Dsplab 1

College of Engg: Cherthala
Electronics Engineering
%Experiment no 1
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fs=8000;
N=input('Enter no of DFT co efficients needed ');
n=0:19;
xn=2*cos(2*pi*1000*n/fs)+cos(2*pi*2000*n/fs+pi/6);
subplot(411);
stem(xn);
title('Sampled signal');
y1=fft(xn,N);
l=0:N-1;
subplot(423);
stem(l,abs(y1));
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(424);
stem(l,angle(y1));
title('Phase response');
w=(2*pi*l)/N;
subplot(425)
stem(w,abs(y1));
subplot(426);
stem(w,angle(y1));
f=(fs*l)/N;
subplot(427)
stem(f,abs(y1));
subplot(428);
stem(f,angle(y1));
OBSERVATION
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
Dept: of

Dept: of
Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 20

>>
Sampled signal
5
0
-5
20
10
0
20
10
0
2
4
6
Magnitude response
20
10
5
10
15
Freq: in "n" --->
Magnitude response
20
2
4
Freq: in "w"--->
Magnitude response
2
0
-2
2
0
-2
14
16
18
Phase response
20
5
10
15
Freq: in "n"--->
Phase response
20
2
4
Freq: in "w"--->
Phase response
10
0
12
0
0
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
-2
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000

>>
Sampled signal
5
0
-5
20
10
0
20
10
0
2
4
6
Magnitude response
20
10
5
Freq: in "n" --->
Magnitude response
10
2
4
Freq: in "w"--->
Magnitude response
5
0
-5
5
0
-5
14
16
18
Phase response
20
5
Freq: in "n"--->
Phase response
10
2
4
Freq: in "w"--->
Phase response
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
10
0
12
0
0
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
SP 109 DSP Lab
8000
-5
S1 M.Tech SP 2011

Dept: of

>>
Sampled signal
5
0
-5
40
20
0
40
20
0
2
4
6
Magnitude response
40
10
10
20
30
Freq: in "n" --->
Magnitude response
40
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Magnitude response
12
2
0
-2
2
0
-2
20
10
20
30
Freq: in "n"--->
Phase response
40
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Phase response
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
20
0
14
16
18
Phase response
0
0
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
-2

>>
Sampled signal
5
0
-5
40
20
0
40
20
0
40
2
4
6
Magnitude response
10
50
Freq: in "n" --->
Magnitude response
100
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Magnitude response
5
0
-5
5
0
-5
14
16
18
Phase response
20
50
Freq: in "n"--->
Phase response
100
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Phase response
2000
4000
6000
Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
20
0
12
0
0
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
-5

Dept: of
>>
Sampled signal
5
0
-5
40
20
0
40
20
0
2
4
6
Magnitude response
500
Freq: in "n" --->
Magnitude response
1000
40
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Magnitude response
10
5
0
-5
5
0
-5
14
16
18
Phase response
20
500
Freq: in "n"--->
Phase response
1000
2
4
6
Freq: in "w"--->
Phase response
2000
4000
6000
Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
20
0
12
0
0
2000 4000 6000

Freq: in "Hz"--->
8000
-5
%Experiment no 2
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011

Dept: of
close all;
n=0:20;
num=[1];
den=[1 -.25];
h=impz(num,den,n);
subplot(211);
stem(n,h);
title('Impulse response h(n)')
x=ones(1,10);
y=conv(x,h);
n1=0:length(y)-1;
subplot(212);
stem(n1,y);
title('Output y(n)')
OBSERVATION
Impulse response h(n)
0.5
10
12
14
16
18
20
Output y(n)
1.5
1
0.5
0
10
15
%Experiment no 3
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
20
25
30

clear all;
close all;
x=[1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5];
h=fliplr(x);
y=conv(x,h)
n=0:length(y)-1;
subplot(311);
stem(y);
title('Auto correlation
a=0;
for i=1:length(x)
a=a+(x(i)*x(i));
end
a
subplot(313);
stem(a);
title('Energy')
z=fliplr(y);
subplot(312);
stem(z);
title('Auto correlation
Dept: of
rxx(k)')
rxx(-k)');
OBSERVATION
Auto correlation rxx(k)
100
50
0
10
15
Auto correlation rxx(-k)
100
50
0
10
15
Energy
100
50
0
y=
5
11
0.2
11
25
0.4
17
0.6
41
0.8
23
58
1.2
23
a=
58
>>
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
41
1.4
17
1.6
25
1.8
11
11

Dept: of
%Experiment No 4
clc;
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
num=[6.6 1.5];
den=[1 -.4];
h=impz(num,den,n);
subplot(211);
stem(n,h);
title('Impulse response h(n)');
num1=[0.5 1.5];
den1=[1 -7/5 2/5];
y1=impz(num1,den1,n);
num2=[6.1];
den2=[1 -2/5];
y2=impz(num2,den2,n);
y=y1+y2;
n1=0:length(y)-1;
subplot(212);
stem(n1,y);
title('Step response of y(n)')
OBSERVATION
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
14
16
18
20
Step response of y(n)
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
%Experiment No 5
% TIME DOMINE ANALYSIS
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011

Dept: of
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=[1 5 3 2 8 6 1];
h=[1 2 1 3 1];
N=7;M=5;
x1=[zeros(1,M-1) x zeros(1,M-1)];
h1=fliplr(h);
h1=[h1 zeros(1,M+N-2)];
for i=1:M+N-1
x2=x1.*h1;
y(i)=0;
for j=1:(N+2*M-2)
y(i)=y(i)+x2(j);
end
t=[0 h1];
n=numel(h1);
h1=t(1:n);
end
disp(y);
f=0:N+M-2;
subplot(211);
stem(f,y);
title ('Linear convolution by Time domain analysis');
% DFT method
a=N+M-1;
x3=[x zeros(1,M-1)];
h3=[h zeros(1,N-1)];
X=fft(x3,a);
H=fft(h3,a);
Y=X.*H;
y=ifft(Y,a);
c=0:length(y)-1;
subplot(212);
stem(c,y)
title ('Linear convolution by DFT Method');
OBSERVATION
Linear convolution by Time domain analysis
40
30
20
10
0
10
10
Linear convolution by DFT Method
40
30
20
10
0
1
>>
14
16
31
38
30
34
27
% Experiment No 6
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011

Dept: of
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
x=(1/4).^n
h=[1 .5 .25];
N=21;M=3;
x1=[zeros(1,M-1) x zeros(1,M-1)];
h1=fliplr(h);
h1=[h1 zeros(1,M+N-2)];
for i=1:M+N-1
x2=x1.*h1;
y(i)=0;
for j=1:(N+2*M-2)
y(i)=y(i)+x2(j);
end
t=[0 h1];
n1=numel(h1);
h1=t(1:n1);
end
disp(y);
f=1:N+M-1;
stem(f,y);
OBSERVATION
Output of the system y(n)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
10
15
%Experiment no 7
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
20
25

Dept: of
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
num=[1 0.5];
den=[1 -.25];
h=impz(num,den,n);
h
stem(n,h);
OBSERVATION
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
10
%Experiment no 8
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
12
14
16
18
20
10

Dept: of
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
num=[1];
den=[1 -.25];
h=impz(num,den,n);
h
stem(n,h);
OBSERVATION
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
10
12
%Experiment No 9
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
14
16
18
20
11

Dept: of
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
N=4;
x=sin(2*pi*n/N);
h=fliplr(x);
y=conv(x,h);
n=-20:20;
stem(n,y);
title('Auto correlation rxx(k)');
[h1,i]=find(y==max(y));
disp('Energy of Auto correlation rxx(0)')
Energy=y(i)
OBSERVATION
Energy of Auto correlation is rxx(0)
Energy =
10
>>
Auto correlation rxx(k)
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-20
-15
-10
-5
%Experiment No 10
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
10
15
20
12

Dept: of
13
clear all;
close all;
n=0:20;
N=4;
x1=[1 3 -2 1 2 -1 4 4 2];
x2=[2 -1 4 1 -2 3];
y=conv(x1,fliplr(x2))
n=-6:7;
subplot(411);
stem(n,y);
title('Cross correlation rxy(l)');
y1=fliplr(y);
n1=-7:6;
subplot(412);
stem(n1,y1);
title('Cross correlation rxy(-l)');
k=input('Enter value for shifting ');
y3=xcorr(x1);
x3=[zeros(1,k) x1];
y2=conv(x3,fliplr(x1));
n2=-8:8;
n3=-8:8+k;
subplot(413);
stem(n2,y3);
title('Auto correlation of x(n)');
subplot(414);
stem(n3,y2);
title('Auto correlation of x(n) and x(n-k)');
OBSERVATION
Enter value for shifting 2
>>
Cross correlation rxy(l)
50
0
-50
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Cross correlation rxy(-l)
-6
-4
-2
0
Auto correlation of x(n)
50
0
-50
-8
100
0
-100
-8
-6
-4
100
-2
0
2
Auto correlation of x(n) and x(n-k)
0
-100
-8
-6
-4
-2
%Experiment No 11
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
10

Dept: of
clear all;
close all;
n=0:19;
num=[1];
den=[1 -.8];
h1=impz(num,den,n);
x=cos(0.05*pi*n);
y1=conv(x,h1);
m=0:length(y1)-1;
stem(m,y1);
title('Steady state response');
OBSERVATION
Steady state response
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
10
15
20
25
%Experiment No 12
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
30
35
40
14

Dept: of
close all;
n=0:7;
num1=[1 .5 .5 -.5];
den1=[3 -5.85 8.55 -5.55 2.7];
h1=impz(num1,den1,n);
num2=[1.47 2.138];
den2=[1 -.95 .9025];
h2=impz(num2,den2,n);
h=h1+h2;
stem(n,h);
title('First 8 samples of Impulse response h(n)');
OBSERVATION
First 8 samples of Impulse response h(n)
-2
-4
-6
%Experiment no 13
clc;
clear all;
close all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
15

Dept: of
x=input('Enter an i/p seq; ');

x1=x;
nx=input('Enter starting point of seq; ');
f=length(x)-1;
N=0:f;
a=N+nx;c=(a+4)*2;
subplot(411);
stem(a,x);
title('Input x(n)');
subplot(412);
stem(a+3,x);
title('x(n-3)');
for i=0:length(x)-1
a=i+nx;
r=rem((a-3),2);
if r==0
l(i+1)=(a-3)/2;
y(i+1)=x(i+1);
end
end
subplot(413);
stem(l,y);
title('x(2n+3)');
subplot(414);
stem(c,x1);
title('x(n/2-4)');
OBSERVATION
Enter an i/p seq; [1 2 3 4 5]
Enter starting point of seq; -2
>>
Input x(n)
0
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
x(n-3)
0.5
1.5
1.5
2.5
3
x(2n+3)
3.5
4.5
4
2
0
-2
-1.8
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1
-0.8
x(n/2-4)
% Experiment No 14
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
-0.6
-0.4
10
-0.2
11
12
16

Dept: of
close all;
x=[1 2 0 -2 2 3];
nx=-2;
N=0:length(x)-1;
a=N+nx;
subplot(311);
stem(a,x);
title('Input x(n)');
subplot(312);
c=a-3;
stem(-c,x);
title('x(-n+3)');
for i=0:length(x)-1
a=i+nx;
r=rem((a+2),2);
if r==0
l(i+1)=(a+2)/2;
y(i+1)=x(i+1);
end
end
subplot(313);
stem(l,y);
title('x(2n-2)');
OBSERVATION
Input x(n)
5
0
-5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
x(-n+3)
5
0
-5
0.5
1.5
2.5
x(2n-2)
2
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
% Experiment No 15
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
17

Dept: of
close all;
n=0:10;
x=cos(n*pi/3);
y=fft(x,512);
subplot(211);
stem(abs(y));
title('Spectrum by DFT');
w=0:pi/256:pi*2;
a=freqz(x,1,w);
subplot(212);
stem(abs(a));
title('Spectrum by DTFT');
OBSERVATION
Spectrum by DFT
6
4
2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
200
250
300
Spectrum by DTFT
6
4
2
0
50
100
150
%Experiment No 16
%Linearity
clc;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
18

clear all;
close all;
x1=input('Enter first seq: ');
x2=input('Enter second seq: ');
a=2;b=5;N=4;
p=a*x1+b*x2;
X1=fft(x1,4);
X2=fft(x2,4);
q=a*X1+b*X2;
r=fft(p,4);
q
r
%Circular time shift
disp('Circular time shift property');
n0=input('Enter the time shifting value n0 ');
xn=circshift(x1,[0 n0]);
XN=fft(xn,4);
k=0:N-1;
e=exp(-2*i*pi*k*n0/N);
X=X1.*e;
subplot(211);
stem(k,XN);
title('DFT of x(n-n0)');
subplot(212);
stem(k,X);
title('X(k)* e^ -j2pi*k*n0/N');
%Circular Frequency Shift
disp('Circular Frequency Shift property');
l=input('Enter the freq: shifting value l ');
n=0:N-1;
x3=x1.*exp(i*2*pi*n*l/N);
X3=fft(x3,4);
X4=circshift(X1,[0 l]);
X3
X4
%Modulation Property
y1=x1.*x2;
y2=fft(y1,N);
N1=length(X1);
N2=length(X2);
N=max(N1,N2);
x=[X1 zeros(1,N-N1)];
h=[X2 zeros(1,N-N2)];
for n=0:N-1
y(n+1)=0;
for i=0:N-1
j=mod(n-i,N);
y(n+1)=y(n+1)+x(i+1)*h(j+1);
end
end;
y=y/N;
y2
y
%Circular convolution property
disp('Circular convolution property');
Y1=X1.*X2;
n1=length(x1);
n2=length(x2);
N=max(n1,n2);
x=[x1 zeros(1,N-n1)];
h=[x2 zeros(1,N-n2)];
for n=0:N-1
y(n+1)=0;
for i=0:N-1
j=mod(n-i,N);
y(n+1)=y(n+1)+x(i+1)*h(j+1);
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
Dept: of
19

Dept: of
end
end;
y=fft(y,N);
Y1
y
%Parseval's Relation
disp('Parseval s Relation');
y5=0
for n=0:N-1
y5=y5+x1(n+1).*conj(x1(n+1));
end
y5
y6=0;
for n=0:N-1
y6=y6+X1(n+1).*conj(X1(n+1));
end
Y6=y6/N
OBSERVATION
Enter first seq: [1 2 3 4]
Enter second seq: [1 1 1 1]
q =
40.0000
-4.0000 + 4.0000i
-4.0000
-4.0000 - 4.0000i
-4.0000 + 4.0000i
-4.0000
-4.0000 - 4.0000i
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
10.0000 - 0.0000i
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
10.0000
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
r =
40.0000
Circular time shift property

Enter the time shifting value n0 2
Circular Frequency Shift property
Enter the freq: shifting value l 2
X3 =
-2.0000 + 0.0000i
X4 =
-2.0000
y2 =
10.0000
y =
10.0000
Circular convolution property

Y1 =
40
40
y =
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
20

Dept: of
Parseval s Relation
y5 =
0
y5 =
30
Y6 =
30
>>
DFT of x(n-n0)
10
5
0
-5
0.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
X(k)* e -j2pi*k*n0/N
10
5
0
-5
0.5
1.5
%Experiment No 17
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
21

Dept: of
close all;
x=input('Enter an i/p seq: ');
N=length(x);
y=fft(x,N);
n=0:N-1;
subplot(211);
stem(n,y);
title('X(k)');
for i=0:N-1
y1(i+1)=conj(y(N-i));
end
subplot(212);
stem(n,fliplr(y1));
title('X*(N-k)');
OBSERVATION
Enter an i/p seq: [1+i 2 3 4-i -2 5-2i 1 0]
>>
X(k)
20
10
0
-10
X*(N-k)
20
10
0
-10
Enter an i/p seq: [1 -2 4 5 7 0 2 5]

>>
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
22

Dept: of
X(k)
30
20
10
0
-10
X*(N-k)
30
20
10
0
-10
%Experiment No 18
clc;
clear all;
SP 109 DSP Lab
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
23

Dept: of
close all;
x=[1 0.5 1];
h=[0.5 1];
a=length(x);
b=length(h);
m=max(a,b);
x=[x zeros(m-a)];
h=[h zeros(m-b)];
X=fft(x,m);
H=fft(h,m);
Y=X.*H;
y=ifft(Y);
n=0:length(y)-1;
stem(n,y);
title('Circular convolution in freq: domain')
OBSERVATION
Circular convolution in freq: domain
1.5
0.5
0.2
SP 109 DSP Lab
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
S1 M.Tech SP 2011
1.4
1.6
1.8
24

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Dsplab 1

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College of Engg: Cherthala

College of Engg: Cherthala

Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 20

2000 4000 6000

Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 10

2000 4000 6000

2000 4000 6000

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 40

2000 4000 6000

2000 4000 6000

Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 100

2000 4000 6000

Enter no of DFT co efficients needed 1000

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

2000 4000 6000

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Impulse response h(n)

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Auto correlation rxx(k)

Auto correlation rxx(-k)

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Impulse response h(n)

Step response of y(n)

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Linear convolution by DFT Method

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Auto correlation rxx(k)

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

x=input('Enter an i/p seq; ');

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

Circular time shift property

Circular convolution property

SP 109 DSP Lab

College of Engg: Cherthala

SP 109 DSP Lab