Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.altt\.
4Ll lttt
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-g
Designation: D 2992
An American National
Slai!
06
I r_
INTERNAf'ONAL
-aIa
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitiont
3.1.1 Generalnologies D 883 a.
with Terminolog,
3.1.2 closure,
berg
fastened to the en
produces longitur
radial stresses in
3.1.3 closure,
This stanrlard has been approved Jrtr use by agencies of the Depurtment of Deknse'
L. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes two procedures, Procedure A
(cyclic) and Procedure B (static), for obtaining a hydrostatic
design basis (HDB) or a pressure design basis (PDB) for
fiberglass piping products, by evaluating strength-regression
data derived from testing pipe or fittings, or both, of the same
materials and construction, either separately or in assemblies'
Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP)
natural polymers.
1.2 This practice can be used for the HDB detemination for
fiberglass pipe where the ratio of outside diameter to wall
thickness is l0:1 or more.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Srundards: 2
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for
regardless
Testing
hydrostatic design shess (HDS). For example, if HDS is 5000 psi (34 500
kPa), the pipe is limited to about 1000-psig (6900-kPa) internal pressure,
of diameter.
1.3 This practice provides a PDB fbr complex-shaped products or systems where complex stress fields seriously inhibit
fracture, localize
than one diamete
of the sper
body
HDS.
12.2.
3.1.5 fiberglas
fiber reinforcemr
thermosetting-res
gregate, granular
ments, or dyes; t
ings may be inclr
3.1.6 reinforce
pipe with aggreg
3.1.7 reinforce
glass pipe withor"
3.1
.8 hoop strt
in the ci
product
follows:
Plastics
of
RrL
where:
D 3567 Practice
S
D
P
tr
=
=
=
=
Prt
Nore 5-Hoop
3r8
st
.9
hydrosta,
3.l.lO
hydrosn
maximum interni
re
internal pl
minimum
cylindrical specimen
based on pressure.
3.1
stres
average
Prpi
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic Piping
hoop
Available from An
,([fpo2ee2-06
cyclically (Procedure A) or continuously (Procedure B) to a
piping component with a high degree of certainty that failure of
the component will not occur.
lS0 Standard:
2.2
3 Prefened
3.l.ll
Terminology
Defnitions:
3.1
3,1,1
Terminology
1,2
closure,
Nom
fiberglass
3,1.5
reinforcement embedded
ng-resin; the composite structure may contain aggranular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigor dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coatmay be included.
3,1,6 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)-a fiberglass
with aggregate.
pipe
s: P(D
t,)/2t,
(1)
3.1.12 longterm hydrostatic strength (LTHS)- the estimated tensile stress in the wall of the pipe in the hoop direction
due to intemal hydrostatic pressure that, when applied cyclically, will cause failure of the pipe after a specified number of
cycles by Procedure
A or a specified
number
of hours
by
Procedure B.
Nors 6-The time for determination of LIHS or LTHP is soecified bv
the product standard. Typically, the time is 150 X 106 or 657 x 106 cycles
for Procedure A and 100 000 or 438 000 h for Procedure B.
3.I.13 long-term hydrostatic pressure (LTHP)-the estimated interrral pressure of the piping product that, when
applied cyclically, will cause failure of the product after a
specified number of cycles by Procedure A or a specifled
number of hours by Procedure B.
3.1.14 pressure design basis (PDB)-an internal pressure
developed for flberglass piping product by this practice and
multiplied by a service design factor to obtain an HDP.
3.1.15 pressure rating (PR)-the estimated maximum pressure in the pipe or fitting that can be exerted continuously with
a high degree of certainty that failure of the piping component
will not occur.
3.I.16 senice designfactor-a number equal to 1.00 or less
that takes into consideration all the variables and degree of
safety involved in a fiberglass piping installation so that when
ical specimens.
0n
3.1,9
Fessure.
devel-
for fiberglass
31,10
rAvailable
floor, New
York,
NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
in
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Procedure A consists of exposing a minimum of 18
specimens of pipe or fittings, or both to cyclic internal
pressures at a cycle rate of 25 cycles/min and at several
different pressures. Elevated test temperatures are obtained by
circulating a hot liquid through the specimens or by testing in
an air environment where the temperature is controlled.
gily
.ull
2992-06
to failure for
HN:
is
nur
failure,i
orr
hourr
tested.
each
by immersing
the specimens in a controlled-temperature water bath, by
testing in an air environment where the temperature is con-
rl
component.
verifiedr
conditior
hrgh
tested.
determined
criteria.
5. Significance and
al
PROCEDURE A
Use
Long-Ten
in
in
bar
Metlrr
and the
accordance with
mn
Pracl,
more complex.
320
l0-W
the
6.2.3 The s
to obtain a di
c
1 000
10 00c
100 0c
1 000r
After
6.3 AnaIyz
logarithm of
logarithm of t
ll-It
Nore
i
or pressure on th
axis.
6.3.1 A
spe
closure may b
the 95 Vo lowe
resumed provi
a test joint, or
6.3.2 Those
15 000 000 cy
the regression
lower or highe
lower confide
satisfied.
Norp l2*Nor
6.3.3 Deten
method of lea
those nonf-ailu
6.3.1 and
6"3
pressures that
average; deter
cycles-to-failur
level, that is, a
within
closures
Noro
ing heat to
Total
tr
air environmr
tained within
andtr
rl
6.2.2 Elevt
a heated test
specrl
calculated for u
'+-20 pr
points exclude
identify them i
Nors l3-Sinr
recommended thz
as one specimer
([Jp o2ee2-06
7. Cyclic Hydrostatic Design Basis
by circulating
liquid through the specimens or by testing in a hot
environment. In either case the test liquid shall be mainwithin :15'F (3'C) of the selected temperature.
6,2.2
heated
test
l0-Where elevated test temperatures are maintained by applyto the circulating test liquid, work to date indicates that the
air temDerature need not be controlled
Nom
heat
6.2.3 The
stress
Cycles to Failure
to 10 000
10 000 to 1 00 000
100 000 to 1 000 000
1 000 000 to 10 000 000
After 15 000 000
1 000
Failure Points
at least 3
at least 3
at least 3
at least 3
7.4
If
on the
pressure
6.3.1 A
8.2
specimen
may be:
Valower
from
If
PROCEDURE B
line
based
l2-Non-failed specimens may be left under test and the regresrecalculated as failures are obtained.
joint, or
Nom
9.2.1 Determine the average outside diameter and the minimum reinforced wall thickness in accordance with Practice
D 3567 (Note 9).
9.2.2 The inside environment for the pipe or fitting, test
specimens, or both, shall be water. The outside environment
shall be air or a controlled temperature water bath (See 7).
Other media may be used, but the environment shall be given
in the test report. The test liquid shall be maintained within
-f 5'F (3'C) of the test temperature (Note 10).
test
1.
place of stress.
1l-It
consider
6,3 Lnalyze
Noru
Al.l,
at least 18
Total
106 or 657
6.3.3
nonfailure
and 6.3.2.
that
is, a stress
Nors
with a
first,
rABLE
1 Hydrostatic
"::,F1":$;"Categories
by Procedure A
Category
psi^
2 500
3 150
4 000
5 000
6 300
8 000
10 000
12 500
16 000
20 000
25 000
31 s00
40 000
(kPa)
(17
(21
(27
(34
(43
(55
(68
(86
(110
(138
(172
(217
(276
200)
700)
6001
500)
400)
200)
900)
200)
000)
000)
000)
000)
000)
to
to
to
to
to
to
2 400
3
3 020
3
3 830
4
4 800
5
6 000
7
7 600
9
9 600 to 11
12 000 to 15
15 300 to 18
19 000 to 23
24 000 to 29
30 000 to 37
38 000 to 47
(kPa)
010
820
790
990
590
590
990
290
990
990
990
990
000
(16 500
(20 800
(26 400
(33 100
(41 000
(53 000
(66 000
(83 000
(106 000
(131 000
(170 000
(210 000
(260 000
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
20 700)
26 300)
33 000)
40 900)
52 900)
65 900)
82 900)
105 900)
130 900)
169 900)
209 900)
259 900)
320 000)
R1O
4$JP
TABLE
(ba|"
91
230
300
360
460
580
725
910
1 160
1 450
1 800
116
150
180
o 2ss2-ol
3)
(8)
(10)
(12 5)
(16)
(20)
(25)
(31 .5)
(40)
(50)
(63)
(80)
(100)
(125)
(6
(kPa)
(kPa)
psl
(630) 87 to 110
(800) 111 to 143
(1 000) 144to 172
.173
(1 250)
to 220
(1 600) 221 to 287
(2 000) 288 to 345
(2 500) 346 ro 438
(3 50) 439 to 556
(4 000) s57 to 695
(s 000) 696 ro 876
(6 300) 877 to 1 110
(8 000) 1 11s to 1 380
(10 000) 1 390 to 1 720
(12 500) 1 730 to 2220
1
to 760)
to 990)
to 1 180)
to 1 510)
to 1 980)
to 2 380)
to 3 020)
to 3 830)
to 4 790)
to 6 040)
to 7 680)
to I 580)
(605
(765
(995
(1 190
(1 520
(1 990
(2 390
(3 030
(3 840
(4 800
(6 050
(7 690
(9 590 to
(11 900
to
Cycles to Failure
(Average of Set)
by
at the speci{ied
at least 3
at least 3
at least 6
LCL. For
95 o/o prediction
probability t
individual data points may tall above the UPL and a 2.5 % probabilrtit
individual data points may faii below the LPL.
followins criteria.
322
changes are cc
be established.
an interim HDI
be taken as thr
12.7.t The
tained by ex
657 000 000
c.
failure points
procedure in A
12.1.2 The
13.1 Obtain
PDB as determ
design factor s
general groups
manufacturing
tions in the ma
techniques, ant
The second grc
installation,
en
expectancy des
Nore 17-It
factors. The
Ai.
72.6 Data
assumed to be
Pressure
Failure Points
change.
time
12.5.2 At I'
3000-h failure
13. Hydrostat
the
12.5.1 Alt c
limit of the or
Total
10 to 200
More than 1000
specimens may be left under test and the regression line recalculated as failures are obtained.
12.5 Altern
material or mr
regression line
Hours to Failure
(Average of Set)
Nore l4 Non-failed
extrapolation
at least 3
at least 3
at least 6
Total
for
Failure Points
(131
individual faiL
line.
at leasl 18
Total
12.4.3 The
determined re
at leasl 3
at least 3
at least 1
pressure level
of the original
l.
usin
Failure Points
Hours to Failure
10 lo 1 000
1 000 to 6 000
After 6 000
After 10 000
categotl:
original regrer
12.4.2 The
HDB
11 800)
15 300)
12.4.1 The
level falls on
is
serr,
of
the
Recommended
se
properties
ASTM.
.([fp o 2ss2-06
average failure point for each stress or pressure
or above the 95 7o lower confidence limit of the
regression line.
12,4,2 The earliest individual failure point at each stress or
level falls on or above the 95 7a lower prediction limit
the original regression line.
12.4.3 The failure points are distributed about the originally
1 The
12.4
falls on
ined regression
vidual
to
the
15. Report
the following:
All data points fall above the 95 7o lower confidence
ofthe original regression line, and
o cycles or
12,5,2 N least two points exceed 4.5 x 10
Alternatively
12,5
or manufacturing process
meet
U.5.1
failure time.
l2.6Data meeting
to be
of
12.4
or
12.5 may
be
and
12.7
the criteria
of
are
rnterim
as the
127.1
of
ob-
to
cycles (50 years) by the procedure in 1"2, or the
points of 12.2.2 to 438 000 h (50 years) by the
in Annex Al.
12,7.2 The 95 7o lower confidence
of the original
ion line at 50 years.
12.2.
000
as
15.1
Pressure
13.1
.14 Dates of
tests.
design
design
17. Keywords
323
rflT\^-
.flHrrrynroor_06
e -rJ+lfrTlt
ANNEX
Degrees of Freed
(Mandatory Information)
(n-2)
'I
HYDROSTATII
PRESSURE
A1.1 General
A1.l.l
x =
y-dr0x
- i2*,
(Ar.l)
rAt.
) = one variable,
x = other variable,
& = slope of the line, and
a = intercept on the y axis.
wnefe:
'10
anr
cross-products:
12
13
tc
for
evalu
16
17
18
19
s*:;)(-r,-x)2
(Ali
20
s,,,: j>0,_ E,
(Ajr
21
22
A1.4.3 Correlation
of Data:
41.4.3.1 Calculate the coefficient of correlation, r,
following relationship:
.-2
'
r(
'"\)
23
24
25
fromlh
26
27
28
29
30
t2
ln
(.t.x,srr)
,:f7
1't.4.3.2
If
the value of
r is
applicah:
r, and
.4 The predicted mean and the lower 95 7o confi-
^:
31
32
33
34
35
n,reju
(Ali
sign (that is, "+" or "-") of the slope and the coefficient of
correlation for the quantity of data available. The relevant
equations are given together with example data and results, on
41.2.1
fl)
lirrr
36
37
38
39
40
,c
\J,'/
cycles), and let y be loglo% where Vis the stress (or pressure)
b: y5
value.
1A IL
43
44
45
and then:
TABLE
used:
(n-2)
11
12
IJ
14
tc
to
17
18
19
Observation i; i = I, . . .n,
arithmetic mean of all y, values:
I
n -'
are
20
(A1.2)
22
23
24
324
(n-2)
0.6835
0.6614
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
0.641
0.6226
0.605s
0.5897
0.5751
0.5614
0.5487
0.5386
o.5252
0.5145
0.5043
0.4952
100
mrnrmum
0.4869
0.4487
0.4182
0.3932
0.3721
0.3541
0.3248
0.3017
0.2830
o.2673
0.2540
Nore Al.l-In
Norn A1.2-Si
A1.4.5
Cah
41.4.5.1 If t
1'I.4.5.2
Ci
statistics. For i
fit,
{, for true
A'1.12, Eq A1.1
,([fp o2ee2-06
TABLE
ogrees
of Freedom
Student's" f'Value
Degrees of Freedom
t.
(n-21
ln-2)
't2.7062
Student's "f'Value,
t"
(n-2)
Student's "1'Value,
t"
1.9864
Degrees oJ Freedom
46
47
48
49
50
2.0129
91
2.0117
2.0106
2.0096
2.0086
92
93
94
2.4469
2.3646
cl
2.0076
52
96
97
53
10
2.3060
2.2622
2.2281
2.0066
2.0057
55
2.0049
2.0040
98
99
100
tl
2.20'10
2.1788
2.1604
2.1448
z. tJ tc
56
57
58
59
60
2.0032
2.0025
102
104
2.0017
2.0010
2.0003
106
1.9826
108
110
1.9822
16
2.11 99
ol
17
2.1 098
2.1 009
1.9996
1.9990
1.9983
1.9977
112
114
18
62
63
64
65
4.3027
3.1824
2.7764
2.5706
6
7
8
12
13
.4)
15
lu-
2.0930
2.0860
19
20
2.0796
2.0739
21
22
25
69
2.0555
2.0518
26
21
72
73
74
75
2.0484
2.0452
2.0423
28
29
30
2.0395
2.0369
35
2.0301
76
77
78
79
80
36
2.028'l
81
37
2.0262
82
2.0244
2.0227
2.0211
83
84
85
2.0195
2.0181
2.0167
86
87
88
89
90
31
32
2.0345
2.0322
33
an
38
39
40
t1
42
43
2.0154
2.014'l
44
1.9842
1.9840
'1
.9835
1 9830
.9818
.9814
1.9810
1.9806
1.9803
1.9799
1
124
126
128
1.9796
1.9793
1.9790
1.9787
130
1.9784
122
1.9939
1.9935
1.9930
1.992s
71
1.9850
1.9847
1.9845
116
118
'120
1.9966
1.9960
1.9955
1.9949
1.9944
70
1.9861
1.9858
1.9855
1.9853
95
1.9971
66
67
68
2.0687
2.0639
2.0595
23
ble
tJo
138
1.5781
1.9778
1.9776
1.9773
1.9921
140
1.9771
.9917
.9913
1.9908
1.9905
142
1.9768
144
146
148
150
1.9763
1.9761
1.9759
134
1.9901
'1.9897
.1.9766
200
300
400
500
600
1.9893
1.9890
.t.9886
1.9883
.9719
1.9679
1.9659
1.9647
1.9639
1
700
1.9879
1.9876
1.9873
1.9870
1.9867
1.9634
1.9629
1.9626
1.9623
1 9600
800
900
'1000
lht
(A1'ro)
Non A1
, ;;;.
1-rn generar,
,:; r r.
Y,:
,: {M, +
10(a+'x''8
/= l0'and
ro 1)
of Vartances:
If r.is the applicable time to failure, then
x
A1.4.5.2
Calculate,
r: logrut,
set:
For
Al12, Eq
i=
i bl,
sequence of
(Ar. r2)
(A1.13)
(A1.14)
r-
(A1.1s)
bourl2,!,,.
- 2)tbo u2/n5,,
B- Dr(l +r)
(A1.16)
(Al.l7)
A1.13, and
a)b}/Dt
(,41.11)
tt
cr62:
A1.4.5 Calculation
Ai.4.5.1
(y,
C:
Eq 1'1.14, respectively:
325
D(1 + r)
(A1.18)
,($fp o2ee2-oo
the variance, A, of a using the formula:
where:
a-o{t'o*")*+}
lr =
(A1.19)
o,2 : A * 2Bxr*
(A1.20)
Cx1.2
mrnj.
o.2 :
\oa
(Al.2l)
the total variance, or, fbr future values, yr_, for y at x.using
the formula:
or2 - o,,2 + ou2
o'
o,-(o,,t +ou')ut
(Ar.23)
and the predicted value, y., for y at x.using the relationship:
,-7- a I bxt
(4t.24)
Eq
)'ro.qs:)r.-l,or
VL:10t'
X2.2
X2.4
Data
Point
1
produce
a prediction
intent
or
DATA ANALYSIS
The main limitation of the use of hoop stress is
it can only be applied to simple tubular-shaped speciner
Therefore, its application has been mainly limited to matenrl
Failure:
Xl.1.1 Hoop
malizes pressure
for variations in
1'
7
8
2l
9
10
2-,
12
Xl.l.2
tlri
fittings
lil
couplings.
.7lo
whichl
logarithmt
hoop
stn
'll
11
Time-to-
'I
(Nonmandatory Information)
Funr
(All
APPENDIXES
Xl.1
Coe,
r = 0.938083
Xl.
Sum
S* = 0.7981(
Syy = 8.7828i
S'y = -o.O24t
where:
A1.4.6.4 Setting
confidence interval for the line rather than
for a future observation.
(A1.25)
of the results
X2.3
(A11r
rounding errr
ment, but acr
ol
YL =
or =
tv =
(A1 .22)
!t
X2.l Bas
together with
be used to va
IJ
14
15
16
2(
4t
4(
5[
6
87
121
,([Jpo2ee2-06
X2. EXAMPLE CALCULATION
xL
Eq
50
rit
ni-
AS
)"=1.100457x10-3
b = -3.31731x 10-2
a = 3.182188
together
X2.5
B = -1.46896 x l0 5
C (variance of b)= 5.91271 x 10-6
A (variance of a)= 4.66730 x l0 5
o n2(enor variance for) x = 4.046696 x l}-s
o .'lerror variance for) y * 5.80057 x 10-5
of
of
of Squares:
X2.2 Sums
,1"
=0
798109
J,,= 8.78285
ion
l0-
-0,024836
X2.6
Relationships :
TABLE
Time,
h
9.
to.
17.
17.
5
6
1
that
3ns.
I]
272.
446.
466.
12
589.
l3
669.
14
684.
ials
like
merESS
rof
rdo
rof
rESS
15
10
N = 32 and Student's / of
X2,4 FunctionaL
Confidence Limits-For
r= 0.938083
l0
Calculated Vartances:
D = 4.84225 x 10 -"
878.
1
299.
Stress,
psi
Log Time,
h
5500.
5500.
5500.
5500.
0.95424
5200.
5200.
5200.
5200.
2.01703
2.15229
Stress,
I
I
Example Calculation
Log Time,
h
4700.
4800.
4800.
4800.
3.11428
3.23300
3.67210
3.68't24
3.68124
3.32284
3.68124
4500.
4400.
4700.
4700.
3.34635
3.34830
3.58161
3.61384
3.65321
3.64345
4600.
4400.
4600.
4600.
3.62043
3.71466
3.94939
3.94939
3.66276
29
30
4500
JI
4500
4500
4.03743
4.03822
4.09132
4.09132
3.65321
3.65321
3.65321
3.65321
Time, h
1301.
1 430.
3.74036
3.74036
17
18
19
20
21 03.
2.32015
3.71600
3.71600
3.71600
3.71600
22
23
24
s000.
5000.
5000.
4800.
2.43457
2.64933
2.66839
2.77012
3.69897
3.69897
3.69897
3.68124
25
26
27
4700.
5000.
4600.
4800.
2.82543
3.672'lO
3.69897
3.66276
3.68124
'I .1
1394
1.23045
2.30963
2.83506
2.54349
3.11361
3.74036
3.74036
Log Stress,
Stress,
psl
outu
Point
2A
32
1710.
2220.
2230.
381 6.
4110.
4173.
51 84.
8900.
8900.
4s00
3.1 5534
3.67210
3.67210
3.64345
3.66276
3.66276
.$Jp o 2ss2-06
TABLE
Time, h
LOWET
Confidence
Interval
Prediction
Interval
cotl
5864
5487
51 98
5129
481 6
4772
4398
4037
3820
577'l
5379
5003
4641
Mean
1
10
100
1 000
10 000
100 000
438 000
6056
4462
4133
3936
'l
4293
3960
3756
ol
ST
T,
i
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D20 has identified the location of selected chanses to this standard since the last issue (D 2992-01\
that may impact the use of this standard.
1. Scope*
1.1 This
spe<
mosetting resin
filament windin
are a classifica
rected.
(4)
(5)
mechanical pro
test, and markir
1.2 The valur
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as standard. Thr
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1.3 The follo
test method pc
prior to ut
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specification applie
and reinforced poi
only reinforced the
Norn l-The
Norr 2-This
te
s1
ou-tside diameter to
Nore 3-There
2. Referenced l
specificatior
Plastics and
is the di
Current edition
approved
2
in
ap
1971. Lai
For referenced A
328