POLITICAL SCIENCE

Study of politics
Concerned with the theory and
practice of politics and the
analysis of political systems and
political behavior

employment and other public

support
RIGHT those that we suppose to enjoy as
a human being for us to live

ones basic beliefs about power,

political values, and the role of
government
grows out of economical,
educational, and social
conditions and experiences

One of the many influential

political scientists
The end, justifies the mean.
Florence, Italy

*Political scientists see themselves

engaged in revealing the relationships
underlying political events and conditions.
Political scientists rely on several
important concepts:

POWER the ability to get others

to do what you want. Power can
take many forms, from brute
force to articulate persuasion
GOVERNMENT the organization
of power within a society,
specifically how power is divided
and used

*Philippines is a presidential republic

democratic country
LEGITIMACY occurs when citizens accept
the political decisions made y the
governing body. A government is
considered legitimate if its citizens think is
right, lawful, and proper that the
government should hold power. A threat to
legitimacy seriously undermines the
power of the government.
Fundamental powers of the government:
1.
2.
3.

Police power (they can arrest)

Power of eminent domain (can
buy private properties)
Power of taxation

Political rights
1.
2.
3.

The right to vote (suffrage)

The constitutional rights and
privileges (due process of law)
The right in providing the basic
services such as education,
health and sanitation,

Branches of the government

4 main ideologies in America today:

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

COMMUNISM

1.
2.
3.

Executive department
Judiciary
Legislative

Scope of political science:

1.
2.
3.

Political theory
Public law
Public administration

DEMOCRACY ruled by the people; the

people govern
*Athens introduced democracy
REPUBLIC the people elect
representatives to make and enforce laws
*Romans introduced republic
MONARCHY consists of rule by a king or
queen
a.

b.

Absolute monarchy the ruler

rules by divine right; rule
completely; perform the 3
branches of the government
Limited/constitutional monarchy
the ruler rules in accordance
with a constitution

OLIGRAPHY/ARISTOCRACY ruled by the

aristocrats (ex. Sparta)
DICTATORSHIP ruled by one person or a
group of people

1.
2.
3.
4.

liberalism
conservatism
socialism
libertarianism

LIBERAL (THE LEFT) supports active

federal government in promoting
individual welfare and supporting civil
rights, and accepts peaceful political social
change within the existing political system
(ex. Democrats)
CONSERVATIVE (THE RIGHT) promote a
limited government role in helping
individuals economically, supports
traditional values and lifestyles, favors a
more active role of government in
promoting national security and
approaches charge continuously
*The new right (radical conservatives)

ANARCHISM
-

economic system in which trade,

industry, and the means of
production are largely or entirely
privately owned and operated for
profit
can invest and put up your
business freely
America and Philippines

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT US, all states

have senator
REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT a certain
group (ex. Emilio Aguinaldo)
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

Economic policy that seeks to

place collective ownership of the
means of production and
government management over a
large part of economic activity in
the country
Large percent of industries
controlled by the government
Transitional stage between
capitalism and communism
Karl Marx (Father of Socialism)

Authoritarian political ideology

that considers individuals and
other societal interest
subordinate to the needs of the
state

NAZISM
-

Form of national socialism refers

primarily to the totalitarian
ideology and practices of nazi
party under Adolf Hitler

CONSERVATISM
-

Political and social philosophy

promotes retaining traditional
social institutions in the context
of the culture and civilization

LIBERTARIANISM
-

SOCIALISM
PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT union of
two branches of government legislature
and executive; Prime Minister leader (ex.
Singapore, Malaysia, UK)

Political philosophy centered of

rejection of any form of
compulsory government and
supporting its elimination

FASCISM

Different kinds of ideologies:

CAPITALISM

Ideology that seeks to establish

a classless, stateless social
organization based on common
ownership of the means of
productions
All business will be
controlled/owned by the
government

Ideology that cherishes

individual liberty above all else
and favors a sharply limited
state and federal government

ORGANIC LAW/FUNDAMENTAL LAW

-

A constitution is a particular form

of organic law for a sovereign
state
A law or system of laws which
forms the foundation of a
government, corporation or
other organizations body of
rules

Philippine Organic Act (1902)

Philippine Bill of 1902

Cooper Act