Professional Documents
Culture Documents
be well-levelled and be free from crop stubbles. One deep ploughing with
mould board plough followed by two harrowing or two ploughings with local
plough is sufficient. There should be optimum moisture in the field at the
time of sowing.
Spacing and method of showing:- Dropping seeds behind the plough is
a traditional method of sowing in or throwing the seed in the field.
Fertilizer Management:Modern :-
Seed Variety:1)
2)
3)
4)
JS-335
JS-9305
TMS-9805
TMS-9305
Germination Test:- Take 100 seeds which has to be sown put them in a wet
cloth for 24-48 hrs and see out of 100 how many seeds are germinated And
calculate the Percentage of germination of seeds .Germination test helps to
decide the quantity of the seeds to be sown per acre.
Sr.no
1.
2.
3.
Germination % of seeds
90
80
70
Quantity/acer
20
25
30
Treatment of the seed :To reduce the fungal attack the seed should be
treated prior to sowing with fungicides like Thiram at the rate of 4.5g per Kg
of seed. For efficient biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen it is essential
that soybean seeds should be inoculated with suitable strain of Rhizobium
japonicum. Peat base Rhizobium culture is best for this purpose. This should
be used at the rate of 0.5kg per 70kg seed. Moist the seed with water and
mix the culture uniformly in shade just before sowing. Always use fresh
Rhizobium culture. In case of virgin field where soybean has not been growth
earlier the rate of culture should be five or ten times than the normal dose.
:Weed Control: Soybean is very sensitive to early weed competition. Weed Infestation in soybean field may
reduce yield by 40-45 per cent depending upon the intensity, nature, and the duration of weed competition. The
annual grasses, leaved weed are the major problems in soybean fields.
To avoid competition during the early growth stages, soybean field should be kept free of weed for the first 30-40
days after sowing. The weeds that emerge 30-40 days after sowing are smothered by the crop. Mechanical as well
as chemical methods are adopted for control of weeds in soybean field.The mechanical methods include use of
khurpi, spade hand hoe etc. Two manual weeding 20 and 40-45 days after sowing are generally sufficient for
control of weed. Manual weeding accomplished the job effectively, but it is a time consuming job and on a large
scale it becomes difficult to control the weed in time. Another problem is that during rainy season due to
continuous rains weed control operation is not completed at the right time. Under such circumstances use of
herbicides have been found very effective. Following herbicides can be used in soybean fields:
Pendimethalin: It is used as pre-emergence selective herbicide and is effective for controlling most of the annual
grasses and broad-leaved weed in soybean fields. The herbicide should be applied at the rate of 1.5Liter in 300-400
liter of water per acer before the emergence of weed and the crop. Sufficient moisture in the upper soil surface is
required for the activation of this herbicide.
The above mentioned herbicides have no residual toxicity. Spraying should be uniform and no area should be
repeated sprayed.
Fertilizers
:-
Urea
90kg super phosphate
15kgmurate of potash
Per acer
For obtaining good yields of soybean apply 15-20 tonnes of farms yard manure or compost per hectare. A good
crop of soybean yielding about 30 quintals per hectare will remove about 300 kg nitrogen per hectare from the soil.
But soybean being a legume crop has the ability to supply their own nitrogen needs provided they have been
inoculated and there is efficient nodulation in the plant. An applications of 20-30 kg nitrogen per hectare as a
starter dose will be sufficient to meet the nitrogen requirement of the crop in the initial stage in low fertility soils
having poor organic matter.
Soybean requires relatively large amounts of phosphorus than other crops. Phosphorus is taken up by soybean
plant throughout the growing season. The period of great demand starts just before the pods begin to form and
continues until about ten days before the seeds are fully developed. The soil should be tested for the availability
status of phosphorus. In the absence of soil test apply 70-80 kg P2O5 per hectare to meet the requirement of the
crop. With the application of phosphorus the number and density of nodules are stimulated and the bacteria
become more mobile.
Soybean also requires a relatively large amount of potassium than other crops. A crop of soybean yielding 30
quintals per hectare will remove about 100 kg potassium from the soil. The rate of potassium uptake climbs to a
peak during the period of rapid vegetative growth then slows down about the time the bean begins to form. Soil
test is the best guide for the application of potash in the soil. In the absence of soil test apply 50-60 kg KO per
hectare. The fertilizers should preferably be placed, at sowing time; about 5-7 centimeters away from the seed at a
depth of 5-7 centimeter from seed level.
Water management
Diseases control :-
Table-1: Costs and returns Associated with Improved and traditional Soybean
Farming