DICIONAR E.C.R.

ABC
AECOC
AIAG
ALLEGRO
ANA
ANSI
ASC X 12
AS/RS
ASN
BMR
CAO
CEC
CEFIC
CEIG
CEN
CIDX
CIS
CRP
CSC
DC
DEX
DMR
DPC
DPP
DRP
DSD
EA
EAN
EANCOM

- Activity Based Costing

- Asociacin Espanla de Codification Comercial
- Automotive Industry Action Group
- Automatisation des Liaison avec les Langages
EDIFACT et GENCOD par R seau dOrdinateurs
- Article Number Asocation
- American National Standards Institute
- Accredited Standards Committee X12
- Automated Storage/Retrieval System
- Advance Shipping Notice
- Broker Managed Replenishment
- Computer Assisted Aided Ordering
- Commission of the European Communities
- EDI in the Chemical Industry
- Core European Implementation Guidelines
- European Committee for Standardization
- Chemical Industry Data Exchange
- Customer Information System
- Continuous Replenishment Programs
- Communication Systems Committee
- Distribution Center
- Direct Exchange
- Distributor Managed Replenishment
- Direct Product Cost
- Direct Product Profit
- Distribution Resource Planning
- Direct Store Delivery
- Efficient Administration
- European Article Numbering Association
- EDI Implementation Standard for EDIFACT

DICIONAR E.C.R.
EAS
EBES
ECR
EDE
EDI
EDIBUILD
EDIFAC
EDIFACT
EDIFICE
EDIPAP
EDIRA
EDITEUR
EDITEX
EDLC
EDLP
EDP
EECR
EFT
EIR
EMEDI
ENA
EOS
EP
EPD
EPOS
ER
ERS
ESA
EWOS
FTE
GEIS
GENCOD
GM

- Electronic Article Surveilliance

- European Board for EDI Standards
- Efficient Consumer Response
- Event driven EDI
- Electronic Data Interchange
- EDI in Construction Industry
- EDI Furniture Action Council
- EDI for Finance, Administration, Commerce and
Transport
- EDI in Electronics Industry
- EDI in Paper Industry
- EDI Registration Authority
- EDI for Book Industry in Europe
- EDI for Textile Industry in Europe
- Every Day Law Cost
- Every Day Low Pricing
- Electronic Data Processing
- European Efficient Consumer Response
- Electronic Funds Transfer
- European Information Response
- EDI in Health Care Industry
- Efficient New Product Activity
- Efficient Operating Standards
- Efficient Promotion
- Efficient Product Launch and Development
- Electronic Point of Sale
- Efficient Replenishment
- Evaluated Receipt Settlement
- Efficient Store Assortment
- European Workshop on Open Systems
- Full-Time Equivalent
- General Electric Information Services
- Groupement detudes de normalisatin et de
codification
- General Merchandise

DICIONAR E.C.R.
HANCOM
IAS
ICAC
IDASC
IEC
IFTM
ILN
IOS
IS
ISDN
ISO
IT
ITU
KPI
LAN
LTL
MDG
MIS
MRP
NIST
NO
ODETTE
OR
PAEB
PCFACTS
P&L
PLU
PO
POCS
POM
POS
QR
RDC

- The Danish equivalent to the EANCOM standard

- International Accounting Standard
- Industrial Commercial Advisory Committee
- International Data & Application Standards
Committee
- International Electro-Technical Commission
- International Forwarding and Transporting
Message Framework
- International Location Number
- Inter-organizational system
- Information System
- Integrated Services Digital Network
- International Standards Organization
- Information Technology
- International Telecommunication Union
- Key Performance Indicators
- Local Area Network
- Less Than a Truckload
- Message Development Group
- Management Information System
- Manufacturing Resource Planning
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Numbering Organization
- EDI in Automotive Industry
- Operations Research
- Pan American EDIFACT Board
- PC Forwarding and Cargo Tracking System
- Profit and Loss
- Price Look-Up
- Purchase Order
- Purchase Order Control System
- Purchase Order Management
- Point of Sale
- Quick Response
- Retailers Distribution Center

DICIONAR E.C.R.
ROE
ROI
RTP
SCM
SCMLC
SDG
SDI
SET
SIL
SKU
SMC
SBO
SRO
STAC
TAG
TDCC
TDI
TDID
TEDIS
TL
TQC
TQM
UPC
UCC
UCS
UN/ECE
USS
VADNS
VADS
VAN
VCA
VICS

- Return on Equity
- Return on Investment
- Returnable Transit Packaging
- Suplly Chain Management
- Shipping Container Marking and Labeling
Committee
- Syntax Development Group
- Supplier Distributor Interface
- Standards EDI Transportation
- Standard Interchange Language
- Stock-Keeping Unit
- Standard Maintenance Committee
- Sales Based Ordering
- Supervised Re-Order
- Symbol Technical Advisory Committee
- Technical Assessment Group for the EDIFACT
Standard
- Transportation Data Coordinating Committee
- Trade Data Interchange
- Trade Data Interchange Directories
- Trade Electronic Data Interchange System
- Truckload
- Total Quality Commitment
- Total Quality Management
- Universal Product Code
- Uniform Code Council
- Uniform Communication Standard
- United Nations/Economic Commission for Europe
- Uniform Symbology Specification
- Value Added Network Service
- Vlue Added Data Service
- Value Added Network
- Value Chain Analysis
- Voluntary Inter-Industry Communications
Standards

DICIONAR E.C.R.
VICS EDI
VMI
VMR
VMQR
WEEB
WETAG
WINS

- Voluntary Inter-Industry Communication Standard

for EDI
- Vendor Managed Inventory
- Vendor Managed Replenishment
- Vendor Managed Quick/Continuous
Replenishment
- Western European EDIFACT Board
- Western European Technical Assessment Group
- Warehouse Information Network Standard

DICIONAR E.C.R.

Accounts Payable
Conturi de plat (ale
creditorlor)

Management of Cash flow and

timing of payment to suppliers for
products and services received,
including
investigation
and
reconciliation of discrepancies
between invoices and original
purchase orders.

Managementul fluxului de numerar i

coordonarea plii pentru produsele i
serviciile primite, inclusiv ivestigarea
i reconcilierea discrepanelor dintre
facturi i ordinele de achiziie
originale.

Accounts Receivable
Conturi de ncasat ale
debitorilor

The management of cash receipts

and payment outstanding for goods
and services invoiced.

Managementul chitanelor de numerar

i, plata efectuat pentru bunurile i
serviciile facturate.

Accredited Standards
Committee X12 (ASC
X12)
Comitetul de standarde
acreditate

Set by the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) (p.v.) n
1979, this committee is responsable
for defining general EDI standards
within USA; the committee consists
of members from government and
industry who draft standards for
submission to ANSI for subsequent
approval and distribution.
An accounting method that enables
a business to understand more
clearly how and where it makes a
profit. In ABC, all major activities
within a cost center are identified
and the cost of performing each are
calculated-including costs that cross
functional boundaries.

Format de ctre Institutul Naional

American de Standarde (ANSI) (p.v.) n
1979, acest comitet este responsabil cu
definirea standardelor generale EDI n
SUA; comitetul se comune din membri
ai guvernului i industriei care
transmite standarde spre aprobare i
distribuire ctre ANSI.

Activity Based Costing

(ABC)
(Analiza
bazat
pe
costuri (ADC)

O metod contabil care permite unei

afaceri s neleag mai clar cum i
unde este profitabil. n ABC toate
activitile majore din interiorul
costului central sunt identificate iar
costurile de performan sunt calculate
fiecare incluznd costurile funcionale
limitate.

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Actual net benefit
Beneficiul net actual

One of the five dimension of

strategic effectiveness.The value of
strategic benefit minus the cost of
investing in physical and/or human
resources to operate the alliance.

Una din cele cinci dimensiuni ale

efectivit\]ii
strategiei.
Valoarea
beneficiului strategiei minus costul de
investi]ie exprimate `n resurse fizice
(materiale) [i/sau umane pentru a
realiza aceast legatur.

Added Value
Valoare adugat

The additional value attribued to

products, as the result of a
particular phisical process (e.g.
production
process,
storage,
transport).

Valoarea
adugat
atribuit
produselor ca rezultat al unui proces
fizic particular (adic procesul de
producie, depozitare, transport).

Advance
Shipping
Notice
(Despath
Advice) (ASN)
Not de transport n
avans

Standard (electronic) message from

supplier to retailer providing
information on a shipment that is to
be despathed.

Mesaje standard (electronic) de la

furnizor
la
detailist
conferind
informaii asupra unui transport ce
urmeaz a fi expediat.

Adversarial
relationship
Rela]ii
comerciale
adverse

The traditional means for achieving

supply chain coordination and
control based on organizational
self-interest
and
short-term
focus/commitment.

Mijloace tradi]ionale pentru a realiza

coordonarea lan]ului de aprovizionare
[i controlul bazat pe interese
organiza]ionale proprii focalizate [i cu
leg\turi pe termen scurt.

Advocacy
Susinerea

A key alliance manager in one firm

becomes an agent of change with
senior management in the partners
firm.

Un manager cheie al unei firme devine

agent de schimb cu managementul de
v rf din firmele partenere

Alliance
Alian]\

A process wherein participants

willingly modify their basic
business practices to reduce
duplication and waste while
facilitating improved performance.
Also commonly referred to as
partnership,value-adding partnership,
relational exchange and just-in-time
exchange

Un proces `n care participan]ii doresc

s\-[i modifice practicile de baz\ `n
afaceri pentru a reduce duplic\rile [i
pierderile `n urma `mbun\t\]irii
performan]elor. De asemenea se refer\
[i la partenariate, parteneriat n
valoarea ad\ugat\, schimburi reciproce
de rela]ii just-in-time.

Alliance Confirmation
Confirmarea alianei

The horizontal level of the general

alliance model. Begins when a firm
selects an alliance partner. Strategic
and operational expectations for the
arrangement are jointly determined
and the relationship is solidified

Al treilea nivel orizontal al m.a.g.

~ncepe c nd o firm\ selecteaz\ un
partener pentru alian]\. A[tept\rile
strategice [i opera]ionale pentru
aranjament sunt determinate `n comun
iar rela]ia este solidificat\.

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Alliance
Conceptualization
Conceptualizarea
alianei

The first horizontal level of the

general alliance model. Begins
when a firm determines a
collaborative arrangement
has
appeal and provides a potential
alternative to traditional adversarial
relationships

Primul nivel orizontal al modelului de

alian]\ general. ~ncepe c nd o firm\
realizeaz\ un aranjament de colaborare
care genereaz\ [i ob]ine o alternativ\
poten]ial\
a
rela]iilor
adverse
tradi]ionale.

Alliance
implementation
continuity
Implementarea
alianei/continuitii

The fourth and final horizontal

level of the general alliance model.
Creates a feedback mechanism to
continually administer and assess
performance to determine whether
the alliance will be sustained,
modified or terminated

Al patrulea [i ultimul nivel orizontal al

m.a.g. Creaz\ un mecanism de
feedback pentru a administra `n mod
continuu [i a aprecia performan]ele
care determin\ unde va fi alian]a
sus]inut\, modificat\ ori `ncheiat\.

Alliance management
Managementul alianei

One of the five dimensions of

strategic effectiveness. Composed
of three elements that negatively
impact
alliance
effectiveness:
power
imbalance,
managerial
imbalance and conflict.

Una din cele cinci dimensiuni ale

eficien]ei strategice Compus din trei
elemente care au un impact negativ
asupra efectului alian]ei, dezechilibrul
puterii, dezechilibrul managerial [i
conflictul.

Alliance pursuance
Indeplinirea alianei

The second horizontal level of the

general alliance model. Begins
when a firm finalizes the decision
to form an alliance and establishes
the strategic and operational
considerations that will be used to
select an alliance partner.

Al doilea nivel orizontal al m.a.g.

~ncepe c nd ia o decizie pentru a forma
o alian]\ [i a stabili strategiile
opera]ionale ce vor fi folosite pentru a
selecta un partener de alian]\.

American
National
Standards
Institute
(ANSI)
Institutul
naional
american de standarde

A non-governmental organization
that manager the formation of
voluntary national standards.

O instituie non-guvernatal care se

ocup cu formarea standardelor
naionale.

Application Identifier
Identificator de aplicaie

A numeric prefix to a UCC/EAN128 (q.v.) code that defines the

encoded data to follow. These are
generally used as secondary codes
to provide information not included
in standard UPC numbring, (q.v.)
such as product dates, weights and
lot/batch numbers. It may also
idntify a UCC serial shipping
container code.

Un prefix numeric al codului

UCC/EAN-128 care definete datele
codificate de urmrit. Acestea sunt
folosite, n general ca nite coduri
secundare pentru a oferi informaii
neincluse n standardele UPC, cum ar
fi date despre producie, greuti i
numere de lot/ncrctur. Acesta
poate identifica, de asemenea, un cod
serial al containerului de transport
UCC.

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Article
Number
Association (ANA)
Asociaia
numerotrii
articolelor (ANA)

The Article Number Association

organizes and oversees the use of
unique article number and bar
codes to products within the UK.

Asociaia
numerotrii
articolelor
organizeaz i supravegheaz folosirea
numerelor unice de articole i coduri
cu bare pentru produsele UK (Marea
Britanie).

Assessment stage
Stadiul de evaluare

The final stage in the process

component of an alliance. The
partners formally assess the
relationship and review original
goals
to
evaluate
strategic
effectiveness and adherence to
operating standards to determine
whether the alliance will be
sustained, modified or terminated.

Ultimul stadiu al componentelor

procesului ce apar]ine unei alian]e.
Partenerii evalueaz\ formal rela]iile [i
re]in punctele acumulate pentru a
determina efectivitatea strategic\ [i
adeziunea standardelor operative astfel
`nc t s\ determine unde va fi alian]a
sus]inut\, modificat\ [i `ncheiat\.

Automated
Accounts
Payble Systems
Sistem automat de plat

Automatic matching process for

incoices, orders and delivery notes
to ensure correct payment for goods
received.
A rack storage system with
mechanical
equipment
automatically
loading
and
unloading the racks.

Procesul de verificare automat pentru

facturi, ordine i note de livrare pentru
a asigura plata corect a bunurilor
primite.
Un sistem strict de stocare cu un
echipament mecanic care ncarc i
descarc automat loturile de marf.

Background
Fundal

The ligter portion of a bar code

symbol, including the quiet zone
and spaces between the bars.

Partea mai luminat a simbolului din

codul de bare, inclusiv toat zona i
spaiile dintre bare.

Back-to back long-term

deals
Tratative pe termen lung

Placing a product on nearcontinuous price discount in

exchange for distributor-agreed
performance; sometimes called
contract pricing.

Plasarea unui produs la un pre

continuu mai redus n schimbul
performanelor czute, de acord cu
distribuitorul;
cteodat
numit
contract de preuri.

Bar
Bar

A darker portion or lines in a bar

code.

O poriune nchis sau linii dintr-un

cod bare.

Automated
Storage/Retrieval
System (AS/RS)
Depozitare
automatizat/sistem
recuperare

de

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Bar code
Cod cu bare

EAN/UCS (q.v.) system of parallel

lines (bars) of varying width
allowing a series of digits to be
scanned by an optical reader.

Sistem de bare paralele cu lime

variabil EAN/UCS (q.v.) permind
scanarea optic.

Bar Code character

Caracterele codului cu
bare

A combination of bars and spaces

that represent a letter, number or
other information communicate
data about the product or shipping
container to which it is affixed. A
bar code character is one part of a
full bar code that can be by an
electronic scanner.

O combinaie de bare i spaii care

reprezint litere, numere sau alte
informaii care ne comunic date
referitoare la produs sau cutia
transportat la care se face referire.
Caracterele codului cu bare este o
parte din ntregul cod care poate fi citit
prin scanare electronic.

Bar code density

Densitatea codului de
bare

The number of characters that can

be represented in a linear inch of a
bar code.

Numrul de caractere care pot fi

reprezentate ntr-un inch (ol) linear al
unui cod cu bare.

Bar height
nlimea barei

The dimension of a bar (line) of a

bar code, measured from its top to
its bottom.

Dimensiunea liniei din codul cu bare,

msurat de sus pn n jos.

Bar width
Limea barei

The thickness of a bar (line) of a

bar code, measured from one of its
edges to the other.

Grosimea liniei din codul cu bare

msurat de la o margine la cealalt.

Benchmarking
Benchmarking

A comparative process by which a

firm identifies and examines key
practices and/or processes used by
other organization to modify and
improve its own performance.
Comparisons are made across
multiple organizations, industries
and channel levels.

Un proces comparativ prin care firma

identific\ [i analizeaz\ practicile [i
procesele folosite de alte organiza]ii
pentru a modifica [i `mbun\t\]i
propriile
sale
performan]e.
Compara]iile se fac `ntre organiza]ii,
multiple industrii [i nivele ale canalelor
de distribu]ie

BMR

Broker managed replenishment.

Broker, manager cu aprovizionarea

10

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Case study
Studiu de caz

Category
Categoria

Category Management
Managementul
categoriei

An investigation of present events

that relies upon multiple sources of
information. The investigation is
completed through (or us based
upon) observation and experience
within its real-life context
{( adapted from Yin, Robert K.
(1989), Case Study Research:
Design and Methods, 2nd edition
(Newbury
Park,
CA:Sage
Publications)}. Each dissertation
reported in
this research used a case study
format that incorporated a unique
chanell focus of best aliance
practice.
A distinct, manageable group of
products/services that consumers
perceive to be interrelated and/or
which can serve as substitutes to
meet a particular consumer need.
Both a retailer or distributor and at
manufactures level, management of
a family of related products in an
integrated manner from production
to final sale.

O investiga]ie a evenimentelor actuale

care se bazeaz\ pe multiple surse de
informa]ii. Investiga]ia se completeaz\
cu observare [i experien]\ de via]\.
Fiecare lucrare raportat\ la aceste
cercet\ri a folosit un format al studiului
de caz are `ncorporat un singur canal
concentrat pe practicile celei mai bune
alian]e.

O grup distinct de produse i servicii

pe care consumatorii o percep a fi
internaional i/sau care poate servi
ca nlocuitori care s ntmpine
nevoile particulare ale consumatorilor.
Att la nivelul detailistului sau al
distribuitorului,
ct
i
al
productorului, managementul unei
familii de produse corelate ntr-o
manier integratoare de la producie la
vnzarea final.

11

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Central Warehouse
Depozite centrale

A warehouse which performs

central
functions
within
a
distribution system, for example
keeping stocks of products for the
other warehouses.

Un depozit care realizeaz funcii

centrale ntr-un sistem de distribuie,
de exemplu pstrarea stocurilor de
produse pentru alte depozite.

Character-based trust
ncrederea bazat pe
caracter

The qualitative assessment of

qualities or characteristics inherent
in each partnerphilosophy or
organizational culture. Derived
from five sources: 1) integrity; 2)
identification of motives; 3)
consistency of behavior; 4)
openness and;
5) discreetness {Gabarro, John J.
(1978), The Development of
Trust, Influence and Expectations,
in
Interpersonal
behavior:
Communication and Understanding
in Relationships, Anthony G. Athos
and John J. Gabarro, eds.,
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ:PrenticeHall, Inc.)}

Evaluarea calitativ\ a calit\]ilor [i

caracteristicilor inerente `n fiecare
filozofie a partenerilor sau cultur\
organiza]ional\. Acestea deriv\ din
cinci surse: 1) integritatea;
2) identificarea motiva]iei;
3) consisten]a comportamentului;
4) deschiderea; 5) discre]ia.

Code 128 (UCC/EAN128)

Codul 128 (UCC/EAN128)

A variable length, bi-directional,

continuous,self-checking
alphanumeric bar code with a dataset of 105 characters in each of the
three individual subsets; each
character consists of three bars and
three spaces representing 11
modulers in wdith.

Un cod cu bare alfanumeric cu sistem

de
autoverificare,
continuu,
bidirecional, de lungime variabil cu
un set de date de 105 caractere n cele
trei subseturi; fiecare caracter const
n trei bare i trei spaii reprezentnd
11 module lime.

Co-marketing alliance
Alian co-marketing

An aliance between parties at the

same channel level that occurs
horizontally across two channels.
The relationship is often composed
of competing firms (e.g., two
manufacturers developing a new
technology).

O alian]\ dintre p\r]i la acela[i nivel al

canalelor ce apar orizontal de-a lungul
a dou\ canale. Rela]iile sunt adesea
concuren]iale `ntre firme (ex. dou\
fabrici ce dezvolt\ o nou\ tehnologie).

Comit European de
Normalisation
Comitetul European de
Standardizare

European
Committee
Standardization.

Comitetul European de Standardizare

for

12

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Competence-based
trust
ncredere bazat
competen

pe

Composite
Data
Elements
Elemente reprezentnd
date compuse
Composite Delivery
Livrri compuse

The quantitative assessment of

actual behavior and operating
performance. Derived from four
sources: 1) specific competence; 2)
interpersonal
competence;
3)
competence in business sense and;
4) general business judgement
{Gabarro, John, J. (1978) The
Development of Trust, Influence
and Expectations in Interpersonal
Behavior Communication and
Understanding in Relationships,
Antony G. Athos and John
J.Gabarro, eds., (Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc)}

Evaluarea
cantitativ\
a
comportamentului
actual
[i
performan]elor opera]ionale. Aceasta
deriv\ din patru surse: 1) competen]\
specific\;
2)
competen]\
interpersonal\; 3) competen]\ `n sim]ul
afacerilor; 4) judecat general\ a
afacerilor

Simple data elements grouped

together to provide logically related
information.

Elemente-date grupate n scopul

obinerii informaiilor corelate.

A combined load for delivery to a

Distribution Center or store that is
made up of multi-temperature
product
types
eg:
frozen/fresh/ambient.

Computer
Assistent
Aided Ordering (CAO)
Sistem de comenzi asistat
de computer

A retail-system that automatically

generates store replemishment
orders when the shelf inventory
drops below a predetermined level.
A computer system traks inventory
of all items in the store, adjusting
for receipts and sales

O ncrctur combinat pentru

livrarea ctre un Centru de Distribuie
sau magazin compus din tipuri de
produse cu mai multe temperaturi,
exemplu:ngheate/proaspete/
ambientale
Un sistem al detailistului care
genereaz automat comenzile pentru
reaprovizionare cnd inventarul ajunge
sub un anumit nivel predeterminat. O
iventariere computerizat a tuturor
articolelor din magazin ce ajusteaz
vnzrile i recepiile.

Concatenaded
Codes
Coduri cu bare

Two or more bar codes linked into

one long bar code

Dou sau mai mlte coduri cu bare

formnd un cod cu bare mai lung.

Bar

13

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Conflict
Conflictul

An element of alliance management

that occurs when one channel
member is engaged in behavior
designed to injure, thwart, or gain
scarce resources at the expense of
the other, {Goldman, Ralph
(1966), A Theory of Conflict
Processes
and
organization
Offices, Journal of Conflict
Resolution, 10:3 (September).

Un element al managementului alian]ei

care apre c nd un membru al canalului
este angajat s\ aib\ comportamentul
astfel `nc t s\ deterioreze, s\
contracareze sau s\ c [tige resurse pe
cheltuiala celorlal]i.

Connectivity
Conexiunea

One of the three domensions of

operating standards. Composed of
two elements which positively
impact adherence to standards:
responsiveness and technology
adoption.

Una din cele trei dimensiuni ale

standardelor operative. Este compus\
din dou\ elemente care au impactul
pozitiv al adeziunii la standarde: reac]ia
de r\spuns [i adoptarea tehnologiei.

Consolidator
ntritor

A haulier, typically third pary, who

combines the picking and/or
delivery of goods from one or more
manufacturers to a distribution
centre or store.

Un transportator, n general o ter

parte, care combin ridicarea i/sau
livrarea bunurilor de la unul sau mai
muli manufacturieri ctre un centru de
distribuie sau un magazin.

Continuous
Replenishment
Programs (CRP)
Programe
de
reaprovizionare continu

Practice ensuring on-going supply

of goods between a supplier and a
trade partener, based on automated
exchange of current inventory, and
stock
movement
information,
within the framework of a
commonly agreed supply policy. n
this system the supplier is
responsible
for
the
stock
management
at
the
retailer
distribution center.

Asigurarea
bunului
mers
al
aprovizionrii ntre un furnizor i
partenerul su, bazat pe un schimb
automatizat al cererii curente i
informaia de micare a stocului n
cadrul unei reele constituite pe baza
unei politici de aprovizionare de
comun acord. n acest sistem furnizorul
este responsabil pentru managementul
stocului centrului de distribuie al
detailistului.

Continuous
performance
measurement
Msurarea continu a
performanei

An element of formalization.
Focuses on the need to develop
operational
performance
measurements and then continually
assess
and
improve
those
operational activities.

Un element de formalizare. Concentrat

asupra nevoii de dezvoltare a m\sur\rii
performan]elor opera]ionale [i apoi `n
mod continuu s\ evalueze sau s\
`mbun\t\]easc\ activit\]ile
opera]ionale.

14

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Core competency
Competen esenial

A firms specialized skill or talent

that
differentiates
it
from
competitors (e.g. design skill,
research
and
development,
information systems development,
etc).

Calificarea specific\ firmei sau care o

diferen]ieaz\ de concuren]\ (talentul `n
design, cercetare [i dezvoltare, `n
dezvoltarea sistemelor de informa]ii).

Cross Docking
Transferul
nencruciat
mrfurilor

A distribution system in wich

merchandise
received
at
a
warehouse or distribution center is
not put away into stock but
immediately prepared for shipment
to
retail
stores.
Close
synchronization of all inbound and
outbound shipments is crucial. In
pallet-level cross doking, entire
pallets are received from the vendor
and moved directly to the outbound
trucks without further handling.

Un sistem de distribuie n care marfa

primit la un depozit sau centru de
distribuie nu este strns n stoc; ci
este
pregtit
imediat
pentru
transportarea ctre magazinele de
vnzare cu amnuntul. O bun
sincronizare a tuturor transporturilor
interne i externe este crucial. La
nivelul transportului maritim pe
platforme mobile toate paletele sunt
primite de la vnztor i mutate direct
n camioanele externe fr vreo alt
mnuire.

Cross-funtional team
Echipa trans-funional

A business team composed of

individuals representing a variety of
disciplines (e.g. sales, information
systemsm logistics); often the type
of team composed for CRP start-up.

Echipa de afaceri compuns din

indivizi ce reprezint o varietate de
discipline (ex. vnzri, sisteme
informatice, logistic); adesea modelul
echipei e compus pentru pornirea CRP.

Customer Pik-Up
Clientul ridic marfa

The customer arranges for the

pikup of shipment, either by his
own private fleet or by contracting
with a carrier.

Clientul aranjeaz pentru ridicarea

transportului ori prin mijloace proprii
ori, contactnd o firm de transport.

Cycle Count
Inventariere ciclic

A physical inventory verification

procedure performed at regular
intervals along the specific aisles or
section in a store. The duration of
the cycle may vary, but the
activity in all individual section is
generally completed prior to the
next cycle.

O procedur fizic de inventariere

realizat la intervale regulate de-a
lungul seciunilor specifice ale
magazinului. Durata ciclului poate
varia, dar activitatea n toate seciile
inidividuale este, n general terminat
nainte de urmtorul ciclu.

Cycle Stok
Ciclul stocurilor

A main component of any intem

inventory whitch depletes gradually
and is replenished cyclicaly when
orders are received or production
batches are made.

O component principal a oricrui

articol de inventar care este epuizat
treptat i care este reaprovizionat
ciclic cnd sunt primite ordinele sau
cnd
sunt
fcute
ncrcturile
produciei.

rapid
al

15

DICIONAR E.C.R.
DC
Centru de distribuie

Distribution center

Centrul de distribuie.

Deals
Dileri

Terms offered by suppliers to

distributors for the sale and
promotion of a product.

Denumire
dat
de
furnizori
distribuitorilor care fac promovarea i
vnzarea produsului.

Defined Procedures
Proceduri definite

An element of formalization.
Establishes ground rules for
alliance practice to identify each
partners roles and responsibilities.

Un element al formaliz\rii. Stabile[te

reguli primare pentru practica alian]ei
astfel `nc t s\ identifice rolul [i
responsabilit\]ile fiec\rui partener.

Delivery Confirmation
Confirmarea livrrii

The
confirmation
of
goods
received. Also referred to as Proof
of Delivery.

Confirmarea bunurilor primite. De

asemenea se refer la dovada de
livrare.

Direct Exchange (DEX)

Schimb direct

Data interchanged directly between

supplier and retailer computers.
(c.f.Network Exchange)

Date interschimbabile n mod direct

ntre detailist i furnizor pe baza
computerului.

Direct Exchange (UCS)

Schimb direct (UCS)

Uniform Comunications Standard

as defined by UCC (q.v.) for use in
DEX in the USA.

Standard de comunicaie uniform

definit de ctre UCC (q.v.) pentru
folosirea n DEX n USA.

Direct Product Cost

(DPC)
Costul direct pe produs

Yardistick for measurting the

profitability of a given product,
taking into account all costs directly
traceable to it.

Etalonul
pentru
msurarea
profitabilitii unui produs dat, lund
n considerare toate costurile care
deriv direct din el.

16

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Direct product profit
(DPP)
Profit direct pe produs
(DPP)

An accounting method to examine each

products contribution to a retailers
overall profit by refining gross margins
into net contribution to costs and profit
by individual stock-keeping units. To
determine the DPP of an item, a special
formula is developed to deduct all
direct and indirect costs of handling that
item. DPP/ DPC does not address
overhead allocation problems- only the
costs related directly to a product (e.g.,
ordering and stocking). ABC does
adress these overhead and indirect
costs. Also unlike DPP/DPC, ABC is
tied to the businesss general ledger,
allowing easier and more accurate
determinations of profitability by
departament, category or SKU.

Metod contabil penru a examina profitul

global al produselor unui detailist prin
mbuntirea costului marginal printr-o
contribuie net a costurilor i profitului
din unitile de meninere a stocului (SKU).
Pentru a determina DPP unui articol, se
realizeaz o formul pentru a deduce toate
costurile directe i indirecte ale mrimii
acelor articole. DPP/DPC nu creeaz
probleme dect costurilor directe pe produs
(ordonarea i stocarea). ABC determin
costuri indirecte i e legat de registrul
general de afaceri (cartea mare) i permite
determinarea uoar i corect a
profitabilitii pe categorii, departamente
sau SKU.

Direct Store Delivery

(DSD)
Livrarea
direct
la
magazin

A
method
of
delivering
merchandise from the manufacturer
directly to the retail store,
bypassing
retail
werehouse
facilities.

O metod de livrare a produsului de la

productor direct n magazinul de
vnzare
cu
amnuntul
evitnd
depozitarea.

Direct Supply
Livrare direct

A marketing chanel with no

intermediaries between producer
and consumer, for which the
producer
assumes
the
responsabilities
or
activities
normally
undertaken
by
a
middleman.

Un canal de marketing fr
intermediari ntre productor i
consumator pentru care productorul
i asum responsabilitile sau
activitile care n mod normal ar
trebui ndeplinite de ctre intermediar.

Distribution Channel
Canalul de distribuie.

The route whith the goods or title to

the goods follow from the original
supplier to the end user, determined
by the type of trading parties, e.g.
wholesaler, retailer, etc.

Canalul pe care bunurile sau titlurile

bunurilor le urmeaz de la furnizor la
beneficiarul ultim, determinat de tipul
de comercializare, cum ar fi
angrosistul sau comerciantul cu
amnuntul etc.

Distribution
Requirements (Resource)
Planning
(also
Manufactures
Requirements Planning)
Planificarea cerinelor de
distribuie
(resurse)
Planificarea cerinelor de
fabricaie

Time phased planning od supply of

multiple Distribution Centers along one
several supply stages, in terms of
optimum source locations, transport
loads and modes, and inventory levels.

Planificare
ealonat
n
timp
a
aprovizionrii a mai multor centre de
distribuie de-a lungul uneia sau mai
multor aprovizionri a mai multor centre
de distribuie de-a lungul unuia sau mai
multor stadii de livrare n termeni de
localizare optim a sursei, ncrcturii i
modului de transport i nivelele de
inventariere.

17

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Distributor
Distribuitor

A third party responsabile for the

distribution of manufacture goods.

O ter parte responsabil cu distribuia

bunurilor manufacturate.

DMR

Distributor-managed replenishment.

Ditribuitor nsrcinat cu reaprovizionarea

Same as Drop and Hook but the goods

are unloaded from the trailer and the
truck leaves for his next destination
without having the goods cheked.
Descrepencies are notified by the
receiver at a later date.

Ca i Drop and Hook cu diferena c

bunurile sunt descrcate din camion iar
acesta pleac ctre urmtoarea destinaie
fr verificarea bunurilor. Discrepanele
sunt semnalate de ctre receptor la o dat
ulterior.

Arrangement among shipper, carrier

and consignee whereby the carrier
leaves a trailer filled with freigt at a
destinations and hooks up and hauls
away an empty trailer.
A secure parking area where trailers can
be unlooked from tractors and held until
the werehouse is ready to bring the
trailer to a dock to unloading.

Un aranajament ntre exportator i

destinatar prin care transportatorul las un
trailer plin la destinaie i prinde
(ridic) unul gol.

Drop trailers
Las trailerul (remorc)

Trailers that are unhooked from a

tractor when the truck reaches its
destinations, so the driver can depart
without waiting for the trailer to be
unloaded.

Trailerul este desprins de cabin cnd

acesta ajunge la destinaie, astfel oferul
detaeaz ncrctura fr a atepta
descrcarea.

DRP

Distribution Resource Planning.

Planificarea distribuiei resurselor

Drop and Drive

Las i
departe

condu

mai

Drop and Hook

Las i prinde

Drop lot
Las lotul

Dysfunctional conflict
Conflicte disfucionale

Conflict that cannot be resolved and

reduces supply chain efficiency and
performance.

O arie de parcare sigur unde remorcile

(trailerele) pot fi detaate de cabine i
inute acolo pn cnd depozitul este gata
s aduc remorcile n locul pentru
descrcare.

Conflict care nu poate fi rezolvat [i

reduce
eficien]a
lan]ului
de
aprovizionare [i performan]a.

EDI

EDI and bar codifing are used to

spped the flow of information and
products.

EDI i codificarea prin bare sunt

folosite pentru a efientiza fluxul
informaional i al produselor

EDI
for
Finance
Administration,
Commerce
and
Transport (EDIFACT)
EDI pentru finane,
administraie, comer i
transport

A set internationally agreed

standards,
directories
and
guidelines
for
electronic
interchange of structured data.

Un set de standarde convenite la nivel

internaional, linii directoare pentru
interschimburile
electronice
ale
structurii datelor.

18

DICIONAR E.C.R.
EDI
Implementation
Standard
for
EDIFACT
Standarde
de
implementare
pentru
EDIFACT

Uniform communications standard

adopted by EAN and UCC.

Standarde de comunicare adoptate de

EAN i UCC.

EDI third party

EDI a treia parte

A network service provider that

receives data from one trading
partner and stores it for retrieval for
another; since editing, translating
and other tasks may also be
performed, the term value added
network is often used to describe
the service provider.

Un furnizor reea de servicii care

primete informaii de la un partener
(comerciant) i le stocheaz pentru a le
ndrepta celuilalt; dac editarea,
traducerea i alte sarcini sunt
efectuate, termenul reea de valoare
adugat este adesea folosit pentru a
descrie furnizorul de servicii.

EDIFACT Components
Componente EDIFACT

As
with
EDIFACT
service
segments the components which go
into making up an EDIFACT
message are split into levels, in this
case 5.

Ca i n segmentele serviciului
EDIFACT; componentele care se
constituie ntr-un mesaj EDIFACT sunt
mpite pe nivelele, n acest caz 5.

EDIFACT Directories
Directorii EDIFACT

The groupong of all of the

componenets of EDIFACT takes
place in an EDIFACT directory.
Currently EDIFACT directories are
released twice a year (March and
September) by the United Nation in
Geneva.

Gruparea
tuturor
componentelor
EDIFACT se situeaz ntr-un director
EDIFACT. n mod curent directorii
EDIFACT se scot de dou ori pe an
(martie i septembrie) de ctre
Naiunile Unite din Geneva.

EDIFACT Interchange
Interschimbul EDIFACT

An EDIFACT interchange is a
logical structure of messages and
funtional groups which forms a
complete EDI communication
between trading partners.

Un intreschimb EDIFACT este o

structur logic ale unor grupuri
funcionale i de mesaje ce formeaz o
structur de comunicare EDI complet
ntre partenerii comerciali.

EDIFACT Messages
Mesaje EDIFACT

EDIFACT messages are created by

grouping
together
individual
segment or segment groups in order
to satisfy a business function.

Mesajele EDIFACT sunt create prin

gruparea segmentelor individuale sau
grupurilor de segmente n scopul
satisfacerii funciilor afacerilor.

19

DICIONAR E.C.R.
EDLC

Every day low cost.

Costuri sczute n fiecare zi

EDLP

Every day low price.

Preuri sczute n fiecare zi

Efficient
Administration (EA)
Administrare eficient

Supplier and retailer work together

to manage the flow of information
and documentation, with the aim of
reducing-Activities with add no
value (re-keying data or correcting
errors)- Transmission costs (e.g.
mail-overhead costs)-Transmission
time (e.g. invoice mailing).

Furnizorul i detailistul lucreaz

mpreun pentru a putea controla
cursul informaional i documentaia n
scopul activitilor care nu aduc
valoare (recodificare de dat sau
corectarea erorilor) costuri de
transmitere
(pot;
supra-costuri
costuri
suplimentare)-timpul
de
transmitere (e.g.facturare prin pot).

Efficient
Consumer
Response (ECR)
Rspunsul eficient la
consumator

Common collaborated initiative by

suppliers and trade to optimize the
joint supply chain to create
additional consumer value in terms
of lower cost, better service, higher
quality and larger variety.

Iniiativ de colaborare comun ntre

furnizor i comerciani n scopul
optimizrii
lanului
comun
de
aprovizionare i n scopul crerii unei
valori adiionale consumatorului n
termenii
costurilor
sczute,
mbuntirea serviciilor, calitate
crescut i varietate mare.

Efficient
Product
Launch
and
Development
(EPD)
Dezvoltarea i lansarea
eficient a unui produs

Suppliers and retailes work together

to develop new products and plan
product launches in order to reduce
the failure rate of new product
introductions.

Furnizorul i detailistul lucreaz

mpreun pentru dezvoltarea unui nou
produs i lansarea acestuia n scopul
reducerii
ratei
de
eec
(riscului)introducerii unui nou produs.

Efficient
Promotion
(EP)
Promovarea eficient

Suppliers and retailers work

together to plan and/or implement
promotions so the excess costs are
reduced and the results of
promotions are improved.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreaz

mpreun
la
un
plan
i/sau
implementerea promovrii astfel ca
excesurile de cost s fie reduse i
rezultatele
promovrii
s
fie
mbuntite.

Efficient
Replenishment (ER)
Reaprovizionare
eficient

Suppliers and retailers work

together to ensure provision of the
right product, to the right place, at
the right time, in the right quantity
and in the most efficient manner
possible.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreaz

mpreun
pentru
a
asigura
aprovizionarea cu produsele potrivite
la locul potrivit, la timpul potrivit, cu o
cantitate potrivit i n cel mai eficient
mod

20

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Efficient
Store
Assortment (ESA)
Eficientizarea
asortimentului
din
magazin
Efficient
Store
Merchandising (EDI)
Comercializarea
eficient n magazin

Suppliers and retailers work

together to define store assortment
in order to maximize efficiency and
proffitability of space.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreaz

mpreun
pentru
definirea
sortimentului pentru o eficien
maxim i profitabilitatea spaiului.

Optimization of Category and

Space allocation and frequent
monitoring of category and item
space of store level.

Optimizarea categoriei i spaiului

alocat i monitorizarea frecvent a
categoriei i a spaiului articolului la
nivelul magazinului
.
Transmiterea computer-computer a
informaiei afacerii ntre partenerii
comerciali. Informaia este, de obicei,
organizat n formate de fiiere
standard sau seturi de tranzacii
urmnd liniile directoare de ctre
Consiliul Codurilor Uniforme (UCC)
(q.v.) pentru industria de gross. Au fost
elaborate standarde pentru toate
comunicaiile
afacere-ctre-afacere,
coninnd ordine de aprovizionare,
note de transport i transfer. Prin
eliminarea de fonduri, serviciile
potale sau alte conturi asociate cu
informaia bazat pe hrtie, EDI
reduce costurile, ntrzierile i erorile.

Electronic
Data
Interchange (EDI)
Schimbul
de
date
electronice

The
computer-to
computer
transmission
of
business
information
between
trading
partners. The information is usualy
organised in standard file format or
transaction
sets
following
guidelines by the Uniform Code
Council (UCC) (q.v.) for the
grocery industry. Standards have
been developed for all regular
business to- business communication
covering purchase orders, invoiced,
notices of shipment and transfer of
funds. By eliminating the clerical,
mailling and other costs associed
with paper-based information, EDI
reduces costs, delays and errors.

Electronic
Founds
Transfer (EFT)
Transferul electronic de
fonduri

Management of cash flow and

timing of payment to vendors
manufacturers for products/services
received, including investigation
and reconciliation uf discrepancies
between
vendors/manufacturer
invoice and purchase order.

Managementul fluxului de numerar i

ealonarea n timp a plilor ctre
manufacturierii
vnztori
pentru
produsele
i
serviciile
primite,
incluznd investigarea i reconcelierea
discrepanelor ntre facturi i ordinele
de aprovizionare
vnztor/manufacturier.

Electronic
Load
Notification
Notificarea electronic a
ncrcturilor

Tendering loads between shippers

and carriers using Electronic Data
Interchange.

Comandarea
ncrcturilor
ntre
ncrctori i transportatori folosind
EDI.

21

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Euro-ISDN
Euro-ISDN

European digital communications

network that can be used for
transmission of data

Reeaua european de comunicare

care poate fi folosit pentru
transmiterea datelor.

European
Article
Numbering
(EAN)
Association
Asociaia numerotrii n
sistem
european
a
articolelor

Europe based global organization

for managing the bar system.

Organizare european global pentru

lucrul cu sistemul codurilor cu bare.

European
Article
Numbering
System
EAN
Sistemul european de
numerotare a articolelor

A standardized format for a 13-digit

bar code and number identification
of products and shipping containers
used primarily outside the U.S. and
Canada. EAN bar codes are
compatible with the U.P.C.s. of the
U.S. and Canada.

Un format standardizat dintr-un codbar de 13 digii i numere de

identificare
ale
produselor
i
containerelor navale utilizate pn
astzi n afaceri n SUA i Canada.
Codurile de bare EAN sunt compatibile
cu UPC din SUA i Canada

Event
driven
EDI
(EDE)
Eveniment transmis prin
EDI

A real time computer-to-computer

transmission of EDI messages,
triggered by events in the businesss
process.

O transmitere computer-computer n
timp util a mesajelor EDI, determinate
de evenimente n cadrul afacerilor.

Every Day Low Pricing

(EDLP)
Preuri sczute zilnice

Situation where a retailer offers the

consumer a constant low price
throughout the year.

Situaia n care detailistul ofer un pre

constant sczut ntr-un an.

22

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Feedback mechanism
Mecaniamul feedback

The continuous loop between the

stages of implementation
/administration and assessment.
Provides understanding of alliance
dynamics,
allows
continuous
improvement to occur over the life
of the alliance and illustrates that
some alliances may be terminated.

Continua leg\tur\ dintre stadiile de

implementare/administrare [i evaluare.
Acest lucru dovede[te `n]elegerea
dinamicii
alian]ei,
permite
`mbun\t\]irea continu\ ce apare de-a
lungul vie]ii alian]ei [i ilustreaz\ c\
unele alian]e pot fi `ncheiate.

Forecasted demand
Cererea previzionat

The demand for the product that is

expected based on consumer pointof-sale information, distributor
warehouse withdrawal information
or
traditional
forecasting
techniques.

Cererea
pentru
produse
se
preconizeaz a se baza pe informaii
din punctul de vedere al vnztorului
(POS), pe informaiile extrase din
depozitele furnizorilor sau, tehnici
tradiionale de previziune

Formalization
Formalizarea

One of the three dimensions of

operating standards. Composed of
two elements that positively impact
adherence to standards: defined
procedures
and
continuous
performance measurement.

Una din cele trei dimensiuni ale

stadardelor de operare. Compus\ din
dou\ elemente a c\ror adeziune are
impact pozitiv asupra standardelor:
proceduri definite [i m\surarea
continu\ a performan]elor.

Fuctional conflict
Conflictul funcional

Conflict that is positively resolved

and, therefore, enhances supply
chain efficiency and performance

Conflict care este rezolvat pozitiv [i de

aceea amplific\ eficien]a lan]ului de
aprovizionare [i performan]a.

Functional Groups
Grupuri funcionale

A functional group is a set of

EDIFACT messages of the same
type addressed of the same
recipient. The adventage of using
funtional groups is that separate
interchanges are not required each
time the message occurs

Un grup funcional este un set de

mesaje EDIFACT de acelai tip
adresate aceluiai primitor. Avantajul
folosirii grupurilor funcionale este c
interschimburile separate nu se cer de
fiecare dat cu mesajul respectiv.

23

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Complete model developed in this
research that details alliance
practice
from
initial
conceptualization
through
implementation and assessment.
Includes evaluations of strategic
effectiveness and adherence to
operating standards in order to
determine whether an alliance is
sustained, modified or terminated.
Usually expressed as a percentage
and defined as:
sales- cost of goods sold
x 100
sales

Model complet dezvoltat ce detaliaz\

practica alian]ei din conceptul ini]ial
prin implemementare [i evaluare.
Aceasta include evalu\ri ale efectului
strategic [i aderen]a standardelor
opera]ionale pentru a determina c nd o
alian]\ este sus]inut\, modificat\ sau
`ncheiat\.

Harmonized
performance
measurement
Msurarea armonizat a
performanei

Agreed set of measurements to

quantify efficiency within a
distribution system.

Setul de msuri stabilite pentru a

cuatifica eficiena n interiorul unui
sistem de eficien-

Haulier
Transportator

Third party carrier employed to

transport goods.

O ter parte angajat s transporte

bunurile.

High-low
nalt-sczut

A term referring to a distributor

whose pricing strategy is based
heavily on promotions.

Termen referitor la un distribuitor a

crui strategie de pre e bazat cel
mai mult pe promovri.

Holistic pilots
Ghiduri organizatorice

Test projects in which trading

parners implement one or more
aspect (s) of ECR across multiple
disciplines and funtional boundaries
within the companies. They
document the experience and
measure its success.

Proiecte-test n care partenerii

comerciali implementeaz unul sau
mai multe aspecte ale ECR n cadrul
mai multor discipline i limite
funcionale n cadrul companiei. Ele
stocheaz i msoar succesele sale.

General alliance model

Model general de alian

Gross margin
Rata brut a profitului

Rata brut= definit ca procent din

vnzri-costul bunurilor vndute x100
vnzri

24

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Identifier
Identificator

A character in EDIFACT or group of

characters used to identify or name an
item of data and possibily idicate
certain properties of that data.

Un caracter din EDIFACT sau un grup de

caractere folosite pentru a identifica sau
numi date i s indice, dac este posibil,
anumite proprieti ale datelor.

Implementationadministration stage
Stadiul de implementareadministrare

The fourth stage in the process

component of an alliance. The partners
establish full commitment to the
alliance and determine strategic
expectations and joint operating
standards.
Necessary
operational
modifications are identified and
changes are implemented. If the
alliance is sustained during the
assessment stage, the alliance is
administered until the next formal
assessment. If the alliace is modified
during the assessment stage, the
necessary changes are implemented and
then reassessed.

Al patrulea stadiu din componentele

procesului unei alian]e. Partenerii stabilesc
angajament deplin fa]\ de alian]\ [i
determin\ a[tept\ri strategice [i al\tur\
stadarde
opera]ionale.
Modific\rile
opera]ionale necesare sunt identificate iar
schimb\rile sunt implementate. Dac\
alian]a este sus]inut\ `n timpul stadiului de
evaluare, alian]a este administrat\ p n\ la
urm\toarea evaluare formal\. Dac\ alian]a
este modificat\ `n timpul stadiului de
evaluare atunci schimb\rile necesare sunt
mai nt i implementate [i apoi reevaluate.

Initial expectation
Ateptarea iniial

The initiating firms broad strategic

goals to be accomplished with an
alliance. Strategic goals will differ
based on the channel focus of the
alliance.

Ini]iativa clar\ a firmei despre punctele

strategice este ca acestea s\ fie `ndeplinite
cu ajutorul unei alian]e. }intele strategice
care difer\ pe canalul de distribu]ie se
focalizeaz\ pe alian]\.

Initiating party-firm
Firma/partea iniiatoare

The firm that initiates alliance

involvement. The initiating party/firm
is the primary focus of the first two
levels in the general alliance model.

Firma care iniiaz implicarea alianei;

aceat iniiativ este centrul primar din
primele dou nivele.

Integrated EDI
EDI integrat

A term applied to the direct entry of

information received electronically into
the recipients computer system. It
eliminates the manual checking that is
still frequently done by many recipients
of EDI information, saving time and
costs. It requires the sender to adhere
strictly to standard and pre-agreed
formats.

Un termen aplicat intrrii directe a

informaiei primit electrnic n sistemul
computerizat al receptorului. Aceasta
elimin verificarea manual, care este nc
frecvent folosit de ctre muli receptori ai
infomaiilor EDI, economisind timp i bani.
Aceasta cere transmitorului s adere
strict la standarde i formate prestabilite.

Indentification of the logistic address

and identification of products through
EAN (q.v.)

Identificarea
adreselor
logistice
identificarea produselor prin EAN.

International
Number (ILN)
Numere
de
internaionale

Location
locaie

25

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Inventory management
Managementul
inventarierii

The
branch
of
business
management concerned with the
planning and control of inventories.

O ramur a managementului afacerii

care se ocup cu planificarea i
controlul stocurilor.

Inventory Shrinkage
Micorarea stocului

Loss of merchandise in the supply

chain due to theft, spoliage, etc.

Pierderea produselor n lanul de

aprovizionare se datoreaz furtului,
spolierii, etc.

Inventory turn
Rotirea inventarului

The rate of speed that inventory is

moving through a companys
business, definable by units or
dollars (e.g., total units sold in a
year/average inventory level)

Rata vitezei cu care inventarul se

mic n afacerile companiei, definit
n uniti sau $ (ex. Soldul de uniti
ntr-un an/nivelul mediu al inventarului
(stocului))

Investment Buys
Investirea n
cumprturi (achiziii)

The practice of buying in products

at low prices in anticipations of a
future price rice, without having an
actual customer at hand.

Practica cumprrii produselor la

preuri mici anticipnd o viitoare
cretere de preuri, fr a avea de fapt
un client imediat.

ISO 9000

An
international
quality
certification standard administered
by the International Organization
for Standardization that describes
and defines the basic elements
necessary to ensure products and
services meet or exceed customer
expectations.

Un
standard
de
certificare
internaional a calitii administrat de
Organizaia
Internaional
de
Standardizare care descrie i definete
elementele
principale
necesare
asigurrii produselor i serviciilor ce
rspund la ateptrile exprimate i
nexprimate ale consumatorilor .

A designated inventory level at

which additional quantities of a
product should be ordered. Reorder points are generally related to
shelf capacity sales rate and supply
lead time.

Un nivel proiectat de inventariere la

care cantitile adiionale dintr-un
produs ar trebui s fie comandate.
Punctele suplimentare de comenzi sunt
n general, legate de propria
capacitate a ratei vnzrilor i
timpului de aprovizionare.

Wharehouse and store withdrawal data.

Date despre fluxul mrfii

depozitelor i magazinelor.

Item re-order point

Punct suplimentar
comenzi

de

Item Movement Data

Datele de micare
articolelor

cadrul

26

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Item,
Price
and
Promotion Databases
Baze de date ale
promovrii, preului i
articolelor

Shared information set that contains

item numbers, item informations,
pricing information, promotion
pricing, conditions and logistics
information.

Set de informaii care conine numrul

articolelor, informaii referitoare la
acestea, preuri promoionale, condiii
i informaii spre logistic.

Just-in-time
Just-in time

The movement of material to the

necessary place just-in-time for
consumption
or
use.
The
implication ids that each operation
is closely synchronized with the
subsequent ones to make this
possible.

Mutarea materialului n locul necesar,

la timp pentru consum sau uz.
Rezultatul este acela c fiecare
operaie
este
sincronizat
cu
urmtoarele pentru a o face posibil.

Key contact
Contactul cheie

Those individuals with knowledge

and experience concerning the
general being investigated (adapted
from Churchill, Gilbert A., Jr.
(1976)
Marketing
Research:
Methodological Foundations, 5th
edition (Chicago, IL:The Dryden
Press). In this research, key
contacts were individuals at the
senior
executive,
middle
management and/or functional
management levels who were
responsible for initiating and
managing the alliance.

Acei indivizi cu cuno[tin]e [i

experien]\ privind subiectul general
care se `nregistreaz\. ~n aceast\
cercetare, cheile de contact sunt
individuale: la seniorii executivi, la
nivele de management de mijloc sau
func]ionale care sunt responsabile cu
ini]ierea [i conducerea alian]ei

Key
Perfomance
Indicators (KPI)
Indicatorii cheie de
performan
Lead time
Durata minim

Essential measures that refer

notably to seles, key financial
rations and service levels.

Evalurile eseniale care se refer mai

ales la vnzri, ratele cheie financire i
nivelele de servire.

Cycle
time
between
order
placement and delivry of goods,
usually expressed in days.

Timpul ciclic ntre plasarea ordinului

i livrarea bunurilor, de obicei
exprimat n zile.

One of the five dimensions of

strategic effectiveness. The length
of time the alliance has beean
operational. Implies that as
alliances withstand the test of time,
they are more likely to be perceived
as successful.

Una din cele cinci dimensiuni ale

efectivitt\]ii strategice. De-a lungul
timpului alian]a a fost opera]ional\.
Acest fapt `nseamn\ c\ cu c t alian]ele
au dep\[it testul timpului, cu at t au
mai mult succes.

Length
of
relationship
Durabilitatea
alianei

alliance
relaiilor

27

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Length of previous
business relationship
Longevitatea relaiilor
comerciale anterioare

An element of partner match.

Focuses on the necessity for
alliance partners to have sufficient
knowledge about each other in
order
to
determine
their
compatibility before finalizing the
initial alliance agreement. Implies
that organizations do not usually
form alliances
with
perfect
strangers.

Un element al potrivirii partenerilor.

Centrat\ pe necesitatea ca pertenerii
alian]ei s\ aib\ suficiente cuno[tin]e
despre fiecare astfel `nc t s\ determine
compatibilitatea `nainte de finalizarea
acordului ini]ial `n ceea ce prive[te
alian]a. Acest lucru implic\ faptul c\
organiza]iile nu formeaz\ de obicei
alian]e bune cu str\ini.

Managerial imbalance
Dezechilibrul
managerial

An element of alliance management

that occurs when alliance partners
devote
different
levels
of
managerial experience to the
alliance.
Imbalance
can
be
perceived in terms of the number of
participants involved in the alliance
and/or their organizational level.

Element managerial ce apare atunci

c nd partenerii alian]ei dedic\ acesteia
diferite
nivele
de
experien]\
managerial\. Dezechilibrul poate fi
perceput `n termenii num\rului de
participan]i implica]i la nivelul
organiza]ional.

Merchandising strategy
Strategie
de
comercializare

A compamys position on pricing,

promotion and deal structures.

Poziia companiei bazat pe pre,

promovare i structura afacerilor.

28

DICIONAR E.C.R.
MIS

Management information systems

also called IS (information system)

Sisteme de management al informaiei

numit adesea IS (sistem informatic)

MRP
Need awareness stage
Stadiul
nevoilor
contientizate

Manufacturing resource planning

The first stage in the process
component of an alliance. The
initiating firm becomes aware that a
change in strategy is required and
considers an alliance as a possible
solution or opportunity.
The total cost of supplying a
product to the retail self including
purchase price, transportation,
storage and retail handling.
1. A distribution system of
warehousees and transport
routes to manage the flow of
goods through the supply
chain.
2. A supplier of an EDI service
based up on mail box system to
enable interaction between a
number of EDI trading
partners.
UCS provides two communication
links between store and supplier:
DEX and NEX.NEX supports
communications between officebazed computer systems via public
communications networks while
DEX provides direct links between
trading partners at the store without
the need for other networks.

Planificarea resurselor de producie

Primul stadiu al componentelor
procesului de alian]\. Ini]iativa firmei
devine con[tient\ atunci c nd se cere
schimbarea strategiei [i se consider\
alian]a ca solu]ie posibl\ [i oportun\.

Net landed cost

Costul net

Network
Reea

Network
Exchange
UCS (NEX)
Schimb prin reea UCS
(NEX)

On-hand balance
Balan on-hand
Open system
Sistem deschis

Operating savings
Operaiunea de salvare

The quantity shown in the

inventory
records
as
being
phisically in stoc.
Computer technology (hardware
and sofware) based on standards
that
allow
communication
compatibility with all other
systems.
Operating-expense
reductions,
including cost of goods sold,
marketing expenses, selling/buying
overhead,
warehouse
and
transportation
costs,
store
operations and administrative costs.

Costul total de furnizare a unui produs

ctre rafturile detailistului incluznd
preul de cumprare, transportul,
stocarea i manipulare.
1. Un sistem de distribuie, de
depozitare i rute de transport
pentru a asigura fluxul bunurilor
prin lanul de aprovizionare.
2. Un furnizor al serviciului EDI
bazat pe un sistem potal care s
permit interaciunea dintre un
numr de parteneri comerciali.
UCS confer dou posibiliti de
comunicare ntre magazin i furnizor:
DEX
i
NEX.
NEX
sprijin
comunicarea
ntre
oficiile
computerizate ctre reelele de
comunicare publice, n timp ce DEX
ofer legturi ntre partenerii de
comer la magazin fr a fi nevoie de
alt reea.
Cantitatea aprut n inventar
neregistrat ca fiind n stoc n mod
fizic.
Tehnologia computerizat bazt pe
standardele
care
permit
compatibilitatea comunicrii cu toate
celelalte sisteme.
Reducerea cheltuielilor de operare
incluznd costul bunurilor vndute,
cheltuieli cu marketing, vnzri
cumprri prea multe, costuri de
depozitare i transport, costuri de
operare i administrare a magazinului.

29

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Operating standards
Standarde operaionale

The measure of how well alliance

partners
define
the
rules,
procedures and philosophy for
managing the alliance on a daily
basis. This measure occurs as an
expectation
during
the
selection/decision stage and as a
perception of actual adherence
during
the
stages
of
implementation/administration and
assessment.

M\soar\ c t de bine definesc partenerii

alian]ei regulile, procedurile [i filozofia
penteru administrarea alian]ei pe baze
zilnice. Aceasta apare ca o a[teptare `n
timpul stadiului select\rii/ deciziei/ [i
ca o percepere a adeziunii actuale `n
timpul stadiilor de implementare
/administrare [i evaluare.

Operational component
Componenta
operaional

A vertical component of the general

alliance model. Describes the
development
of
search
and
selection criteria and operating
standards for managing an alliance
on a daily basis.

O
component\
vertical\
a
managementului general al alian]ei care
descrie dezvoltarea criteriului de
cutare i selec]ie [i standardele
opera]ionale
pentru
administrarea
alian]ei pe baze zilnice.

Operational
cooperation
Cooperarea operaional

An element of information access.

Established when alliance partners
integrate communication to reduce
uncertainty and
allow
joint
decisions to be made in a real-time
environment.

Element al accesului la informa]ii

stabilit atunci cnd partenerii alian]ei
integreaz\ comunicarea pentru a reduce
nesiguran]a [i permite luarea de decizii
clare `ntr-un spa]iu `n timp real.

Order Constraints
Limitri ale ordinului

The minimum and maximum level

set for purchase order, based on
economic
quantities
agreed
between retailer and supplier,
usually expressed in pallets or
weight
Time involved form the placement
of an order until the goods aree
delivered (see also lead time)

Nivelul minim i maxim pentru un

ordin de cumprare bazat pe cantiti
economice la care au czut de acord
detailistul i furnizorul, de obicei
exprimat n palete sau greutate.

Order Pooling
Gruparea comenzilor

Method of grouping one or more

purchase orders from one or more
suppliers into a single delivery to a
DC or store.

Metoda gruprii unuia sau mai multor

comenzi de cumprare de la unul sau
mai muli furnizori ntr-o singur
livrare DC sau magazin.

Order processing
Procesarea comenzii

The total of all the administrative

operations, from the receipt of the
orders to invoicing.

Totalul operaiilor administrative de la

primirea comenzilor la facturare.

Order cycle time

Timpul necesar plasrii
ordinului

Timpul consumat de la plasarea unui

ordin pn cnd produsele sunt livrate.

30

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Organizational
compatibility
Compatibilitatea
organizaional

An element of partner match.

Illustrates how well partnering
firms integrate their operations into
a cohesive unit with respect to
mutual goals, compatible culture
and information systems.

Element al potrivirii partenerilor ce

ilustreaz\ c t de bine integreaz\ ace[tia
opera]iunile lor `ntr-o unitate cu respect
pentru punctele mutual ob]iunte, pentru
cultura compatibil\ [i sistem de
informare.

Organizational learning
nvarea
organizaional

A two-step process in which an

alliance partner: (1) learns critical
skills and knowledge from its
partner firm and transfers those
acquired skills and knowledge
internally
throughout
its
organization; and (2) applies the
knowledge gained from the alliance
to other business situations.
The use of a supplemental
inventory storage location to handle
excess inventory; sometimes refers
to third-party public warehousing.

Un proces `n dou\ stadii `n care : (1)

partenerul alian]ei inva]\ `ndem nrile
critice [i cuno[tin]ele de la cel\lalt
partener [i le transfer\ organiza]iei sale;
(2) aplic\ cuno[tin]ele c [tigate din
alian]\ celorlalte situa]ii comerciale

Outsourcing
Sursele externe

The external purchase of products

and/or services from other firms in
the
supply
chain.
Strategic
alternative to vertical integration.

Achizi]ii externe de produse sau/[i

servicii de la alte firme `n lan]ul de
distribu]ie. Alternativ\ strategic\ spre
integrarea vertical\.

Pallet
Palet

Portable wooden or roll platforms

for assembling, sorting, stacking,
handling and transporting goods as
a unit load.
System, to identify goods on a
pallet or in a case by a unique label.

Platforma mobil pentru amplasarea,

sortarea, stocarea, manipularea i
transportul bunurilor la o ncrctur
militar.
Sistem de identificare a bunurilor ntrun palet sau bax printr-o etichet
unic.
Standard industrial ce poate fi folosit
la codificare etichetei paletelor cu un
cod cu bare.
Practica de a avea un transportator
care, dup ce a descrcat marfa din
palete, ia napoi paletele goale, ce vor
fi ndreptate ctre un alt transport.

Outside storage
Stocare exterioar

Pallet and case labeling

Etichetarea baxurilor i
paletelor
Pallet bar code
Cod cu bare a paletelor
Pallet exchange
Schimb de palet

Pallet unit
Unitate de palet
Parallel
Paralel

Industry standard that can be used

to encode pallet labels with bar
code.
Industry practice of having a
carrier-when it drops off palletized
freight at a consignee-take back
empty pallets, which are to be
brought back to another shipper.
The quantity of one product that fit
on a pallet with a given height.
Conducted at the same time (e.g.,
testing
the
CRP
process
concurrently with the traditional
fulfillment process).

Folosirea unor locaii de stocare

suplimentare
pentru
inventarele
excesive; uneori se refer la o ter
parte-depozite publice.

Cantitatea dintr-un produs care se

potrivete pe o palet cu o greutate
dat.
Conduse n acelai timp (ex. testarea
procesului CRP n acelai timp cu
ndeplinirea proceselor tradiionale)

31

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Partner coordination
Coordonarea
partenerilor

One of the five dimensions of

strategic effectiveness. Composed
of two elements that positively
impact
alliance
effectiveness:
character-based
trust
and
cooperation.

Una din cele cinci dimensiuni ale

efectivit\]ii strategice. Compus\ din
dou\ elemente care au impact pozitiv
asupra efectivit\]ii alian]ei: `ncredere
bazat\ pe caracter [i cooperare.

Partner match
Potrivirea partenerilor

One of the five dimensions of

strategic effectiveness. Composed
of two elements that positively
impact
alliance
effectiveness:
organizational compatibility and the
length of previous business
relationship.

Una din cele cinci dimensiuni ale

efectivit\]ii strategice. Compus\ din
dou\ elemente care au impact pozitiv
asupra
efectivit\]ii
alian]ei
compatibilitatea organiza]ional\ [i
longevitatea
rela]iilor
comerciale
anterioare.

Partnership checklist
List de verificare a
partenerilor de afaceri

A document created by potential

CRP partners detailing all tasks
required to implement the CRP
process.

Un document creat de partenerii CRP

detailind toate cerinele puse pentru
implementarea procesului CRP

Periodic
ordering
system
Sistem
periodic
de
comenzi

An
ordering
system
which
determines at fixed times whether a
procurement order must be placed
and what the order quantity must
be.

Un sustem de comenzi care determin

la anumite momente dac o comand
ar trebui nlocuit i care ar trebui s
fie cantitatea comandat.

Phisycal distribution
Distribuia fizic

The total of activites aimed at

ensuring the efficient movement of
finished products from the end of
the production line to the consumer.
These activities include freight
transportation,
warehousing,
material
handling,
protective
packaging and inventory control.
Taking goods out of stock and
packing
them
according
to
customer requirements.

Totalul activitilor care au ca scop

asigurarea micrii eficiente a
produselor de la sfritul liniei de
producie la consumator. Aceste
actviti includ transportul maritim,
depozitarea, manipularea materialului,
ambalarea produselor i inventarierea.

Picking order/note
Ridic nota/comanda

The order to take certain quantities

of particular products out of stock
(for shipment and/or the production
process).

Comanda de a lua anumite cantiti

din unele produse din stoc (pentru
transport i/sau procesul de producie).

Pilot
Pilot

Testintg a process on limited basis.

Testarea unui proces pe o baz liniar

Pick and pack

Ridic i mpacheteaz

Preluarea bunurilor
ambalarea conform
consumatorului.

din
cu

stoc i
cerinele

32

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Power imbalance
Dezechilibrul puterii

An element of alliance management

that occurs when partners are
unable to overcome their power
differences. Results in an alliance
that operates without mutual benefit

Element al managementului alianei

care apare cnd partenerii sunt
incapabili s depeasc diferenele
de putere existente ntre ei. Aceasta
nseamn c ntr-o alian se opereaz
fr beneficii reciproce.

Pre-expediting
Pre-expediere

The function of following up on

open orders before the scheduled
delivery date, to ensure the promt
delivry of goods in the specified
qnantity.
Invoicing before delivery of goods.

Funcia de a urmri anumite comenzi

nainte de data de livrare, pentru a
asigura livrarea prompt a cantitii
specificate de produse.

The information from the supplier

to his customer with regard to e.g.
the shipping date, the method of
shipment and the invoice number,
etc. of the goods before they are
actually shipped.
A feature of an in-store computer
system that verifies the selling price
on an item through use of a
centrally maintained price file.

Informaia de la furnizor la client cu

privire la data de transport, metod de
transport, numrul facturii etc., nainte
ca bunurile s fie transportate.

Pre-invoicing
Pre-facturarea
Pre-shipment
information
Informaia
pretransportare

Price Look-Up (PLU)

Supravegherea preului

Facturarea naintea livrrii bunurilor.

O
proprietate
a
sistemului
computerizat din magazin care verific
preul de vnzare al unui articol prin
folosirea unui fiier de preuri
ntreinut centralizat (un cod zecimal
din decodificarea codului cu bare)
Component\
vertical\
a
managementului
general
al
alian]ei.Descrie [i detalieaz\ stadiile de
formare `ntre]inere a alian]ei.

Process component
Componenta procesului

A vertical component of the general

alliance model. Describes or details
the stages of alliance formation and
maintenance.

Procurement
Procurarea
(aprovizionarea)

The process of obtaining goods:

control of the availability and/or the
ordering of goods from an external
supplier.
The total period of time that elapses
from the moment it is determined
that a product is to be reordered
until the product is back on the self
available for use.
The point at which a test CRP
process becomes the primary
fulfillment process.

Procesul de obinere a bunurilor:

controlul
transmiterii
i/sau
comandrii produselor de la un
furnizor extern.
Perioade de timp total care se scurge
ntre momentul stabilit ca un produs s
fie reordonat (re-comandat)
pn
cnd produsul este napoi pe rafturi,
disponibil pentru folosire.
Punctul n care procesul testrii CRP
ncepe cu realizarea procesului primar.

The individual leading the CRP

effort within an organization

Conducerea individual a efortului

CRP ntr-o organizaie .

Procurement
time
Quality Control
Timpul de procurare i
controlul calitii
Production
Producia

Project leader
Conductor de proiect

33

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Quick response (QR)
Rspuns rapid
Ramp up
Creterea

Receiver
on-time
performance
Performanele la timp ale
receptorului

Reconditioning
Recondiionarea

Re-order buyer
Cumprtorul
responsabil
cu
comanda

re-

Replenishment
Reaprovizionarea
Replenishment system
Sistemul de
reaprovizionare

The checking of goods against

required standards within the
supply chain.
The process of increasing the
volumes of product managed
through CRP until the partners
begin to realize cost savings and
other benefits that offset or exceed
their investment in the strategy.

Controlul
bunurilor
conform
standardelor n cadrul lanului de
furnizori.
Proces de cretere
a volumului
produselor (prin CRP) pn cnd
partenerii
realizeaz
calmarea
costurilor i altor beneficii ce mbin o
creterea investiiilor n strategii

Strategy widely adopted by retailers

and manufactures of general
merchandise and soft-lines to
reduce retail out-of-stocks, forced
mark-downs
and
operating
expenses.
These
goals
are
accomplished through shipping
accuracy and reduced response
time. QR is a partnership strategy
in which suppliers and retailers
work together to respond more
rapidly to the consumer by sharing
point-of-sale scan data, enabling
both to forecast replenishment
needs. EDI and bar coding are used
to speed the flow of information
and products.
Measurement of on-time delivery
by the carrier based on appointment
time as sheduled by the warehouse
receiver.
The person in a distributor
organization responsible for routine
repeat purchases of product.

Strategia adoptat n general de ctre

detailitii i manufacturierii de bunuri
de a reduce carenele din stocuri i
cheltuielile
operaionale.
Aceste
scopuri sunt realizate prin acurateea
transporturilor i reducerea timpului
de rspuns. QR este o strategie de
parteneriat n care detailitii i
furnizorii lucreaz mpreun pentru a
rspunde
rapid
consumatorului
utiliznd informaii ale punctului de
vnzare (POS), permind previziunea
necesarului de reaprovizionare.

Return of a shipment to the party

who originally deliverad it to the
carrier.
The act fo providing customers
with fresh quantities of a product.
The way in which delivery to
customers takes palce (e.g. delivery
in response to supply orders:
ordering system. The delivery on
the basis of the sales, stocks, stock
standards, stock locations and lead
times of the customers: CRP)

Msurarea livrrii la timp de ctre cel

care face transportul bazat pe un timp
stabilit de cel care primete.
Persoana, ce aparine unei organizaii
de distribuie, responsabil cu rutina
re-comenzii unui produs.
ntoarcerea unui transport care iniial
a fost livrat cruului.
Procesul de ctigare a clientelei prin
noi cantiti dintr-un produs.
Modul n care se desfoar livrarea
ctre clieni (livrarea ca rspuns al
comenzilor de aprovizionare: sistemul
de efectuare a comenzilor. Livrarea pe
baz de stoc, standardele stocului i
timpul de livrare CRP).

34

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Responsiveness
Reacia de rspuns

An element of connectivity.
Indicates each partners willingness
to fulfill special requests from the
other partner in a timely manner.

Element al conectivit\]ii. Descrie

dorin]ele fiec\ri partener de a `ndeplini
cererile speciale ale celuilalt partener `n
timp util.

Returns
Returnri

All activities which have to do with

restoring and/or altering of a
product, including pakaging.
For exemple:
- the removal of labels and tags;
- repackaging into smaller units;
- etc.

Toate activitile care au de-a face cu

restocarea i/sau alterarea produselor,
inlcusiv ambalarea.
De exemplu:
-schimbarea etichetelor;
-reambalarea n uniti mai mici
-etc.

ROE

Return on equity (expressed as a

percentage).

Recuperarea capitalului (exprimat n

procente

ROI

Return on investment (expressed as

a percentage)

Recuperarea investiiei (exprimat n

precent)

Rool cage sequencing

Punct de rulaj temporar

Store-layout oriented picking into

roll cages in a retail warehouse.

Puncte de vnzare ce funcioneaz ca

depozite pentru rulaje n comerul cu
amnuntul.

Safety stock
Stoc de siguran

The stock which serves to offset the

effect of differences between
forecast consumption and the actual
consumption and between expected
and actual delivery times of
procurement orders. In calculating
the safety stock, account is taken of
such factors as service level,
expected fluctuations of demand
and lead time.

Stocul care servete la compensarea

diferenelor
dintre
consumul
previzionat i consumul de fapt i
dintre timpul de livrare ateptat i cel
de
fapt
pentru
achizionarea
comenzilor. n calcularea stocului de
siguran se iau n considerare factori
ca: nivelul servicului, fluctuaiile de
cerere i timpul total.

Sales
Vnzri
Sales Based Ordering
(SBO)
Comanda bazat pe
vnzri
Scale
Vnzri

The supplier-selling function.

Funcia de vnzare a furnizorului

Scan ratio
Rata de baleiere

Process of ordering based

customer off-take.

on

Procesul de comandare bazat pe

dorina clientului.

The product volume level required

in CRP in achieve significant
benefits

Nivelul volumului podusului cerut n

CRP pentru a obine beneficii
semnificative

Percentage of sales processed via a

Scan-cashier at the point of sale

Procentajul vnzrilor procesat printrun proces de baleiere la momentul

vnzrii.

35

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Search criteria
Criteriu de cutare

Factors that assist the initiating

party/firm to select a desired
strategy consistent with initial
expectations. Used to review and
evaluate inovative practices until a
specific strategy is selected and
then customized to the firms
indivudual strategic goals.

Factor ce ajut\ partea/firma ini]iatoare

de a selecta strategia dorit\ bazat\ pe
a[tept\rile ini]iale. Folosit\ pentru
revederea [i evaluarea practicilor
inovatoare p n\ c nd se selecteaz\ o
strategie eficient\ [i apoi s\ le adapteze
]intelor individuale strategice ale
firmei.

Search stage
Stadiul de cutare

The second stage in the process

component of an alliance. The
initiating party/firm seeks detailed
information on alliance practice to
determine if it is a desirable
strategy.

Al doilea stadiu `n componentele de

proces ale unei alian]e. Partea/firma
in]iatoare cere informa]ii detaliate
despre practica alian]ei pentru a [ti
dac\ strategia este cea dorit\.

Secondary expectations
Ateptrile secundare

Refinement of the goals established

under
initial
expectations.
Secondary expectations are more
detailed and identify the potential
degree of magnitude for each goal.

Rafinamentul ]intelor stabilite dup\

a[tept\rile
ini]iale.
A[tept\rile
secundare sunt mult mai detaliate [i
identific\
gradul
poten]ial
de
importan]\ pentru fiecare ]int\.

Segments (EDI)
Segmente

A segment is a group of
functionally related simple and/or
composite data elements which
must have only one specific
function, e.g. name end adress. All
segmennts must have a three-letter
tag, a segment name, a status within
the message, and a definition of its
functionality.

Un segment este un grup de date

corelate simplu i/sau compus care
trebuie s aib numai o funcie
specific, cum ar fi numele i adresa.
Toate segmentele trebuie s conin un
segmenta nume, un statut n interiorul
mesajului
i
o
definiie
a
funcionalitii

Selected partner-firm
Partenerul-firma
selectat

The firm selected by the initiating

party/firm for alliance involvement.
The initiating party/firm and the
selected partner/firm are both
involved in the last three levels of
the general alliance model.

Firma selectat\ de partea/firma

in]iatoare pentru implicarea alian]ei.
Partea/firma ini]iatoare [i partenera
firm\
selectat\
sunt
am ndou\
implicate `n ultimele trei nivele ale
managementului general al alian]ei.

Selection criteria
Criteriul de selectare

Factors that assist the initiating

party/firm to identify the strategic
and operational characteristics
required for a company to qualify
as a potential alliance partner. The
criteria serve to reduce the number
o potential candidates to facilitate
final partner selection.

Factor ce ajut\ partea/firma ini]iatoare

pentru a identifica caracteristicile
strategice [i opera]ionale cerute de o
companie pentru a o califica drept
poten]ial partener de alian]\. Acest
criteriu serve[te la reducerea num\rului
de candida]i poten]iali pentru a facilita
selectarea final\ a partenerului.

36

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Selection decision stage
Stadiul
deciziei
de
selectare

Self billing
Autofacturare

Service level
Nivelul serviciului

Ship notice/manifest
Not de transport

Shipping frequency
Frecvena transportului
Shippment status
Statutul transportului

The third stage in the process

component of an alliance. The
initiating party/firm evaluates the
small pool of candidates based on
the selection criteria and chooses a
final partner. At this point, both
firms become committed to forming
an alliance.
Settlement of payments, where no
invoice is issued by the supplier but
the retailer pays automatically upon
receipt of goods.
1. A measure showing the extent
to which customer orders can
be executed under delivery
conditiond normally accepted
in the market
2. A parameter in a model for
safety
stock
calculations
settings out the strategy to meet
the accepted risk that a
customer order is out-of-stock.
A EDI transaction in which the
shipper advises the customer of a
pending shipment. Generally this is
known as the Advance Ship Notice
(or ASN). The ASN enables the
customer to indentify short
shipments before receipt and plan
arrival at the warehouse more
efficiently.
The number of times per standard
period of time that shipments are
despatched to a certain destination.
Information on the location and
expected time of arrival for a
shipment.

Simple Data Elements

Elemente informaionale
simple

Simple data elements are used to

identify individual fields for items
of data, e.g. line number.

Social contract
Contractul social

The
unwritten,
informal
commitment
between
alliance
partners that serves as an indicator
of how effectively key contacts
function and manage the alliance.

Al treilea stadiu `n componentele

procesului unei alian]e. Partea/firma
ini]iatoare evalueaz\ lista comun\ a
candida]ilor bazat pe criteriul de
selectare [i astfel alege partenerul final.
Astfel, cele dou\ firme se angajeaz\ s\
formeze alian]a.
Stabilirea plilor unde nu este emis
factura de ctre furnizor, dar
detailistul pltete n mod automat la
primirea bunurilor.
1. O msur care arat modul n
care comenzile consumatorului pot
fi executate n condiiile de livrare
n mod normal acceptate pe pia.
2. Un paramentru n modelul
calculrii stocului de siguran
stabilind strategia care s vin n
ntmpinarea riscului acceptat ca
ordinul unui client s nu aib n
stoc.
O
tranzacie
EDI
n
care
transportatorul avertizeaz clientul de
transportul nesigur. n general acest
lucru este cunoscut ca Not paralel
de transport (ASN). Acesta permite
clientului s planifice transporturi
scurte naintea recepiei i s planifice
n mod eficient sosirea acestuia.
Numrul de timpi pe perioada standard
n perioada n care transporturile sunt
descrcate la o anume destinaie.
Informaii asupra locaiei i timpului
estimat pentru sosirea transportului.
Elementele informaionale simple sunt
folosite pentru a identifica cmpuri
individuale pentru date, numrul de
linii.
Angajament nescris [i informal dintre
partenerii alian]ei ce serve[te drept
indicator cum func]ioneaz\ [i conduce
cum func]ioneaz\ efectiv `n conducerea
alian]ei leg\turile importante.

37

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Standard Interchange
Language (SIL)
Limbaj standard de
interschimb

Simplification of exchange of data

between
systems
and
retail
application by providing a single,
comprehensive language for data
definition, manipulation and query.

Simplificarea schimbului de date ntre

sisteme i activitile detailistului prin
folosirea
unui
singur
limbaj
comprehensiv
(explicit)
pentru
definirea datelor, manipulare i altele.

Stock-Keeping
Unit
(SKU)
Unitate de meninere a
stocului

1.

1.

2.

In Europe an SKU is a
uniqualy identifiable product
available for sale at a point in
time
An item in a particular
geographic
location.
For
example, one prodct stocked at
six differet distribution centers
would reprezent six SKUs
(US)

2.

n Europa SKU este un produs

unic de identificare disponibil
pentru vnzare la un anumit punct
n timp
Un
articol
ntr-o
locaie
geografic specific. De exemplu,
un produs stocat la ase centre de
distribuie va reprezenta ase SKU
uri( n USA).

Strategic component
Componenta strategic

A vertical component of the general

alliance model that describes how
strategic
expectations
and
evaluations
of
strategic
effectiveness evolve as an alliance
progresses.

Component\
vertical\
a
managementului alian]ei care descrie
care sunt a[tept\rile strategice [i
evalu\rile efectivit\]ii strategice ca o
alian]\ de succes.

Strategic cooperation
Cooperarea strategic

An element of partner coordination.

Implies joint planning in order that
both parties share long-term
business goals (e.g., growth, new
product development) and develop
interdependence.

Element al coordon\rii partenerilor.

Implic\ planuri comune prin care
ambele p\r]i `mpart ]intele afacerilor pe
termen lung (ex. cre[terea, dezvoltarea
noilor
produse)
[i
extind
interdependen]a.

Strategic effectiveness
Efectivitatea strategic

The measure of how well the

alliance
achieves
strategic
expectations. This measure occurs
as an expectation during the
selection/decision stage and as a
perception of actual perfomance in
the
stages
of
implementation/administration and
assessment.

M\sura c t de bine realizeaz\ aliana

a[tept\rile strategice. Aceasta m\sur\
exist\ ca o a[teptare `n timpul stadiului
select\rii/deciziei [i ca percep]ie a
performan]ei actuale `n stadiile de
implementare/administrare [i evaluare.

Supplier
Furnizor

Manufacturer or broker.

Fabricant sau broker.

38

DICIONAR E.C.R.
The assemblage of all the business
activities needed to satisfy the
demand for products or services
from the initial requirement for raw
meterial or data to the final
deliveries to the end user
An integral business aproach
convering
fundamental
issues
related to the supply chain.

Ansamblul
tuturor
activitilor
necesare pentru a satisface cererea de
produse sau servicii de la cererea
iniial de materii prime sau date pn
la livrarea final la consumatorul
final.
O abordare integral a afacerii
combinnd probleme fundamentale
legate de lanul aprovizionrii.

An element of connectivity.
Facilitates ease of communication
by emphasizing how tehnology (be
it facsimile or EDI) is applied to
transfer accurate information in a
timely manner.

Element al conectivit\]ii. Facilit\]ile

u[ureaz\ la comunicare accentu nd
cum tehnologia (prin fax sau EDI) este
aplicat\ la transferul clar de informa]ii
`n timp util

Third party
O ter parte

An independent organization that

offers a service that links a supplier
and a distributor in some way: the
term can apply to providers of EDI,
warehousing or logistics services.

O organizaie independent ce ofer

servicii care leag ntr-un anumit mod
un furnizor i un distribuitor ntr-o
anumit direcie: termenul furnizorilor
EDI, depozitrii i serviciilor logistice

Third party logistics

Ter parte n logistic

A provider of logistics services

(e.g., warehousing, transportation)
to either a supplier or distributor.

Un furnizor al logisticii serviciilor (ex.

Depozitare, transport) ctre oricare
furnizor sau distribuitor

TL

Truckload.

ncrctura comercial a camionului.

TRADACOMS
TRADACOMS

EDI massaje standards developed

by ANA (q.v.) for UK trade, based
on the United Nations TDI syntax.

Standarde de mesaje EDI dezvoltate de

ctre ANA pentru comerul din Marea
Britanie, bazat pe sintaxa TDI a
Naiunilor Unite

Trade date interchange

(TDI)
Interschimbul
de
informaii cu specific
comercial

The syntax of grammar underlyng

the TRADACOMS EDI standards.
Developed
by
STIPRO
for
international trade applications, the
full name is the UN Economic
Commission
for
European
Guidelines
for
Trade
Date
Interchange.

Regulile de sintaxa i gramatic

subliniind standardele TRADACOMS
EDI. Dezvoltat de ctre STIPRO
pentru
operaiunile
de
comer
internaionale, numele complet este
Comisia Economic European pentru
Directive Europene n Interschimbul de
Date Comerciale.

Supply chain
Lanul de livrare

Supply
chain
management (SCM)
Managementul lanului
de livrare
Technology adoption
Adoptarea tehnologiei

39

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Trading partner
Partenerii comerciali

A company with whom a CRP

relationship is formed; specifically,
the sending or receiving party
involved in the exchange of
business documents via EDI.

O companie ale crei relaii de CRP

sunt formate deja n special partea
distribuitore ori primitoare implicat
n schimbul reciproc de documente de
afaceri prin EDI.

Transation Set
Set de tranzacii

The data that is exchanged in

specifically defined segments in
order to represent a business
document (e.g. purchase order).

Informaiile ce sunt schimbate pe

segmente definite n mod special pentru
a reprezenta un document al afacerilor
(comand de aprovizionare).

Transit time
Timpul de tranzit
Transportation/
warehousing
Transport/depozitare

Time between carrier pick-up and

the time the freight is delivered
Business functions to store, receive,
ship and deliver product.

Timpul dintre ridicarea mrfii de

transportator i timpul de livrare.
Funcii comerciale de stocare, primire,
expediere i livrarea produsului.

Trust
ncrederea

Consists of qualitative assessment

of characteristics inherent in each
partners
philosophy
or
organizational culture (characterbased trust) as well as quantitative
assessment of actual behavior and
operating
performance
(competence-based trust).

Const\ `n evaluarea calitativ\ a

caracteristicilor inerente din filozofia
fiec\rui
partener
sau
cultura
organiza]ional\ (`ncrederea bazat\ pe
caracter)
precum
[i
aprecierea
cantitativ\ a comportamentului actual
[i a performan]elor opera]ionale
(`ncrederea bazat\ pe competen]\)

UCC/EAN-128
(also
known as UCC-128)
UCC/EAN-128 (cunoscut
i ca UCC-128)

Bar code symbols and data formats

used for primary and secondary
product identification. Primary
identification consist of two
formats: The Serial Shipping
Container Code and the UPC
Shipping Container Code. The
Serial Shipping Container Code is
an 18 digit code for the unique
identification of individual mixed
merchandise shipping containter,
tipically used in conjuction with an
EDI Advance Shipping Notice
transaction. The UPC Shipping
Container Code is a l-digit code
used to identify a standard pack or
standard case.
The body that administers the
Uniform Product Code (UPC)
system in North America.

Simboluri de coduri cu bare i formate

de date folosite pentru identificarea
primar i secundar a produsului.
Identificarea primar const n dou
forme: codul serial de container de
transport i codul de container
transportator UPC. Codul serial de
container transportator este unul de 18
caractere pentru identificarea unic a
unui container de mrfuri, folosit n
combinaie cu not de tranzacie
prealabil EDI. Codul de container
transportator este unicaracter, folosit
pentru
identificarea
pachetelor,
loturilor standard.

Uniform Code Council

(UCC)
Consiliul
Codificrii
Uniforme

Un organism ce administreaz
Sistemul de Codificare a Produsului n
America de Nord.

40

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Set of standard transactions for the
grocery
industry
allowing
computer-to-computer,
paperless
exchange of documents between
trading partners.
Any of the specification published
by
automatic
identification
manufacturers (AIM) for encoding,
printing and verifiying bar code
symbols, in order to provide
common standards for users in
different applications.
Refers to the particular type of
alliance under examination (e.g.
manufacturer-material
supplier,
manufacturer-distributor
or
manufacturer-service
supplier).
Each dissertation conducted the
reaserch from a unique channel
focus.

Set de tranzacii standard pentru

industria
gross-ului
permind
schimbul de documente ntre partenerii
de comer, computer-computer, fr
folosirea hrtiilor.
Oricare dintre specificaiile publicate
prin
indentificare
automat
a
manufacturilor
(AIM)
pentru
codificare, tiprire i verificarea
simbolurilor-cod cu bare, n scopul
oferirii unor standarde comune pentru
utilizatori n diferite aplicaii.
Se refer\ la un tip de alian]\ particular
supus examin\rii (ex. furnizor de
material prelucrat, distribuitor
produc\tor sau furnizor de servicii
prelucrate).Fiecare dizerta]ie conduce
cercetarea c\tre un canal unic focalizat.

United front
Front unit

The
business
and
personal
relationship that develops between
firmskey contacts in an alliance
and represents a key component of
the social contract for the alliance.
The contacts frequently become
more loyal to each other and/or to
the alliance than to their respective
firms.

Afaceri [i rela]ii personale ce se

dezvolt\ n contactele cheie ale firmei
dintr-o alian]\ [i reprezint\ o
component\ cheie al unui contract
social pentru alian]\. Contactele tot mai
frecvente devin mai loiale `ntre ele [i
alian]ei, dec\t firmelor respective.

Universal
Product
Code (UPC)
Cod de produs universal
(UPC)

A numbering and bar coding

system for product identification of
consumer items, tipically scanned
at the retail point of sale in the
USA. The international equivalet
(of which UPC is technically a
subset) in the European Article
Number (EAN) system.
See Network

Un sistem de numrare i codificare cu

bare pentru identificare produsului
scanat tipic la punctul de vnzare al
detailistului n USA. Echivalentul
universal este sistemul european de
numerotare a articolului (EAN).

See Network

Vezi Reea

Uniform
Communication
Standard (UCS)
Standarde
de
Comunicare Uniforme
Uniform
Symbology
Specification (USS)
Specificaie simbologic
uniform

Unique channel focus

Concentrarea pe canale
unice

Value Added Network

Service (VADNS)
Serviciul de reea a
valorii adugate
Value Added Data
Service (VADS)
Serviciul informaional
al valorii adugate

Vezi Reea

41

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Value Added Network
(VAN)
Reea a valorii adugate

A company that acts as a clearing

house for electronic transactions
between trading partners.

O companie care acioneaz ca un

centru de clearing al tranzaciilor
electronice ntre partenerii comerciali.

Value Chain
Lan valoric

A series of activities which together

define a business process; the series
of activities form manufacturers to
the retail stores that define the
industry supply chain.

O serie de activiti care definesc

mpreun un proces al afacerilor;
seriile de activiti de la manufacturi la
magazinele detailistului care definesc
lanul de aprovizionare al industriei.

Value Chain Analysis

(VCA)
Analiza lanului valoric

A financial tool for identifying and

quantifying
cost-reduction
opportunities within the supply
chain.
Activities or processes not typically
considerend part of the firms basic
service package that are offered to
key customers.

Un instrument financiar pentru

identificarea
i
cuantificarea
oportunitilor de reducere a costurilor
n cadrul lanului de aprovizionare.
Activit\]i sau procese neconsiderate `n
mod tipic parte a pachetului ,punctului
de servicii de baz\ ale firmei care e
oferit clien]ilor cheie.

Method to optimize loading and

utilization
of
transportation
vehicles.
A supplier of products or services.

Metod de optimizare a ncrcturii i

utilizrii vehicolelor de transport

Vendor
period-end
loading
ncrcarea vnztorului
din faza final

The practice of pushing product

from the supplier to distributor,
motivated
by
period-end
performance measures.

Practica de mpingere a produsului de

la furnizor la distribuitor, motivat de
performan]ele m\surate `n perioadele
finale.

Vertical integration
Integrarea vertical

The internal coordination and

control of products and/or services
(e.g.
production,
distribution,
marketing)
within
a
single
organization. Strategic alternative
to outsourcing

Coordonarea [i controlul intern al

produselor/serviciilor
(ex.produc]ia,
distribu]ia,
marketingul)
dintr-o
organiza]ie.
Este
o
alternativ\
strategic\ ce folose[te surse externe.

VMI
VMR

Vendor-managed inventory.
Vendor-managed replenishment.

Inventarul condus de vnztor.

Reaprovizionarea condus de vnztor.

Value-added services
Servicii
de
valoare
adugat

Vehicle Optimization
Optimizarea vehicolului
Vendor
Vnztorul

Furnizor de produse[i servicii.

42

DICIONAR E.C.R.
Voluntary
InterIndustry
Communications
Standards (VICS)
Standardele
comunicasionale
voluntare

EDI messagee standards for

marketing products and shipping
containers
in
the
mass
merchandising,
apparel
and
department store industries. VICS
is maintained by the VICS Group,
subset of the ANSI Accredited
Standards Committee X12 (q.v.)
composed of general merchandise
and apparel retailers manufactures.

Standarde de mesaje EDI pentru

produse de marketing i containere
transportatoare n merchandisingul de
mas i industria magazinelor. VICS
este susinut de ctre grupul VICS;
suborganism
al
Comitetului
Standardelor Acreditate ANSI X12
compus din detailitii productorilor
de mrfuri generale i aparate.

Warehouse
Information Network
Standard (WINS)
Standarde
de
reea
informaionale
ale
depozitelor
Werehouse
Management System

A message and communications

standard used in the warehouse
industry in the USA and compatible
with UCS

Un standard comunicaional i de
mesaje folosit n industria depozitelor
n USA i compatibil cu UCS.

Warehouse control software for

storage, retrieval, shipping and
stock control.

Controlul software de depozitare

pentru stocare, recuperare, transport i
controlul stocului.

43