EXPT NO:

DATE:
COMPUTATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS
AIM:
To determine the positive sequence line parameters L and C per phase per kilometer of three phase
and double circuit transmission lines for different conductor arrangement.
THEORY:
INDUCTANCE
The inductance is computed from flux linkage per ampere. In the case of the three phase lines, the
inductance of each phase is not the same if conductors are not spaced equilaterally. A different inductance
in each phase results in unbalanced circuit. Conductors are transposed in order to balance the inductance of
the phases and the average inductance per phase is given by simple formulae, which depends on conductor
configuration and conductor radius.
GENERAL FORMULA:
The general formula for computing inductance per phase in mH per km of a transmission is given by
L=0.2 ln(Dm/Ds)
------------------------------------- (1)
Where Dm=Geometric mean Distance (GMD)
Ds=Geometric Mean Radius (GMR)
The expression for GMR and GMD for different arrangement of conductors of the transmission lines is
given in the following section.
Three Phase-Symmetrical Spacing:
GMD=D (1.4)
GMR=r e-1/4=r(1.5)
R=radius of conductor
Three Phase-Asymmetrical Transposed:
GMD=Geometric mean of the three distances of the unsymmetrically placed conductors
=(Dab*Dbc*Dca) ^ (1/3)
GMR=re-(1/4)
r=radius of conductor

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GMR for two sub conductor Ds

Dsb=sqrt (Ds*d)
-----------------------------------------(2)
Bundle Conductors:
EHV lines are constructed with bundle conductors. Bundle conductors improves power transfer capacity
and reduces corona loss, radio interference and surge impedance.
GMR for three sub conductor Ds
Dsb=(Ds*d2) ^ (1/3)
------------------------------------------(3)
GMR for four sub conductor Ds
Dsb=1.09(Ds*d3) ^ (1/4)
------------------------------------------(4)
Where Ds is the GMR of each sub conductor and d is the bundle spacing
L=0.2 ln (GMD/GMR) mH/km

-----------------------------(5)

Capacitance:
A general formula for evaluating capacitance per phase in micro farad per km of a transmission line is given
by
C= 0.0556/(ln Dm/ln Ds)

------------------------------(6)

Where GMD is the Geometric Mean Distance which is the same as that defined for inductance under
various cases.
EXERCISES:
1. A three-phase transposed line composed of one ACSR 1,43,000 cmil, 47/7 Bobolink conductor per
phase with flat horizontal spacing of 11m between phases a and b and between phases b and c.
The conductors have a diameter of 3.625 cm and a GMR of 1.439 cm. The line is to be replaced by
a three conductor bundle of ACSR 4777.000-cmil, 26/7 Hawk conductors having the same cross
sectional area of aluminum as the single conductor line. The conductors have a diameter of
2.1793 cm and a GMR of .8839 cm. The new line will also have a flat horizontal configuration but
it is to be operated at a higher voltage and therefore the phase spacing is increased to 14m as
measured from the centre of the bundles. The spacing between the conductors in the bundle is
45cm.
(a) Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per kilometer of the above two lines.
(b) Verify the results using the available program.
(c) Determine the percentage change in the inductance and capacitance in the bundle conductor
system. Which system is better and why?

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PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<< PROGRAM TO FIND LINE CONSTANTS<<endl;
cout<< ENTER THE VALUE FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR\n<<endl;
float Dab1,D1,Dbc1,Dca1,d1,GMR1,Dm1,Dr1,ll1,cl1,Dab,Dbc,Dca,d,Ds,l2,c2,GMR,D,Dm,l,c;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A AND B IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dab1;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B AND C IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dbc1;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C AND A IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dca1;
cout<<DIAMETER OF CONDUCTOR IN METRE<<ENDL;
cin>>D1;
cout<<ENTER THE GMR IN METRE<<endl;
cin>>GMR1;
Dm1=pow((Dab1*Dbc1*Dca1),0.3333);
Dr1=d1/2;
ll1=0.2*2.303*log10(Dm1/GMR1);
cl1=(0.0556/(2.303*log10(Dm1/Dr1)));
cout<<ENTER THE VALUE OF BUNDLE CONDUCTOR<<endl;
cout<<NO. OF CONDUCTOR IN THE BUNDLE;
cin>>d1;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A AND B IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dab;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B AND C IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dbc;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C AND A IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>Dca;
cout<<DIAMETER OF CONDUCTOR IN METRE<<endl;
cin>>d;
cout<<ENTER THE GMR IN METRE<<endl;
cinn>>GMR;
cout<<ENTER THE BUNDLE SPACING <<endl;
cin>>D;
Dm=pow((Dab*Dbc*Dca),0.3333);
Ds=pow((D*D*GMR),0.3333);

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l2=(0.2*2.303*log10(Dm/Ds));
c2=0.0556/(2.303*log10(Dm/Ds));
l=((ll1-l2)/ll1)*100;
c=((c2-cl1/c2)*100;
cout<<OUTPUT VALUES<<endl;
cout<<FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR<<endl;
cout<<THE INDUCTANCE IS<<ll 1<<mH/km<<endl;
cout<<THE CAPACITANCE IS<<cl 1<<nf/m<<endl;
cout<<FOR BUNDLE CONDUCTOR<<endl;
cout<<THE INDUCTANCE IS<<l2<<mH/km<<endl;
cout<<THE CAPACITANCE IS<<c2<<nf/m<<endl;
cout<<FOR PERCENTAGE VALUES<<endl;
cout<<CHANGE IN INDUCTANCE=<<l<<%<<endl;
cout<<CHANGE IN CAPACITANCE=<<c<<%<<endl;
getch();
}
INPUT DATA:
PROGRAM TO FIND LINE CONSTANTS:
ENTER THE VALUE FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A ABD B IN METRES
11
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B AND C IN METRES
11
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C AND A IN METRES
22
DIAMETER OF CONDUCTOR IN METRE
0.03625
ENTER THE GMR IN METRE
0.01439
ENTER THE VALUE FOR BUNDLE CONDUCTOR
NO. OF CONDUCTOR IN THE BUNDLE
3
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A AND B IN METRES
14

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ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B AND C IN METRES

14
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C AND A IN METRES
28
DIAMETER OF CONDUCTOR IN METRE
0.021793
ENTER THE GMR IN METRE
0.008839
ENTER THE BUNDLE SPACING
0.45
OUTPUT DATA:
FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR
THE INCUCTANCE IS 1.374228mH/km
THE CAPACITANCE IS 0.00837nf/m
FOR BUNDLE CONDUCTOR
THE INDUCTANCE IS 0.995808mH/km
THE CAPACITANCE IS 0.011167nf/m
FOR PERCENTAGE VALUES
CHANGE IN INDUCTANCE =27.536959%
CHANGE IN CAPACITANCE =25.018337%

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2. A single circuit three phase transposed transmission line is composed of four ACSR
1,272,000 cmil conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 14m between phases
a and b and between phases b and c. The bundle spacing is 45m.
The conductor diameter is 3.16m.
(a) Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per kilometer of the line.
(b) Verify the results using available program.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
main ()
{
clrscr ();
float Dab,Dbc,Dca,r,Rgm,Deq,Ds,d,Ds 1,a;
float L,c,L3;
cout<<PROGRAM FOR 1 CIRCUIT & 4 ACSR TO FIND LINE PARAMETERS<<endl;
cout<<-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<<endl;
cout<<INPUT VALUES<<endl;
cout<<-----------------------<<endl;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A & B IN METRES<endl;
cin>>Dab;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B & C IN METRES<endl;
cin>>Dbc;
cout<<ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C & A IN METRES<endl;
cin>>Dca;
cout<<ENTER THE BUNDLE SPACING IN METRES<<endl;
cin>>d;
cout<<ENTER THE RADIUS OF THE CONDUCTOR IN METRES<endl;
cin>>r;
cout<<-----------------------------------<<endl;
cout<<OUTPUT VALUES<<endl;
cout<<--------------------------<<endl;
Rgm=0.778*r;
a=Dab*Dbc*Dca;
Deq=pow(a,0.333);
Ds1=1.09*pow((Rgm*d*d*d),0.25);
Ds=1.09*pow((r*d*d*d),0.25);
cout<<GM RADIUS=<<Rgm<<m<<endl<<EQUIVALENT
DISTANCE=<<Deq<<m<<endl<<SELF DISTANCE=<<Ds<<m<<SELF
DISTANCE1=<<Ds1<<m<<endl;
L=(0.00000046*log10(Deq/Ds1));l
cout<<INDUCTANCE=<<L<<H/m<<endl;

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L3=(0.241/log10(Deq/Ds));
c=(L3*pow(10,-9));
cout<<CAPACITANCE=<<c<<f/m<<endl;
getch ();
}
INPUT VALUES:
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES A AND B IN METERS
14
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES B AND C IN METERS
14
ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PHASES C AND A IN METERS
28
ENTER THE BUNDLE SPACING IN METRES
0.45
ENTER THE RADIUS OF THE CONDUCTOR IN METRES
0.014173
OUTPUTVALUES:
GM RADIUS=0.011207m
EQUIVALENT DISTANCE=17.588343m
SELF DISTANCE=0.206634m
SELF DISTANCE1=0.194965m
INDUCTANCE=9.003482e-07H/m
CAPACITANCE=1.248689e-10f/m

RESULT:
Thus Inductance and Capacitance of transmission line is calculated.

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