Chapter 1

Introduction To
Chemistry

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The Meaning of Chemistry

A study of the

composition, structures,
properties and interaction of matter.

Co St Pr Int
Composition - is amount of chemical in any chemical product
Structure - the arrangement of chemicals in a substance
Properties - behaviour of chemical
Interaction - the reaction between substances with another substance

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Composition & Structure

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MODERN CHEMISTRY
Modern chemistry was

found in 17th century.

A branch of science that deals with matter.
All matter is chemical.

Matter

is any thing that have mass and

can occupy space

All the thing in the environment
whether living or non-living thing
are matters.
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Common chemicals used in

daily life
Sodium chloride, NaCl
Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH
Calcium

carbonate, CaCO3

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The uses of common

chemicals in daily life
Name of
substance

Chemical
Formula

Sodium chloride

NaCl

Uses
As preservatives and
cooking.

Ethanoic acid

CH3COOH

Preservative for fruits and

food flavourings.

Sulphuric acid

H2SO4

Electrolyte in car battery.

Ethanol

C2H5OH

To make alcoholic drinks

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3

Marble tiles, calcium

supplement.

Sodium
bicarbonate

NaHCO3

Baking powder to raise

dough.

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Sodium
bicarbonate

Alcohols

Contains sodium chloride

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Sugar, Coco

Monosodium glutamate
(MSG)

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Occupation & Chemistry

What do you want to do
after SPM ? or
after you leave Polytechnic? or
after you leave University?
Chemistry opens the door to many careers.
In fact, knowledge of chemistry is useful to

almost everyone in every field.

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Occupation & Chemistry

Transportation Petroleum
Medical
Pharmacy
Sports

Formula 1

Social Service

Fire Brigade,
Chemistry Teacher

Fertilizer

Farmer

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Occupation that require the

knowledge of chemistry
Forensic scientist

Horticulturalist

Food technologist

Chemical engineer

Doctor

Cosmetic scientist

Geologist

Biochemist

Environmental scientist Laboratory technician

Pharmacist

Nutritionist

Pathologist

Aqua culturist

Bacteriologist

Etc.

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Guess
their
job?
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Forensic scientist
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Food Technologist
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Doctor
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Geologist
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Environmental Scientist
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Pharmacist
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Pathologist
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Chemical based Industries in

Malaysia
Petronas
Asean Bintulu Fertiliser
Middle Distillate Synthesis

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The Contribution of Chemical based

Industries towards the development of
our country
Create job opportunities
Increase export earning (economy)
Improve health and standard of living

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Scientific Method
Scientific method is

a systematic method
used to solve problems in science.
It usually done to understand the
phenomena of nature.

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Steps in Scientific Method

1
Making observation

6
Controlling variables

7
Planning an experiment

2
Making inference

5
Identifying variables

8
Collecting data

11
Writing report

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3
Identifying problem

4
Making hypothesis

9
Interpreting data

10
Making conclusion

Terms in Scientific Method

Observation

Gathering information using

five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
Inference Making a smart guess or a
tentative explaination about the
phenomenon based on the observation .
Hypothesis Making general statement
about the relationship between a
manipulated variable and a responding
variable in order to explain the question
asked.
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Terms in Scientific Method

Variables

Manipulated, responding and

fixed variables
Record data Record in a table
Interpreting data Organising and
analysing data
Conclusion Making statement about the
outcome of the experiment
Writing report Communicating the
details of the experiment to spread and find
benefit to the findings.
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Writing Report (Format)

Day:
Title:
Aim:
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Fixed variable:
Materials:
Apparatus:
Procedure:
Data and Observation:
Interpreting data:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
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Date: