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Agip KCO
RPW2021A
INTRODUCTION
This section is a guide for calculations regarding the drilling fluid such as capacity of mud,
tanks volumes, tubulars and holes, circulation times, velocity of the mud in the annular and
in the drill pipes and other important calculations. The capacity of calculating muds
formulations and various situations by means of solids and liquids additives is necessary in
fluids engineering.
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
Metric System
Field Unit
Mass
Kilogramme (kg)
Pounds (lb)
Length
Meters (m)
Volume, Capacity
and Displacement
Density
Pounds/gallon (lb/gal)
and pounds/foot3 (lb/ft3)
Pressure
pounds/inch2 (lb/in.2 o
psi)
Concentration
kilogram/cubic meter
(kg/m3)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
CONVERSION FACTORS
Multiply
by
To obtain
Volume
Barrels(bbl)
5.615
Feet3 (ft3)
Barrels(bbl)
0.159
Meters3 (m3)
Barrels(bbl)
42
0.0283
Cubic feet(ft3)
7.48
0.00379
3.785
Litre(l)
6.289
Barrels(bbl)
1,000
Litres(l)
Pounds (lb)
453.6
Grams (g)
Pounds (lb)
0.4536
Kilograms(kg)
Kilograms (kg)
2.204
Pound (lb)
1,000
Kilograms (kg)
0.3048
Metres (m)
Mass or Weight
Length
Feet (ft)
Inches (in.)
2.54
Centimetre(cm)
Inches (in.)
25.4
Milliletre (mm)
Meters (m)
3.281
Feet (ft)
Miles (mi)
1.609
Kilometres (km)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
CONVERSION FACTORS
Multiply
To obtain
by
Pressure
lb/in.2 (psi)
6.8948
lb/in.2 (psi)
0.068948
lb/in.2 (psi)
0.0703
kg/cm2
kiloPascal (kPa)
0.145
lb/in.2 (psi)
bar (bar)
100
kiloPascal (kPa)
bar (bar)
kiloPascal (kPa)
Concentration
pounds/barrels (lb/bbl)
2.853
kg/m3
kilograms/cubic metre(kg/m3)
0.3505
lb/bbl
119.83
kg/m3
0.008345
lb/gal
pound/gallon (lb/gal)
0.11983
g/cm3, kg/l or SG
Density
pounds /gallons (lb/gal)
16.02
g/cm3, kg/l or SG
8.345
lb/gal
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Capacity
Volume
Displacement
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Volume = L x W x H
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Vertical cylindrical tanks
Vcyl = Cylindrical tank capacity
D = Cylinder diameter
Acqua distillata
H = Cylinder height
M = Fluid level
= 3.1416
To calculate the diameter, measure the circumference and divide by 3.1416:
D = Circumference/
The formula to calculate the capacity of a vertical cylindrical tank is:
Vcyl
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
HOLE CALCULATIONS
VCyl
Agip KCO
L
=
2
(2 M D ) MD M
2
D2
D
1 2 M
+
1 +
sin
2
4
D
RPW2021A
10
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Hole Volume
The volume of each interval is calculated as follows:
Hole
section
VHole
D2 W ( in.)
section (bbl / ft ) =
1029
V Hole
Agip KCO
section
D 2 W ( in. )
m /m =
1974
RPW2021A
11
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Pipe
(bbl
/ ft
)=
ID
)=
ID
(in . )
1029
V Pipe
Agip KCO
(l
/ m
(in . )
1974
RPW2021A
12
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Annular volume
The volume of the annular space is determined subtracting the external volume of the drill
string from the hole capacity(or casing).
V Annulus
ID 2 W (in .) OD 2 P (in .)
(bbl/f t ) =
1029
ID 2 W (in.) OD 2 P (in.)
VAnnulus (l/m ) =
1974
Or:
VAnnulus = CapacityWell DisplacementDrillstring CapacityDrillstring
Agip KCO
Annular Volume
RPW2021A
13
HOLE CALCULATIONS
Displacement
The drill string displacement can be estimated (VPipe Displ.) using the OD and the ID
of the drill pipes and the drill collars.
V Pipe
Displaceme
nt
(bbl/ft ) =
OD
(in. ) ID 2 P (in. )
1029
VPipe Displaceme
Agip KCO
OD 2 P (in .) ID 2 P (in .)
nt (l/m ) =
1974
RPW2021A
14
PUMPS CAPACITY
TRIPLEX PUMPS
In the triplex pump, pistons are three and operate in the same direction. Generally, they
are short stroke, (from 6-in. to 12-in.) and operate at rates from 60- to 120-stk/min.
Triplex pump performance calculation formula:
V Pump
Agip KCO
Output
3 x 3 . 1416 xID
Liner
xLxP Eff
RPW2021A
15
PUMPS CAPACITY
Where:
VPump Output = Pumps Performance
IDLiner = Liner Internal Diameter
L = Stroke Length
PEff = Volumetric efficiency (dimensionless)
V Pump
Output
(bbl
/ stk ) =
ID
Liner
V Pump
Agip KCO
Output
(l
/ stk
)=
ID
Liner
RPW2021A
16
PUMPS CAPACITY
DUPLEX PUMPS
The pistons of a duplex pump are two and operate in both directions. The difference
between the calculations for a duplex and for a triplex is that the volume of the rod pistons
must be subtracted form the volume of one of the cylinders plus the difference in number of
cylinders, 4 for a duplex and 3 for a triplex. Generally, the duplex pumps have a longer
stroke (from 10 to 18 in.) and operate at lower rate from 40 to 80-stk/min.
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
17
PUMPS CAPACITY
VPump Output
) ]
2
x ID 2 Liner xL + ID 2 Liner OD 2 Rod xL xPEff
4
Where:
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
18
PUMPS CAPACITY
Pump rate bbl/stroke for a duplex pump with ID liner, OD pipe and stroke length are in
inches:
V Pump
Output
2 xID
(bbl / stk ) =
Liner
(in .) OD
Rod
6174
Eff
V Pump
Agip KCO
Output
(l / stk ) = 2 xID
Liner
(in .) OD
38 . 85
Rod
RPW2021A
19
Eff
ANNULAR VELOCITY
The annular velocity (AV) is the average velocity of the fluid which flows in the
annular space. For a correct well cleaning, a minimum velocity is needed. The latter
depends on a certain number of factors such as ROP, cuttings size, hole inclination,
mud density and rheology.
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
20
ANNULAR VELOCITY
Equations for the calculation of the anular velocity based on pumps rate and the
annular volume:
AV
AV (ft/min
)=
AV (m/min ) =
Agip KCO
Output
Pump
Ann
V Pump
Output
(bbl
/ min
V Ann (bbl / ft )
(l / min )
V Ann (l / m )
VPump
Output
RPW2021A
21
CIRCULATION TIME
The total circulation time is the time (or number of strokes) to make a complete loop,
from the tank, following the path down to the bit, go up from the annular and come
back in the circulating tank.
Agip KCO
VSystem
VPump Output
RPW2021A
22
CIRCULATION TIME
Where:
VSystem = Total attive volume (bbl o m3)
V Pump Output = Pumps capacity (bbl/min o m3/min)
Total circulation (strokes) = Total circulation time (min) x pumps velocity (stks/min)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
23
CIRCULATION TIME
Bottoms-up is the time (or number of strokes) the mud circulates from bottom hole
throught the annular up on the surface.
The bottoms-up is calculated as follows:
Bottom
up time(min)
V Annulus
V Pump
Output
Where:
VAnnulus = Annular volume (bbl or m3)
VPump Output = Pumps capacity (bbl/min or m3/min)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
24
CIRCULATION TIME
Agip KCO
VHole VDrillsringDispl
VPump Output
RPW2021A
25
CIRCULATION TIME
Where:
V Hole = Total well volume (bbl o m3)
V Drillstring Displ = Pipes displacement (bbl o m3)
V Pump Output = Pumps capacity (bbl/min o m3/min)
Complete circulation (strokes) = time for a complete circulation (min) x pumps
velocity(stk/min)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
26
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
The hydrostatic pressure (Ph) is the pressure exerted by a column of liquid and
depends on the density of the fluid and the vertical depth or True Vertical Depth (TVD).
In a well, it is the pressure exerted on the wall to avoid cavings and controls the
formation pressure as well.
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
27
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
P H (bar
)=
Mud Weight
(kg/l )x TVD (m )
10.2
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
28
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Conversion
Agip KCO
factor 0.052 =
12 in./ft
231 in. 3 /gal
RPW2021A
29
EXAMPLES
Data:
Surface Casing: 1,600 m - 133/8-in.
48-lb/ft, (323-mm ID)
Bit diameter: 121/4 in
T.D.: 3,400 m
Drillstring:
Drill Pipe: 5-in. 19.50-lb/ft,
(127-mm OD, 108.6-mm ID),
Drill collars 200 m of 71/4-in. x 23/4-in (185-mm OD x72-mm ID)
Surface systems:
2 tanks: depth 4-m, width 3-m, length 10-m. Both tanks have 2.5 m of mud with
pipes in well.
Mud density: SG 1.50 o 1.5 kg/l
Mud pumps: Triplex: 6 in x 12 in
(152.4 mm x 304.8 mm)
110 stk/min, with 90% efficiency
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
30
EXAMPLES
DC 71/4-in. x 23/4-in
3400 m
Well Diagram
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
31
EXAMPLES
Part I: Determine the capacity of the surface system in m3, m3/m e m3/cm.
VPit (m3) 1 tank = 4 m x 3 m x 10 m = 120 m3
VPit (m3) 2 tanks = 120 m3 x 2 = 240 m3
VPit (m3/m) 2 tanks = 240 m3 4 = 60 m3/m
VPit (m3/cm) 2 tanks = 60 m3/m 100 cm/m = 0.60 m3/cm
Part II: Determine the total volume of the mud on the surface, in m3.
VSurface (m3)= VMud (m3) 2 tanks = 60 m3/m x 2.5 m = 150 m3
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
32
EXAMPLES
Part III: Determine the total volume of the well without drill string.
Calculate the volume of the mud in each interval and sum the volumes.
V Well
(m )
3
ID 2 Well
=
1,273,000
( )
VCsgl m
x L (m
323 2 mm 2
=
x 1,600 (m ) = 131.1 m 3
1,273,000
( )
250.82 mm2
VOH m =
x1,800 (m) = 88.9 m3
1,273,000
3
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
33
EXAMPLES
Part IV: Determine the total volume with the string in the well .
Volume in the string:
V Drillstrin
( )
VDP m
(m )
3
)x
L (m )
108.6 2 (mm )
=
x 3200 (m ) = 29.6 m 3
1,273,000
( )
V DC m
ID 2 DS (mm
=
1,273,000
72 2 (mm
=
1,273,000
x 200 (m ) = 0.8 m 3
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
34
EXAMPLES
Volume in the annulus:
VAnnulus
( )
3
( )
3
( )
3
( )
3
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
35
EXAMPLES
VAnnulus
(m ) = V
3
Total
Ann (Csg DP )
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
36
EXAMPLES
Part V: Determine the circulation total volume.
Part VI: Determine the time needed for a complete circulation and bottoms-up.
VP ump Output (l/min ) = 15.01 (l/stk ) x 110 stk/min = 1,651 (l/min ) = 1.651 m 3 / min
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
37
EXAMPLES
354.5 m 3
Total circulatio n time (min ) =
= 215 min
3
1.651 m /min
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
38
EXAMPLES
( )
V Well/DS m 3
204 .5
= 124 min
1.651
V Annulus
(m )
3
Total
174 . 1
= 106 min
1.651
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
39
EXAMPLES
Part VII: Determine the velocity in the annular per each single interval.
AV =
V Pump
AV(OH/DC) =
AV(OH/DP) =
AV(Csg/DP) =
Agip KCO
Output
Ann
(
(m
VPumpOutput m3 / min
VAnn OH/DC
(
(m
(
(m
RPW2021A
40
EXAMPLES
(bar ) =
P H (bar
Agip KCO
)=
Mud
(kg/l
Weight
)x TVD
(m )
10.2
1.5
(kg/l ) x
10.2
3,400
(m ) =
500
RPW2021A
bars
41
W kg/m
with:
(
d 2 d1 )
) = 4200 (4.2 - d )
2
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
42
W M kg/m
with:
) = 2650
(d 2 d 1 )
(2.65 - d 2 )
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
43
VWater liters/m
with:
) = 1000 x
(d1 d 2 )
(d 2 1)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
44
Voil liters/m
) = 1000 x
(d 1 d 2 )
(d 2 0 .85 )
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
45
with:
(l ) =
M
d
a
a
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
46
VA + VB = VF
(VA x dA)+ (VB x dB) = (VF x dF)
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
47
MUD REPORT
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
48
MUD REPORT
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
49
MUD REPORT
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
50
Agip KCO
RPW2021A
51