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ISSN 2278-7763
358
Subarto Kumar Ghosh1, Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Shawon2, Ashifur Rahman3 , Rifat Abdullah4
1
ABSTRACT
This paper defines a circuit-based simulation model for a PV array in order to allow and estimate the electrical behavior of a PV
array with respect changes on environmental parameter of temperature and irradiance. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance,
cell temperature, shunt resistance and ideality factor into consideration the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and optimized using the MATLAB/ simulink. An accurate PV array electrical model is presented based on the
Shockley diode equation. A particular typical 550W solar array was used for Standalone system analyzed.
Keywords : PV Modeling, Photovoltaic array, MATLAB simulink.
1 INTRODUCTION
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Photovoltaics (PVs) are arrays (combination of cells) that contain a solar voltaic material which converts solar energy into
electrical energy. PV cell is a basic device for Photovoltaic Systems. Such systems include multiple components like mechanical and electrical connections and mountings and various
means of regulating and (if required) modifying the electrical
output. Materials that are used for photovoltaic are monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium selenide [1]. The
current and voltage available at the PV device terminals can be
directly used to feed small loads like lighting systems or small
DC motors. The output characteristics of PV module depends
on the solar irradiance, the cell temperature and output voltage of PV module. Since PV module has nonlinear characteristics, it is necessary to model it for the design and simulation of
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV system applications. Almost all well-developed PV models describe the
output Characteristics mainly affected by the solar irradiance,
cell temperature, and load voltage [2]. The PV application can
be grouped depend the scheme of interaction with utility grid:
grid connected, stand alone, and hybrid.
2. BASIC PV CELL
2.1 Principles of Operation of Solar Cell
A photovoltaic cell is basically a semiconductor diode whose
pn junction is exposed to light. Photovoltaic cells are made of
several types of semiconductors using different manufacturing
Copyright 2013 SciResPub.
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IV is maximum. Thus:
The fundamental parameters related to solar cell are short circuit current (I sc ), open circuit voltage (V oc ), maximum power
point (MPP), efficiency of solar cell and fill factor.
P max =V oc .I sc . FF
(1)
I (at V=0) = I sc
(2)
NKT
Iph
ln(
+ 1)
q
Io
(7)
2.2.5 Efficiency
The solar cell power conversion efficiency can be
given as:
(8)
Where Imax and Vmax are the current and voltage for maximum power, corresponding to solar intensity I(t).
A general mathematical description of I-V output characteristics for a PV cell has been studied over the past four decades.
Such an equivalent circuit based model is mainly used for the
MPPT technologies. The equivalent circuit of the general model which consist of a photocurrent, a diode, a parallel resistor
expressing a leakage current, and a series resistor describing
an internal resistance to the current flow [8], is shown in Fig. 2
(3)
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Voc =
(6)
P max
V max
=
Voc.Isc Voc.Isc
(4)
(5)
q.(V + IRs)
(V + IRs)
(9)
1)
N .K .T
Rsh
Where, Iph is a light-generated current or photocurrent, Io is
the cell saturation of dark current, q (= 1.6 1019C) is an electron charge, k (= 1.38 1023J/K) is a Boltzmanns constant, T is
the cells working temperature, N is an ideal factor, R sh is a
shunt resistance, and Rs is a series resistance. Photo current
mainly depend on the solar irradiance and cells temperature,
which is described as
(10)
Iph = ( Iscr + Ki * ( Ic + 273.15 Tr )) * G
I = Iph Io(exp
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Io = I oR * (
Tc 3
) * exp(
Tref
Tc = (( NOCT 20) *
1
1
)
Tref Tc
)
K .N
q * Eg (
G
) + (Ta )
0.8
(11)
(12)
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4. PV CELL MODELLING
Variable
Value
Maximum power
Pm
110W
Voltage@ Pm
Vm
32.9V
Current@ Pm
Im
3.34A
Isc
3.69A
Voc
41.2V
-0.38%/0c
0.065%/0c
NOCT
470C
Normal operating
cell temperature
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5. SIMULATION RESULT
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Fig. 8: variation of IF (V vs I)
Fig. 6: variation of Ir (V vs I)
Fig. 7: variation of Ir (V vs P)
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Fig. 13: variation of Tc (V vs P)
Fig. 11: variation of Rsh (V vs P)
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6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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7-21
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Trends in Engineering and Technology, May. 2011. 3
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the Model Done in Matlab,International Review on Modeling and Simulations Vol. 3, N. 5, PP 948-954, Oct. 2010. 5.
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