THREE YEAR ARABIC & ISLAMIC

STUDIES COURSE

N A W - S Y N TA X 1

2014 1435/36

[A]

First Steps in Arabic Grammar

1. The Arabic Alphabet and Diacritical Marks

2. Classification of words in Arabic
3. Definite and Indefinite Nouns
4. Feminine Nouns
5. Dual Nouns [Masculine and Feminine]
6. Sound Masculine Plural
7. Sound Feminine Plural
8. The Adjective
9. The Nominal Sentence
10. Prepositions
11. The Verbal Sentence
12.

fah Construction

13. Pronouns:
a. Personal Pronouns
i. Detached, Marf`
ii. Attached, Majrr &
iii. Detached,

b. Relative Pronouns
c. Interrogative Pronouns
d. Demonstrative Pronouns

Lesson One

Arabic Terminology

Lesson Two
[A]

Classification of Words in Arabic

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[B]

Indefinite and Definite Nouns

Drop
One
Sign

Add

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[C]

Masculine & Feminine

Types of Feminine Words:

1.

Eg.:

2. Feminine by Nature

Eg.:

3. Body Parts in Pairs

Eg.:

4. As heard from the Arabs

Eg.:

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Lesson Three

NUMBERS
SING.

DUAL

PLURAL
BROKEN
SOUND

[A]

The Dual

Note: The T

rbtah [Rounded T] will be written as a flat T in the feminine dual

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[B]

The Plurals

There are two types of plurals:

1. The Sound Plural:
It is called Sound because the form of the singular remains sound and intact.
It is further classified into Sound Masculine Plural and Sound Feminine Plural.
2. The Broken Plural:
It is called Broken since the form of the singular is broken and interfered with.
TYPE OF PLURAL
Sound
Broken

SINGULAR

PLURAL

EXPLANATION
The form of the singular
remains intact when forming
the plural
The Alif from the singular is
dropped, hence its form has
changed when converting it to
plural

The Sound Masculine Plural

The Sound Feminine Plural

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Lesson Four

Exercise 4.1:
1. Answer the following questions:
a) How is an indefinite noun identified?
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b) What is a

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c) Is it possible for a and an

to appear together on a word? Why?

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2. Change the following indefinite nouns into definite ones:

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3. Change the following definite nouns into indefinite ones:

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Exercise 4.2:
1. State the type of feminine nouns that the following fall into:

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Exercise 4.3:
1. Why are sound plurals called sound plurals?
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2. Convert the following singular nouns into duals:

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3. Convert the following singular nouns into sound masculine plurals:

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4. Convert the following singular nouns into sound feminine plurals:

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Lesson Five

The Adjective

The Adjective
It follows the word it describes
in four aspects;
Gender
Indefinite and Definite
Number
Sign

The Noun is the word

being described.
In this example both words are:
Gender Masculine
Indefinite and Definite Definite
Number Singular
Sign have (ammah)

Some Examples:

The successful students were elated.

A tall boy wrote a letter.
The well-mannered girl sat.
The pious Muslims prayed.
Intelligent students (f) came.

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Lesson Six

The Nominal Sentence

GENDER
MASCULINE
FEMININE

MASCULINE
FEMININE

THE ADJECTIVAL PHRASE

ARABIC

ENGLISH
A beautiful Masjid
A beautiful car

A pious Muslim
A pious female
Muslim

THE NOMINAL SENTENCE

ARABIC

ENGLISH
The Masjid is
beautiful.
The car is beautiful.

The Muslim is
pious.
The Muslim female
is pious

The Predicate will be

indefinite

The Subject will be

definite

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Lesson Seven

Prepositions

Preposition

Causes the noun that

follows it to take
kasrah

Examples

Preposition

Meaning

from

in, regarding

from, about,
regarding

on

upto, towards

I returned from the journey.

Zaid is in the house.
I asked about his condition.
The pen is on the table.
I travelled to Madinah.

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Lesson Eight

The Verbal Sentence

Object/Recipient of
the action.
Will take a fathah.

The Subject/Doer of
the action.
Will take a ammah.

Sentence begins with

a Verb/Action word

The Subject/Doer of
the action.
Will take a ammah.

In the case of an
intransitive verb, there
would be no object.

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Lesson Nine
The Possessive Phrase

Could be definite or indefinite

Always takes a Kasrah/ Kasratn

The Translation:

Does not take an

Does not take a double sign

Will be definite

The house of Allah or Allahs house

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Lesson Ten

Personal Pronouns

Attached

Detached

NUMBER

GENDER

PERSON

SING.
DUAL

MASC.

PL.
3rd
SING.
DUAL

FEM.

PL.

SING.
DUAL

MASC.

PL.
2nd
SING.
DUAL

FEM.

PL.

SING.
PL.

MASC./
FEM.

1st

Lesson Eleven

Demonstrative Pronouns

Near

Singular
Dual
Plural

Far

Feminine

Masculine

Feminine

Masculine

Examples:
Masculine

Translation

Feminine

Translation

This is a Masjid

This is a school

This Masjid/
This is the Masjid

This school/
This is the school

This is a big Masjid

This is a big school

This big Masjid/

This is the big Masjid

This big school/

This is the big school

This big Masjid is

beautiful

This big school is

beautiful

Lesson Twelve
Relative Pronouns

Translation

Masculine

Feminine

The one who /

That which

Those two who /

Those two which

Those who /
Those things which

Singular

Dual

/
/

Plural

Examples:

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Lesson Thirteen
Interrogative Pronouns

Translation: Who is this?

Interrogative Pronouns
are used to pose questions.

Is/Are
What
Who

When

Where
How
How many
How much
How
When
Where
Which (of)