsubscribe shares.
W
Working capital - Money required by a business to run its day to day business. Working capital =
Current assets / Current liabilities
Warrants - A document which gives right to holder to get shares at stated price
Y
Yield - Yield is the return on investment which may in form dividend or interest
w
w
w
om
.c
ay
od
sT
xa
kE
an
.B

July 2014

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

July 2014

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.Bankexamstoday.

com by Ramandeep Singh

Ramandeep Singh (B.com., MBA)

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

Reverse repo rate

Term deposit rate

Union Budget 2014

Highlights of Budget 2014

Tax exemption in 80(C) raised to Rs 1,50,000

Tax exemption limit increased from 2 lacs to 2.5 lacs

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

Where the total income does not exceed Rs.

Where the total income exceeds Rs. 2,00,000/- but

10% of amount by which the total income exceeds

Rs. 30,000/- + 20% of the amount by which the total

iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/- but

Rs. 130,000/- + 30% of the amount by which the total

Education Cess : 3% of the Income Tax.

Income Tax :Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Where the total income does not exceed Rs.

10% of the amount by which the total income

Rs. 25,000/- + 20% of the amount by which the

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

iv. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-

Rs. 125,000/- + 30% of the amount by which the

Income Tax :Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Where the total income does not exceed Rs.

20% of the amount by which the total income

Rs. 100,000/- + 30% of the amount by which the

iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-

Income Tax :Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Where the total income does not exceed Rs.

10% of the income.

Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,000/- but

Rs. 1,000/- + 20% of income in excess of Rs.

iii. Where the total income exceeds Rs. 20,000/-

Rs. 3.000/- + 30% of the amount by which the

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

Income Tax : 30% of total income.Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Education Cess : 3% of the Income Tax.

Education Cess : 3% of the Income Tax.

Income Tax : 30% of total income.Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Income Tax : 30% of total income.Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

Company other than a Domestic Company

Education Cess : 3% of the total of Income Tax and Surcharge.

Income Tax :Calculate Tax Liability for AY 2013-14

@ 40% of the balance

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

In case of a domestic firm having taxable income of Rs. 1,00,01,000/-

3. Income Tax on income of Rs. 1 crore

2. Surcharge @5% of Income Tax

Rs. 700/- (1000 - 300)

5. Income Tax + Surcharge payable

6. Marginal Relief in Surcharge

4. Maximum Surcharge payable

Rs. 1,49,315/- (1,50,030 700)

Four new IIT's and Five new IIM's

New Schemes Introduced in Budget 2014

Four new AIIMS

www.BankExamsToday.com by Ramandeep Singh

Community radio centres

Beti padhao Bti badhao Yojna

Statue of Unity of Sardar Vallabh Patel

National rural Internet and technology mission