Background :

Democracy is a necessity to a nation that has been constructing the order of the
state and the political system. Essentially democracy is just a tool for a nation to
achieve the goal of the nation, because democracy is also the process of every
aspect of the nation and state life that has been accommodate and then develop to
become the constitutional base and the nation way to build the people. Therefore
democracy has to be understood as a whole piece of the constitution and political
history of the nation.
In a journey of a nation, the phenomena of democracy development can be use as a
benchmark of the dynamics development of the constitution, law, and politics of the
nation. Realizing the growth of the democracy we can see it from the historical
phenomena of the nation journey and also the growth of the political and law
system of the nation. The history wrote that every nation that has the democracy
view in the constitution and the civics system undergo a dynamics growth and
fluctuation of the democracy form, therefore understanding the development
phenomena of the democracy in Indonesia , should be start from the history of
Indonesia independence battle, especially the history of the Indonesia diplomacy
and civics development.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
-Budiardjo, Prof. Miriam. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka
Utama, 2013.
"the political concepts , the authority, and the decision making in political science
and also the function of constitution, political group, and the parliament inside and
outside indonesia."
BAB IV : Demokrasi ( pages 105,127-135) this book contain the things like the
Indonesia democracy development.
-Eko, Sutoro. Transisi Demokrasi Indonesia; Runtuhnya Rezim Orde Baru.
Yogyakarta: APMD Press, 2003.
" The journey of the Soeharto era from the beginning until the collapse of the orde
baru and the democracy transition ."
(There are several chapters of this book that contain the data I need this book
contain the transition of the democracy in Indonesia , at the Soeharto era.)
-Feith, Herbert. The Decline Of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. United State:
Equinox Publishing, Copyright 1962,2007 by Cornell University Press.

This book is about the intensive study of Indonesia politics from the attainment of
full independence in December 1949 to the proclamation of material law in March
1957, and president soekarnos subsequent establishment of guided democracy.
( in this book I can take the after independence era of democracy)
-Purnaweni, Hartuti. "Demokrasi Indonesia : dari Masa ke Masa." Jurnal Administrasi
Publik Vol 3 No. 2, UNPAR, , 2004: 4-15.
" the democracy system in Indonesia become the talk of the world not because of
the state or the people but about the various of the democracy system that happen
in Indonesia."
( In this journal I can use the data of democracy from what they call orla or orde
lama , the first era of the democracy after the freedom until f)
-Soebagio. "DISTORSI DALAM TRANSISI DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA." MAKARA,
SOSIAL HUMANIORA, VOL. 13, NO. 2, , DESEMBER 2009: 111-116.
Reformation which shifts democratization of the state gave constructive energy for
Indonesian to reconstruct its democratic state. Therefore, reformation which
became the democratic transition to democratic consolidation, is a phase toward
substancial democratic state who prospers the people in politics, social &
economics. In fact, the democratic transition is not always smooth; many distortions
disturbing the democratic consolidation toward the realization of the democratic
state appear."
( This Journal contain the factual Phenomena of democracy transition in Indonesia
and also the process of the democracy )
-Diaz, Johanes. "Perkembangan Demokrasi di Indonesia ." february 24, 2013.
( this article contain the journey of Indonesian democracy from the first era until
now )
-Kompilasi Hasil Kerja Rutin dan Workshop dan Pertemuan Nasional Forum Politisi.
Konsolidasi Demokrasi. Jakarta: Forum Politisi , 2006.
theres no democracy without political parties, so, there is no strong democracy
without strong political parties .Inside Indonesian political parties and parliament
theres still a weakness , whether in structural or in the infrastructure of
organization.
( in this book contain about the political parties that has a big role in the
development of the Indonesian democracy)
-Pro. Dr. Dahlan Thaib, SH., M.Si. MEMBANGUN KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
BERWAWASAN PANCASILA. Total Media, 2009.

"
( if we talk about the democracy development we also have to talk about the civics
of the state, so in this article I took the information about the history and how the
civics works )
-Maribeth Erb & Priyambudi Sulistiyanto. Deepening Democracy in Indonesia?
Direct Election for Local Leader (Pilkada). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2009
Democracy and Election : what role does the vote have in democracy?, the
question of the vote and its relation to democracy ,discussion about the meaning of
the vote, the different system and their relationship with democracy
( this book contain the material of the public election which is important for the
process of democracy)