Assignment: Define the following.

1. Pad Eye
2. Eye Bolt
3. Elephant feet

Pad Eye
It is a device often found on boats that a line runs through, or provides an attachment point.
It is a kind of fairlead and often is bolted or welded to the deck or hull of a boat. It is also used in oil
and gas projects to assist in the purpose of lifting.

Eye Bolt
It is a bolt with a loop at one end. They are used to firmly attach a securing eye to a
structure, so that ropes or cables may then be tied to it.

Elephant feet
It is a bolt with a loop which is used in lashing containers. It looks like an
elephants foot that is placed in the deck and inserted in decks hole.

Explain and illustrate.

1. Explain how a solid stow and securing of all cargoes maybe achieved?
Cargo stowed in containers must be secured on all sides to prevent shifting, in particular towards the
door. Spaces between packages and/or container walls must be filled. Secure the cargo by using the lashing
points provided on the top and bottom side rails and on the corner posts. Containers should be packed and
cargo secured in accordance with guidelines for packing cargoes other than bulk cargo in or on cargo
transport units (CTUs) for carriage by any means of transport at sea and ashore. Air transport has not been
taken into account. The CTU packing guidelines published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
and International Labour Organization (ILO) of 02.05.1997 supersede any previously applicable container
packing guidelines.

2. Describe the methods of blocking, lashing and shoring of cargoes.

Blocking

The act of installing solid pieces of wood or block to a deck, bulkhead or

overhead in such manner that these pieces bear directly against the cargo and
prevent movement of the cargo in the horizontal plane. Blocking must be braced,
shored or tommed to be effective.

Lashing

Certain cargoes, such as ammunition and even pallet loads of regular

commodities, sometimes require extra restraints to prevent movement when at sea.
Where deck areas cannot be loaded and braced to withstand all the strains, extra
restraints are required. Various tie down systems have been devised which combine
heavy wire rope with deck and ceiling attachments welded to the ship and wire
nets. Tensioning devices are used to secure the loads.

Shoring

Shoring, which includes blocking and bracing, is the process of securing cargo
to prevent lateral movement by supporting it from the side or to prevent downward
movement or by supporting it from bellow.

3. Describe the methods of securing heavy loads like locomotives.

The weight of the item should be distributed in such a way as to avoid undue
stress on the ships structure. Particularly with the carriage of heavy items on deck
or hatch covers, suitable beams of timber or steel of adequate strength should be
used to transfer the weight of the item on the ships structure. Heavy items should
be preferably be stowed in the fore and aft direction.
4. Illustrate the lashing methods for vehicles and tankers.

Assignment in Seamanship 3

DANGEROUS GOODS
AND INSPECTION

Prepared by:
Balino, Geonel Christian E.