Related Literature

The concepts and the possible connections to our topic involves

the variables that defines and to understand more about the Self-esteem,
Academic Motivation and Social personality. Self-esteem of a person is a
confidence and satisfaction in oneself. Academic motivation is related to a
child who is academically motivated wants to learn, believing that school is
important and develops to do well in school. Keeping good parent-child
relationships and letting your child know that you think school is important
can enhance academic effort. Social personality directed towards society or
taking place between members of the same species and it defines the child
emotional feelings towards to their parents, friends, and classmates. Selfesteem is a persons overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth. One
person may have self-esteem that is highly contingent on doing well in
school and being physically attractive, whereas another may have selfesteem that is contingent on being loved by God and adhering to moral
standards. The first person will feel high self-esteem when made to feel
smart and good-looking, the second person when made to feel moral.
(Jennifer Crocker and Connie Wolfe 2001) In our society, young adult also
wants to have a place to call home where their parents or family is in there.
But orphan hood or no home or families is a challenge for them to feel
struggle at an early age. Being alone creates a loss of self-esteem and
security. (Dirk P. Mattson 2014) Early studies documented the adverse
effects that long-term institutional care had on young childrens emotional,
social, and cognitive development. Today, studies continue to affirm that
orphanage care is an unsatisfactory option for young children who cannot
remain with their own families. (Goldfard, Bowlby, Provence, Lipton, Spitz)

Related Studies

The purpose of these studies was to find out the relationship

between the Self-esteem, Academic motivation and Social personality among
orphans and non-orphans.

From the study of Behaviour problems in

Children adopted from Socially-emotionally depriving Orphanages, the study

shows that the orphans who are socially-emotionally had significantly higher
rates of attention problems and aggressive behaviour than parent-readied
children. Greater time in an orphanage was associated with higher rates of
attention problems, aggressive behaviour, social problems and internalizing
problems. There were low rates of behaviour problems among preschool-age
socially-emotionally deprived children. When considered relative to results
for school-age children, this suggests that behaviour problems emerge at
later ages in children who were adopted from socially-emotionally depriving
orphanages. These results are consistent with those of some prior studies
(Tizard & Rees, 1975; Rutter et al., 2007) but not others (Fisher et al., 1997).
Since globally deprived children experienced a range of early adversities, it is
not possible to be very specific about which aspect of this more severe
orphanage environment may have contributed to their increased behaviour
problem rates. From the study of Psychological effect on Orphan hood: A
study of Orphans in Rakal district, The study shows that these children who
have bottled up this bad experience and pushed it into the unconscious to be
forgotten. Because they have not allowed themselves to deal with this
experience, it still remains painful for them to talk about it. These children
need to be helped to accept the bad experience of their parents death so

that they feel free to discuss it. It is only if they can look back to the life of
the deceased, and talk or even joke about it, that the bereaved can be said
to have overcome grief. Inability to discuss the deceased is an indication that
the grieving process has not been completed. Loss of loved ones, particularly
during childhood, brings with it depressive thoughts and feelings among
which are sadness, anger and guilt. These are normal feelings at the time of
bereavement. However, with the passage of time, and as the individual
accepts the loss, the negative emotions are expected to disappear. In this
study, children were asked whether they were angry about their parents
death and whether they blamed their parents for their death. It may affect
the children self-esteem and social behaviour. From the study of Differences
in Self-esteem of Orphan Children and Children living with their Parents, the
study shows that the orphan children reported lower self-esteem as
compared to the children living with their parents probably due to loss of
their parents. These findings are consistent with those of the prior
researches. The orphan children have lower self-esteem and are at higher
risk for developing severe mental health problems and social maladjustment
than children of the same age living with their biological families in the
general population. Their study also indicated that many international
adoptees are confused about their racial and ethnic identity and face
difficulties in handling bias and discrimination. They further argue that the
international adoptees may have a better adjustment if their adoptive
parents are sensitive and appropriately responsive to issues related to their

adopted child's race, ethnicity, and culture. The study shows that it affects
orphan children behaviour about the loss of their parents and having a low
self-esteem. From the study of Factors which contribute to Orphan hood
learners

Academic

achievements,

the

study

shows

that

Collecting

information from children, educators and communities who are experiencing

death and who seem to be surviving might assist in developing strategies for
promoting resilience of orphaned learners. A recent article in the Newcastle
and District advertiser revealed that two children were placed in an
orphanage where they began to 'live a semi normal life'. This semi- normal
life meant a life where children live with a stranger who becomes a guardian.
Separated from family members, relatives, siblings and the community in
which the child grew up when the parents were still alive, and how it can
affect to children behaviour.

From the study Vulnerable children-

implementation of spatial properties by means of imagination & creativity,

the purpose of this study is to investigate the implementations of spatial
properties, on vulnerable children, via the means of imagination and
creativity. There is no doubt that there are good and bad orphanages in the
world and no matter what people believe, orphanages cannot vanish given
that there are a lot of children out in the world left all alone and unprotected.
So, what people need to do rather than fighting is to re-evaluate
orphanages so from a cold accommodation becomes a home. Different case
studies such as the SOS Childrens Village or the Amsterdam Orphanage
have shown that it is possible for orphans to live happy in an orphanage so

what should be done is positive and even the negative outcomes from these
cases should be taken into consideration in order for other orphanages to
improve the living conditions of orphans. From the study, The effects of
early social-emotional and relationship experience on the development of
young orphanage children, The evidence reviewed is mostly circumstantial,
whereas the results of the current study contribute more directly to the
conclusion that the behavioural environment of the orphanage is likely to be
a crucial contributor to delayed environment of children residing there and
perhaps to long-term extreme problem behaviour after adoption.

preliminary examination of reports by highly advantaged parents who

adopted from these same orphanages before these interventions (Merz,
2007; Merz and McCall, 2007-2008) show a pattern of extreme problem
behaviour on the Child Behaviour Checklist similar in profile to children from
globally deficient orphanages (Groze & Ileana, 1996; Gunnar, 2001; Maclean,
2003) and those from unselected institutions throughout the world (Gunnar
et al., 2007).
Lastly, from the study of Orphan hood students Self-esteem and their
relationship between Socio-economic status among secondary school
students in three districts of central Kenya, the study shows that the
children having high self-esteem is important because it helps one to hold
the head high and feel proud of oneself, have courage to try new things and
the power to believe in oneself, is more co-operative, enthusiastic, assertive,
respective and have hope. The people with low self-esteem avoid trying new

things, feel unloved and unwanted, pretend to feel emotionally indifferent,

are unable to tolerate a normal level of frustration and are easily influenced.
Other children had a Failure to attend school makes them extremely
susceptible to exploitation and abuse at the hands of people who appear to
be well meaning. Moreover, orphans are more vulnerable and have lower
standard of living than an average person. Their future is likely to be quite
uncertain and the negative implications are intensified with lack of education
as well as financial scarcity. This study shows that it has an effect to a child
that tackles a rough road to their life journey, which may affect their
behaviour to others.