The United Methodist Church

ECUMENICAL CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Department of Nursing
COMPETENCY APPRAISAL 2
NURSING RESEARCH
2nd Semester 2013-2014
Multiple Choice: Read each statement carefully and shade the letter of choice in
the answer sheet provided. Avoid Erasures and Superimpositions.
1. Which of the following items distinguishes true experimental research from quasiexperimental research?
A. Size of sample
C. Random assignment of subjects to groups
B. The use of non-probability sample
D. The introduction of an experimental
treatment
2. Which of the following designs would be most appropriate to use in trying to determine if
clients low back pain changes after they were taught an exercise to help correct back
alignment?
A. One-group pretest-posttest design
C. One-shot case study
B. Posttest-only control group design
D. Pretest-posttest control group design
3. A researcher is studying the use of a new realistic model of the heart to teach people what
happens during a heart attack. Two weeks later she will test their recall of the information
taught. Which of the following situations that might occur during the study would concern
the researcher most about the validity of her study?
A. A television celebrity had a heart attack and later announced on television that it is
important for
the people to understand how their heart functions.
B. Two of the study participants drop out of the study
C. The researcher has just learned that the new realistic heart model has increased in
price.
D. The agency released a report that the number of heart attacks has increased
slightly in the last
5 years.
4. Collecting data from a sample to determine the characteristics of a population is the
purpose of what type of research?
A. Correlational
C. Methodological
B. Survey
D. Quasi-experimental
5. Ex post facto studies are also called
A. Prospective
C. Longitudinal
B. Retrospective
D. Descriptive
6. A researcher wants to use a true experimental design in her study. However, which of the
following circumstances would require the use of a quasi-experimental design rather than a
true experimental design?
A. The researcher is going the administer a pretest to study participants
B. It will not be possible for the researcher to use random sampling to obtain study
participants
C. The health care agency will not allow the researcher to assign study participants to
groups
randomly
D. The study will use a longitudinal design
7. Which of the following types of studies is considered a qualitative study?
A. Correlational
C. Comparative
B. Ethnographic
D. Methodological
8. Grounded theory research was developed by two
A. Nurses
C. Psychologists
B. Physicians
D. Sociologists.
9. Which of the following statements is true concerning the examination of the historical
research?
A. Internal criticism should be considered before external criticism
B. External criticism should be considered before internal criticism
C. Internal criticism should only be considered
D. External criticism should only be considered
10. Case studies may concern an in-depth examination of

A. Individuals
C. Institutions
B. Groups of peoples
D. All of the above
11. Consider this title: The Live Experience of Surviving a Tornado. This title would
indicate which of the following types of qualitative research?
A. Ethnographic
C. Historical
B. Phenomenological
D. Grounded theory
12. Which type of qualitative research approach would be most appropriate to study nurses
involvement in bringing about a change in the type of forms used to record patient data?
A. Action
C. Phenomenological
B. Ethnographic
D. Historical
13. The review of the literature in qualitative research is
A. Never conducted prior to the beginning of the study
B. Sometimes conducted prior to the beginning of the study
C. Always conducted prior to the beginning of the study
D. Only conducted at the end of the study
14. Florence Nightingale, a lady with a lamp, was involved in what type of qualitative
research?
A. Action
C. Historical
B. Ethnographic
D. Phenomenological
15. Which type(s) of qualitative research has or have been conducted by nurses?
A. Ethnographic
C. Phenomenological
B. Historical
D. All of the above
16. Which of the following is an advantage of an interview method of data collection versus a
questionnaire?
A. Data are less expensive to obtain
B. The collected data tend to be more complete
C. Data collectors do not need to be trained
D. Data may be collected more easily from a widespread geographical area.
17. A purpose of observation research is to
A. Determine beliefs of people
C. Obtain examples of peoples behaviors
B. Examine attitudes of people
D. Analyze personal experiences of
people.
18. A researcher wants to determine future priorities for research in psychiatric nursing. The
participants will be clinical specialists in psychiatric nursing. Which of the following datacollection methods would probably be used?
A. Projective technique
C. Delphi technique
B. Observation
D. Semantic differential
19. Which of the following data-collection methods is most likely to obtain objective data?
A. Observational methods
C. Physiological measures
B. Questionnaires
D. Interviews
20. Which of the following data collection methods is most likely to prevent participants from
providing socially acceptable responses to questions?
A. Attitude scales
C. Self-report questionnaires
B. Projective techniques
D. Interviews
21. If a researcher were planning a qualitative study, which of the following data collection
methods do you think would most likely be considered?
A. Close-ended questions and nonparticipants observation
B. Participants observations and semistructured interviews
C. Structured interviews and physiological measures
D. Closed-ended questions and structured interviews
22. When both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used simultaneously in the
same study, this procedure is called
A. Triangulation
C. Multimethod/multitrait
B. Meta-analysis
D. Methodological plurality
23. Which of the following statements is true when comparing qualitative research to
quantitative research?
A. Qualitative research is easier to conduct than quantitative research
B. The amount of data to be analyzed is usually greater in qualitative studies than in
quantitative
C. The amount of time needed to conduct a qualitative study is usually less than in a
quantitative
D. Qualitative research most frequently uses a deductive approach, whereas
quantitative research

uses an inductive approach.

24. Ms. Chen wants to know the coping abilities of female patients who are newly diagnosed
to have terminal cancer. She has decided to focus on the meaning of their experiences of
coping. Which of the following research designs is the most appropriate?
A. Ethnography
C. Grounded theory study
B. Phenomenology
D. Case study
25. Since Ms. Chen prospective study participants are women, she will be guided by the
principles in Feminist Research. The researchers awareness of her feelings and behavior and
how these might affect the data is referred to as:
A. Intuition
C. Sensitivity
B. Cognition
D. Reflexivity
26. Since this is a qualitative research, Ms. Chen will have to be aware of the special
relationship between the participant and the researcher. This means that:
A. Data are confidential
C. Data are reviewed quickly with the
participants
B. Participants are considered colleagues
D. Social behavior is not important for
the researcher
27. Ms. Chen can also use an in-depth investigation on small number of participants to
capture their interesting and unique stories about coping with cancer. The approach is known
as:
A. Case study
C. Ethnography
B. Historical study
D. Phenomenology
28. What is the most important characteristic of a sample?
A. Appropriate number
C. Representativeness
B. Appropriate location
D. Randomization
29. In a study such as this, the qualitative sampling focuses on:
A. The number of the sample
C. Incidents in the lives of study
participants
B. The experiences of research
D. Obtaining a large number of
participants
30. Ms. Chen is also interested to develop a theory based on observed processes among
female patients who are newly diagnosed with terminal cancer. Which of the following types
of research is appropriate?
A. Phenomenological
C. Grounded theory
B. Ethnographic
D. Case study
31. Researcher Theresa conducted a research work on the behaviors of amputated patients
from operation to two years after hospital discharge as they passed through the stages of loss
and grieving. The appropriate sampling method used by Theresa was:
A. Systemic sampling
C. Longitudinal sampling
B. Cluster sampling
D. Random sampling
32. When the samples are chosen in a qualitative research, the most appropriate technique
is:
A. Purposive
C. Convenience
B. Snow-ball
D. Quota
33. In order to know the coping abilities of female patients who are newly diagnosed with
terminal cancer, the main source pf data should be:
A. Scheduled interview
C. Observation
B. Self-administered questionnaire
D. In depth conversations
34. A qualitative research has the following characteristics except:
A. It gets closer to the study participants perspective through observation and
interview
B. It secures rich description of the subject matter
C. It puts emphasis on objective, value-free nature of reality
D. None of the above
35. If an individual volunteers to participate in a study, he or she is always guaranteed that
which of the following will be done?
A. Anonymity will be provided
C. Informed consent will be provided
B. Confidentiality will be provided
D. Protection for psychological stress will
be assured
36. Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a
smaller study of the planned study to identify any problematic areas. This smaller study is
known as a(n):
A. Abstract
C. Pilot study
B. Exploratory design
D. Proposal

37. A study that examined the experience of children who received liver transplants from the
time before transplantation, through surgery, and after is an example of what type of
research?
A. Quasi-experimental research
C. Quantitative research
B. Qualitative research
D. Experimental research
38. Nurse Cha read about a study in alcohol consumption among Filipinos over a 10-year
period using data from 1994, 2000 and the 2005 National Alcohol Survey. This study revealed
that the rate of heavy drinking fell between 1994 and 2000, but remained unchanged
between 2000 and 2005. This study utilized which among the following research design?
A. Trend study
C. Cross-sectional design
B. Experimental research
D. Cohort design
39. Nurse Sarah decided to observe women delivering twins in the hospital she is working in
during her free days. Nurse Sarah utilizes which type of sampling?
A. Network sampling
C. Convenience sampling
B. Purposive sampling
D. Quota sampling
40. Nurse Sarah changed the sampling design of her research. This time, she decided to
draw out two names from a list of names of women pregnant with twins provided to her by
five Obstetricians in the hospital she is working in. Which type of sampling is this?
A. Simple random sampling
C. Stratified random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
D. Systematic sampling
41. Nurse Sarah identified one sampling design as either probability or non probability
sampling design. Which one is it?
A. Simple random sampling
C. Stratified random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
D. Systematic sampling
42. If the researcher gave pineapple juice to one group of elderly clients and prune juice to
another group of elderly clients to evaluate which method would facilitate elimination more
effectively, this research is said to have utilized which type of design?
A. Ethnography
C. Phenomenology
B. Experimental
D. Non-experimental
43. Nurse James came across the study of Jack and Jill in 2000 which assessed the sleep
patterns and prevalence of sleep disorders during pregnancy. In this research, women of
different points of pregnancy were compared: 8 to 12 weeks, 18 to 22 weeks, 25 to 28 weeks
and 35 to 38 weeks and it conclusion has it that sleep disturbances were especially common
in late pregnancy. This study utilized which among the following research designs?
A. Cohort design
C. Experimental design
B. Trend study
D. Cross-sectional design
44. If the researcher compared the elimination pattern of a vegetarian from that of a
pescovegetarian, the researcher is said to have utilized which type of research design?
A. Experimental
C. Ethnography
B. Non-experimental
D. Phenomenology
45. Nurse Pie recalled that a pilot study is more than just a small-scale study. Which among
the following statements about a pilot study is CORRECT?
A. A pilot study is done to know whether the respondents understand the questions
and the
directions in a questionnaire or if they find certain questions objectionable.
B. A pilot study is done to actively introduce some form of intervention and to have
greater control
over extraneous variables.
C. A pilot study is done to test research hypothesis in preparation for a larger study
D. A pilot study is done to test protocols, data collection instruments, sample
recruitment strategies and other aspects of a study in preparation for a larger study.
46. Nurse Pie read an article about pilot study that explored the feasibility of a future largescale research on the effectiveness of a 20-week cognitive therapy intervention and
depressed battered women. If this intervention will be compared with an ongoing
intervention utilized for depressed battered women, this study would utilize which among the
following designs?
A. Cross-sectional design
C. Cohort design
B. Trend Study
D. Experimental research
47. Nurse Pie knows that the introduction of a 20-week cognitive therapy intervention on
depressed battered women in the research article is an example of:
A. Manipulation
C. Control
B. Random Assignment
D. Random sampling

48. The researcher who will study the lived experience of participants in a reality-TV show
who fed on insects, worms, and frogs would utilize which type of research design?
A. Experimental
C. Phenomenology
B. Non-experimental
D. Ethnography
49. The researcher who will study the dietary practices of ramp models and beauty queen
who need to maintain a certain weight would utilize which type of research design?
A. Experimental
C. Phenomenology
B. Non-experimental
D. Ethnography
50. Nurse Lala, decided to conduct a short interview of every 3 rd student nurse who would
drop by the nurses station. He is conducting what type of sampling?
A. Probability sampling
C. Experimental
B. Non-probability sampling
D. Non-experimental