Five

Common
STIs
Submitted by:

KIMBERLY ANN A. ALCAZAREN

BSN II-B

Submitted to:

PROF. JANE P. DANIEL

Clinical Instructor

CBC prep= Make sure to wear a short-sleeved shirt, or a shirt with sleeves that can be easily
rolled up. Typically, you can eat and drink normally before a CBC. However, if the blood sample
will be used for additional testing, your doctor may require that you fast for a specific amount of
time before the test. Your doctor will give you specific instructions.
Coagulation tests measure your bloods ability to clot, as well as how long it takes. Testing can
help your doctor assess your risk of excessive bleeding or developing clots (thrombosis)
somewhere in your blood vessels.
Most coagulation tests are given in the same manner as most blood tests. Side effects and risks
are minimal. A blood sample is sent to a laboratory for testing and analysis.
Purpose of Coagulation Test
Clotting disorders can cause a dangerous amount of bleeding or clotting. If your doctor suspects
you have a clotting disorder, he or she may recommend one or more coagulation tests. These
tests measure various proteins and how they function.
Conditions that cause coagulation problems include liver disease, thrombophilia (excessive
clotting), and hemophilia (inability to clot normally). Coagulation tests are also useful in
monitoring people who take medications that affect clotting ability.
Coagulation tests are conducted the same way as most blood tests. You may be required to
discontinue taking certain medications prior to the test. No other preparation is necessary.
Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot. A
prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check
whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working.
Prothrombin time (PT) is measured to:
Find a cause for abnormal bleeding or bruising.
Check for low levels of blood clotting factors.
Check for a low level of vitamin K.
Check how well the liver is working.
Check to see if the body is using up its clotting factors so quickly that the blood can't clot and
bleeding does not stop.
No test preparation is needed. If a person is receiving anticoagulant therapy, the specimen should
be collected before the daily dose is taken.

Urinalysis is a test that evaluates a sample of your urine. Urinalysis is used to detect and assess a
wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infection, kidney disease and diabetes.
A routine urinalysis may be done when someone is admitted to the hospital. It may also be part
of a wellness exam, a new pregnancy evaluation, or a work-up for a planned surgery. A urinalysis
will most likely be performed when a person sees a health care provider complaining of
symptoms of a UTI or other urinary system problem such as kidney disease.
This test can also be useful when monitoring certain conditions over time.
If your urine is being tested only for urinalysis, you can eat and drink normally before the test. If
you're having other tests at the same time, you may need to fast for a certain amount of time
before the test. Your doctor will give you specific instructions.
Many drugs, including nonprescription medications and supplements, can affect the results of a
urinalysis. Before a urinalysis, tell your doctor about any medications, vitamins or other
supplements you're taking.
Obstetric ultrasonography- used to visualize the embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb).,
involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the
inside of the body.
The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care, as it yields a variety of information regarding
the health of the mother and of the fetus, the progress of the pregnancy, and further information
on the baby.
Most ultrasound exams require no preparation, with a few exceptions:
For some ultrasound exams, such as of the gallbladder, your doctor may ask that you not eat or
drink for up to 6 hours before the exam.
Other ultrasound exams, such as of the pelvis, may require a full bladder, so your doctor might
ask you to drink up to six glasses of water two hours before the exam and not urinate until the
exam is completed.
When scheduling your ultrasound, ask your doctor for specific instructions for your exam.