Simple Dry Fruits

If they open: DEHISCENT

If they dont open: INDEHISCENT

Simple Dry dehiscent Fruits

LEGUME (pod)

LEGUME: splits along two lines of dehiscence. The legume is

derived from a gynoecium with one carpel, with two rows of
ovules. The fruit of the Fabaceae (bean) family.

Simple Dry Dehiscent Fruits

CAPSULE

CAPSULE: originates from two or more fused carpels. The capsules

like those of the lily (Lilium spp.) split length-wise into sections
(valves) corresponding to the number of carpels.

Simple Dry Dehiscent Fruits

CAPSULE

The capsules like those of Papaver spp. (poppy) open and release their
seeds through small pores.

EXPLOSIVE CAPSULES

Impatiens spp.; e.g. Impatiens capensis, Touch-me-not,

Before dehiscence

After

Simple Dry dehiscent Fruits

FOLICLE

FOLICLE: resembles legume but splits along a single line of

dehiscence. The fruit of milkweeds (Asclepias spp.)

Simple Dry Indehiscent Fruits

ACHENE

pappus

pericarp

ACHENE: Pericarp is free (doesnt adhere) to the seed. One of the

most common types of fruit. In Asteraceae (the sunflower family), it
is often accompanied by the pappus which is the persistent calyx.

Fragaria - Strawberry

Origin: Aggregate Fruit

Composition: True + Accessory

flower

hypogynous

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/images/large/strawberryflower.jpg

style + stigma

superior ovary

http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/botany306/terminology/fruit/
images/strawberry-achene.jpg

http://www.preschooleducation.com/postcard/pic/strawberry%202.gif

Descripton (true fruit!): Dry Indehiscent Achene

Simple Dry Indehiscent Fruits

NUT

NUT: is an achene, but bigger; often not accepted as a distinct type

of fruit and referred to as an achene. E.g. the acorns of Oak
(Quercus or the nuts of chestnut tree (Castanea spp.)

Simple Dry Indehiscent Fruits

SAMARA

SAMARA is a winged achene. E.g. Ash (Fraxinus).

Simple Dry Indehiscent Fruits

CARYOPSIS - GRAIN

CARYOPSIS: Like the achene but the pericarp fuses intimately

to the seed. The fruit of grasses (Poaceae).

Dry Fruits
Dehiscent

Follicle-one side

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/FOLLICLE.JPG

Example: milkweed

Legume-two sides

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/LEGUME.JPG

Example: honey locust

Dry Fruits
Indehiscent

Achene - cypsela

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/ACHENE.JPG

Example: sunflower

Grain - caryopsis

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/CORN.JPG

Example: corn

Capsule-multiple

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/CAPSULE.JPG

Example: hibiscus

Nut with involucre

http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/NUT.JPG

Example: oak

Multiple fruit of mulberry (Morus spp.)

Multiple fruit of jackfruit (Arctocarpus incissa)

Capers (Capparis spinosa) (Capparaceae) :

flower bud are eaten"

What are Flowers for?

Plant organ for sexual reproduction

Flowers produce gametes (sex cells)

Alternation of Generations

Alternation of generations

Quiz 2

1. From base to apex, what is the correct order of the
four floral organs?

A.Petals, sepals, stamens, carpels

B.Carpels, stamens, petals, sepals

C.Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels

D.Pedicel, androecium, gynoecium, perianth

E. Perianth, ovary, style, stigma

Quiz 2

Vocabulary question

2. The definition of a legume fruit is:

A. A completely fleshy fruit, with seeds embedded in fleshy

tissue.

B. A fruit derived from a single carpel, which splits along two
lines of dehiscence.

C. A dry, indehiscent fruit in which the pericarp does not fuse
to the seed.

D. A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of two or more fused
carpels.

Quiz 2

Vocabulary question

3. The definition of gynoecium is:

A. The collective term for the calyx and corolla.

B. The collective term for the sepals.

C. The collective term for the stamens.

D. The collective term for all the gamete-producing floral
organs.

E. The collective term for the pistils of a flower.

Quiz 2

Vocabulary question

4. The definition of inflorescence is:

A. A flowering plant.

B. A flower cluster, with a definite arrangement of flowers.

C. A fruit composed of multiple fused carpels.

D. A region of tissue primarily concerned with the formation
of new cells.

E. The same thing as flower.

Quiz 2

Reading question

5. What is a structural difference that exists between the leaves
of most monocots (such as grasses) and those of the
majority of other flowering plants?

A. Monocot leaves develop secondary growth.

B. Most non-monocot leaves develop secondary growth.

C. Most non-monocot leaves are divided into a petiole and a
blade.

D. Most monocot leaves have net venation.

E. Most non-monocot leaves have parallel venation.