N = no of equal cubes.

Eg 2 lines = 3 cubes
3 lines = 4 cubes
Percentage equivalent method
For any thing that is inversely proportionate ( ex Speed and Time) increase results in
1/3 decrease

Above we assumed 4 km / hr to be the original speed thus the increase of and decrease of
1/3
Therefore : 1/ x increase will result in 1/(x+1) decrease.

Can be used for Area

For Time & Work

Numbers ending in 5: to find out the last 2 digits

Odd nos in tens digit ^ even power always ends with 25
Odd nos in tens digit ^ odd always ends with 75
Even no on tens ^ odd/even always ends with 25
Numbers ending in 1, to find out the last 2 digits
Odd/ even no power units digit is always 1
31^67 = last digit will be 1. tens digit = 3*7 --- 1
41^23 = last digit will be 1. tens digit = 4*3 ---- 2
41^ 22 = last digit will be 1. tens digit = 4 * 2 --- 8
Other digits only focusing on last 2 digits

37^2 * 37^2 we got 69 because 37 = (50 13) --- 13 ^2 = 69

Similarly 69 = 50 + 19 ----- 19 * 19 last 2 digits = 61
Take only the last 2 digits even if its a higher digit no. ie for 131 ..consider only 3

Even Nos

We will discuss the last two digits of numbers

ending with the following digits in sets:
a) 1
b) 3,7&9
c) 2, 4,6&8
d) 5
a) Number ending with 1:
Ex : Find the last 2 digits of 31^786
Now, multiply the 10s digit of the number with
the last digit of exponent
31^786=3*6=18 ==> 8 is the 10s digit.
Units digit is obviously 1
So, last 2 digits are => 81
b) Number ending with 3 ,7 & 9:
Ex: Find last 2 digits of 19^266
We need to get this in such as way that the
base has last digit as 1
19^266 = (19^2)^133 = 361^133
Now, follow the previous method => 6 * 3 = 18 = 18
8 is 10s digit.
So, last two digits are => 81
Remember:
3^4=81
7^4=2401
9^2 = 81
Ex 2: Find last two digits of 33^288
Now, 33^288 = (33^4)^72 = (xx21 )^72
Tens digit is -> 2*2 = 04 -> 4
So, last two digits are => 41
Ex 3: find last 2 digits of 87^474
(87^2)*(87^4)^118 => (xx69) * (xx61 )^118 ==> (6 x 8 = 48 ==> 8 is 10s digit)
=> (xx69)*(81)
So, last two digits are 89
c)Ending with 2, 4, 6 or 8:
Here, we use the fact that 76 power any
number gives 76. i.e 76^n = ...xxx76 (e.g. 76^2 = 5,776, 76^3 = 438,976)
We also need to remember that,
24^2 = xx76
2^10 xx24
24^even = xx76
24^odd = xx24

Ex: Find the last two digits of 2^543

2^543 = ((2^10)^54) * (2^3)
= ((xx24)54)* 8
= ((xx76)^27)*8
76 power any number is 76
Which gives last digits as => 76 * 8 = 608
So last two digits are : 08
c)Ending with 5:
5 has its own special cases:
The tens digit of a number raised to a power changes based on tens digits of the number
itself. Say, we have following number: 05, 15, 25, 35
say-->
x = 05
x^2 = 25
x^3 = 125
x^4 = 625
as the tens digit of x is 0(i.e. even), last two digits has to be 25.
x = 15
x^2 = 225
x^3 = 3375
x^4 = 50625
x^5 = 759375
as the tens digit of x is 1(i.e. odd), last two digits repeats after every 2 iterations. It follows
pattern of 25,75,25,75...so on.
x = 25
x^2 = 625
x^3 = ..XX25
x^4 = ..XX25
x^5 = ..XX25
as the tens digit of x is 0(i.e. even), last two digits has to be 25.
x = 35
x^2 = 1225
x^3 = ..XX75
x^4 = ..XX25
x^5 = ..XX75
as the tens digit of x is 3(i.e. odd), last two digits repeats after every 2 iterations. It follows
pattern of 25,75,25,75...so on
From above, we see that
(1) if number's 10s digit is even, then last digit will always has to be 25.
(2) if number's 10s digit is odd, then last digit will always has to be in cyclic pattern of 25,
75,25,75 and so on...