GATE EE Vol-4 PDF

GATE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Vol 4 of 4
Second Edition
GATE
Vol 4 of 4
RK Kanodia
Ashish Murolia
NODIA & COMPANY
GATE Electrical Engineering Vol 4, 2e

RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY

Information contained in this book has been obtained by author, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither NODIA & COMPANY nor its author guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein,
and NODIA & COMPANY nor its author shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of
use of this information. This book is published with the understanding that NODIA & COMPANY and its author
are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services.
MRP 690.00
NODIA & COMPANY
B 8, Dhanshree Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039

Ph : +91 141 2101150,
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
Printed by Nodia and Company, Jaipur
SYLLABUS
GENERAL ABILITY
Verbal Ability : English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups,
instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.
Numerical Ability : Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and
data interpretation.
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and
improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series.
Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss
and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear
differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchys
and Eulers equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and
variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral formula,
Taylors and Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and
standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson,Normal
and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods
for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform,Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient
response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts;
ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenins, Nortons and Superposition and Maximum
Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric
field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Amperes and
Biot-Savarts laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.
Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and
scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of
continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.
Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests,
regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers connections, parallel operation; autotransformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines types, windings, generator
characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors;
three phase induction motors principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and
speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines performance, regulation
and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and
stepper motors.
Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance;
cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit
quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor
correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit
breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission
and FACTS concepts.
Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors;
Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state
space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability.
Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron,
dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy
and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time
and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.
Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers biasing,
equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational
amplifiers characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers;
combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators;
sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture,
programming and interfacing.
Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs,
GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering
circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters fully controlled and half controlled;
principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.
***********
CONTENTS
EM
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
EM 1
Transformer
EM 2
DC Generator
36
EM 3
DC Motor
57
EM 4
Synchronous Generator
87
EM 5
Synchronous Motor
119
EM 6
Induction Motor
139
EM 7
Single Phase Induction Motor & Special Purpose Machines
166
EM 8
Gate Solved Questions
181
PS
POWER SYSTEM
PS 1
Fundamentals of Power System
PS 2
Transmission Lines
28
PS 3
Load Flow Studies
66
PS 4
Symmetrical Fault Analysis
82
PS 5
Symmetrical Components and Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
109
PS 6
Power System Stability and Protection
134
PS 7
Power System Control
162
PS 8
179
MA
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
MA 1
Linear Algebra
MA 2
Differential Calculus
27
MA 3
Integral Calculus
51
MA 4
Directional Derivatives
73
MA 5
Differential Equation
85
MA 6
Complex Variable
110
MA 7
Probability & Statistics
132
MA 8
Numerical Methods
153
MA 9
171
VA
VERBAL ABILITY
VA 1
Synonyms
VA 2
Antonyms
18
VA 3
Agreement
29
VA 4
Sentence Structure
42
VA 5
Spellings
65
VA 6
Sentence Completion
95
VA 7
Word Analogy
123
VA 8
Reading Comprehension
152
VA 9
Verbal Classification
168
VA 10
Critical Reasoning
174
VA 11
Verbal Deduction
190
QA
QUANTITATIVE ABILITY
QA 1
Number System
QA 2
Surds, Indices and Logarithm
16
QA 3
Sequences and Series
30
QA 4
Averages, Mixture and Alligation
47
QA 5
Ratio, Proportion and Variation
61
QA 6
Percentage
78
QA 7
Interest
92
QA 8
Time, Speed & Distance
102
QA 9
Time, Work & Wages
116
QA 10
Data Interpretation
130
QA 11
Number Series
151
***********
GATE EE vol-1
Electric circuit & Field, Electrical & electronic measurement
GATE EE vol-2
Analog electronics, Digital electronics, Power electronics
GATE EE vol-3
Control systems, Signals & systems
GATE EE vol-4
PE 911
MA
EF
Electrical machines, Power systems
Engineering mathematics, General Aptitude
PE 991
MA
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
LINEAR ALGEBRA
MA 1.1
in
.
o
c
.
ia
R
V
S 0 1 - 2W
If A = S- 1 0 3W is a singular matrix, then l is ____
S
W
S 2 - 2 lW
T
X
d
o
MA 1.2
If A and B are square matrices of order 4 # 4 such that A = 5B and A = a B ,

then a is _____
MA 1.3
If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB = A and BA = A ,
then A and B are both
(A) Singular
(B) Idempotent
(C) Involutory
(D) None of these
n
.
w
w
MA 1.4
R- 5 - 8 0V
W
S
The matrix, A = S 3 5 0W is
SS 1 2 - 1WW
X
(A) Idempotent T
(C) Singular
MA 1.5
MA 1.6
(B) Involutory
(D) None of these
Every diagonal element of a skew-symmetric matrix is

(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) Purely real
(D) None of these
R
S
The matrix, A = SS
S
T
(A) Orthogonal
(C) Unitary
i VW
1
2
2W
i - i W is
2
2W
X
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d
(B) Idempotent
(D) None of these
o
n
MA 1.7
Every diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix is

(A) Purely real
(B) 0
(C) Purely imaginary
(D) 1
MA 1.8
Every diagonal element of a Skew-Hermitian matrix is

(A) Purely real
(B) 0
(C) Purely imaginary
(D) 1
MA 1.9
If A is Hermitian, then iA is
(A) Symmetric
(C) Hermitian
.
w
w
(B) Skew-symmetric
(D) Skew-Hermitian
Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4
MA 1
GATE Electrical Engineering-2015

in 4 Volumes
by R. K. Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
PE
MA1110
EF
MA 1.10
MA 1.11
MA 1.12
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
If A is Skew-Hermitian, then i A is
(A) Symmetric
(C) Hermitian
MA 1.14
MA 1.15
MA 1.16
(B) Skew-symmetric
(D) Skew-Hermitian
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
R- 1 - 2 - 2V
W
S
If A = S 2 1 - 2W, then adj. A is equal to
SS 2 - 2 1WW
X
T
(A) A
(B) cT
(C) 3AT
(D) 3A
-1 2
The inverse of the matrix >
is
3 - 5H
5 2
(A) > H
3 1
-5 -2
(C) >
- 3 - 1H
MA 1.13
PE
101
MA10
EF
5 3
(B) > H
2 1
(D) None of these
R1 0 0V
W
S
Let A = S5 2 0W, then A-1 is equal to
SS3 1 2WW
R 2 0 0V
R 4T 0 X 0V
S
W
S
W
(B) 1 S- 5 1 0W
(A) 1 S 10 2 0W
2S
4S
S- 1 - 1 2WW
S- 1 - 1 2WW
T
X
X
R T1
0 0VW
S
(C) S- 10 2 0W
(D) None of these
SS - 1 - 1 2WW
T
X
R2 - 1 3V
S
W
If the rank of the matrix, A = S4 7 lW is 2, then the value of l is ____
SS1 4 5WW
T
X
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
Let A and B be non-singular square matrices of the same order. Consider the
following statements
(I) (AB)T = AT BT
(II) (AB) -1 = B-1 A-1
(III) adj(AB) = (adj.A) (adj.B)
(IV) r (AB) = r (A) r (B)
(V) AB = A . B
Which of the above statements are false ?
(A) I, III & IV
(B) IV & V
(C) I & II
(D) All the above
R2 1 - 1V
S
W
The rank of the matrix A = S0 3 - 2W is _____
SS2 4 - 3WW
T
X
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-4
PE1111
MA
EF
The system of equations 3x - y + z = 0 , 15x - 6y + 5z = 0 , lx - 2y + 2z = 0 has
a non-zero solution, if l is ____
GATE EE vol-3
PE 11
11
MA
1
EF
MA 1.18
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
The system of equation x - 2y + z = 0 , 2x - y + 3z = 0 , lx + y - z = 0 has the

trivial solution as the only solution, if l is
(B) l = 4
(A) l ! - 4
5
3
in
.
o
c
.
ia
(C) l ! 2
MA 1.19
(D) None of these
The system equations x + y + z = 6 , x + 2y + 3z = 10 , x + 2y + lz = 12 is

inconsistent, if l is
(A) 3
(B) - 3
d
o
n
.
w
w
(C) 0
MA 1.20
(D) None of these
The system of equations 5x + 3y + 7z = 4 , 3x + 26y + 2z = 9 , 7x + 2y + 10z = 5

has
(A) a unique solution
(B) no solution
(C) an infinite number of solutions
(D) none of these
MA 1.21
If A is an n -row square matrix of rank (n - 1), then

(A) adj A = 0
(B) adj A ! 0
(C) adj A = In
(D) None of these
MA 1.22
The system of equations x - 4y + 7z = 14 , 3x + 8y - 2z = 13 , 7x - 8y + 26z = 5

has
(B) no solution
(C) an infinite number of solution
(D) none of these
MA 1.23
MA 1.24
MA 1.25
3 4
The eigen values of A = >
are
9 - 5H
(A) ! 1
(C) - 1, - 1
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d
(B) 1, 1
(D) None of these
o
n
R 8 - 6 2V
W
S
The eigen values of A = S- 6 7 - 4W are
SS 2 - 4 3WW
X
T
(A) 0, 3, - 15
(B) 0, - 3, - 15
(C) 0, 3, 15
(D) 0, - 3, 15
.
w
w
If the eigen values of a square matrix be 1, - 2 and 3, then the eigen values of
the matrix 2A are
(A) 12 , - 1, 32
(B) 2, - 4, 6
(C) 1, - 2, 3
(D) None of these
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
MA 1.17
GATE EE vol-2

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1112
EF
MA 1.26
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
121
MA12
EF
If A is a non-singular matrix and the eigen values of A are 2, 3, - 3 then the

eigen values of A-1 are
(A) 2, 3, - 3
(B) 12 , 13 , - 13
(C) 2 A , 3 A , - 3 A
(D) None of these
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
MA 1.27
If - 1, 2, 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then the eigen values of
A2 are
(B) 1, 4, 9
(A) - 1, 2, 3
(C) 1, 2, 3
(D) None of these
MA 1.28
If 2, - 4 are the eigen values of a non-singular matrix A and A = 4 , then the

eigen values of adj A are
(B) 2, - 1
(A) 1 , - 1
2
(C) 2, - 4
(D) 8, - 16
MA 1.29
If 2 and 4 are the eigen values of A then the eigen values of AT are
(A) 12 , 14
(B) 2, 4
(C) 4, 16
(D) None of these
MA 1.30
If 1 and 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then A3 is equal to

(A) 13 (A - I 2)
(B) 13A - 12I 2
(C) 12 (A - I 2)
(D) None of these
MA 1.31
If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 2 then A(adjA) is equal to

R1
V
S 0 0W
R2 0 0V
S2
W
S
W
(A) S0 2 0W
(B) S0 1 0W
S 2 W
SS0 0 2WW
S0 0 1 W
TR
XV
S
2W
S1 0 0W
T
X
(C) S0 1 0W
(D) None of these
SS0 0 1WW
X
T
R8 2 3V
S
W
The sum of the eigenvalues of A = S4 5 9W is equal to ____
SS2 0 5WW
T
X
MA 1.32
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
MA 1.33
If 1, 2 and 5 are the eigen values of the matrix A then A is equal to ____
MA 1.34
If the product of matrices
cos2 q cos q sin q

cos2 f cos f sin f
and B = >
A =>
H
H
2
cos q sin q sin q
cos f sin f
sin2 f
is a null matrix, then q and f differ by

(A) an odd multiple of p
(B) an even multiple of p
(C) an odd multiple of p/2
(D) an even multiple p/2
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-4
PE1311
MA
EF
If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB are both defined, then A
and B are
(A) both null matrices
(B) both identity matrices
(C) both square matrices of the same order
(D) None of these
GATE EE vol-3
PE 13
13
MA
1
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
in
.
o
MA 1.36
c
.
ia
3 -4
If A = >
, then for every positive integer n, An is equal to
1 - 1H
1 + 2n 4n
1 + 2n - 4n
(B) >
(A) >
H
n
1 + 2n
n
1 - 2nH
1 - 2n 4n
(C) >
(D) None of these
n
1 + 2nH
d
o
MA 1.37
n
.
w
w
cos a sin a
If A a = >
, then consider the following statements :
- sin a cos aH
I. A a : A b = A ab
II. A a : A b = A (a + b)
n
n
cos na sin na
cos a sin a
III. (A a) n = >
IV. (A a) n = >
n
n H
sin na cos naH
- sin a cos a
Which of the above statements are true ?

(A) I and II
(B) I and IV
(C) II and III
(D) II and IV
MA 1.38
If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 3 , then adj(adjA) is equal to :

(A) 3A
(B) 9A
(C) 27A
(D) none of these
MA 1.39
If A is a 3-rowed square matrix, then adj(adj A) is equal to

(A) A 6
(B) A 3
(C) A 4
(D) A 2
MA 1.40
If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 2 , then adj (adj A2) is equal to
(A) 2 4
(B) 28
(C) 216
(D) None of these
MA 1.41
i. n
o
.c
R1
S
If A = S2
SS1
R1 T4V
S W
(A) S3 2W
SS2 5WW
RT2 3VX
S W
(C) S3 1W
SS2 7WW
T X
o
n
2VW
1W then A-1 is
1WW
X
.
w
w
a
i
d
R 1 - 2V
S
W
(B) S- 2 1W
SS 1 2WW
T
X
(D) Undefined
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
MA 1.35
GATE EE vol-2

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1114
EF
MA 1.42
MA 1.43
MA 1.44
MA 1.45
MA 1.46
MA 1.47
MA 1.48
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
141
MA14
EF
2x 0
1 0
If A = >
and A-1 = >
, then the value of x is ____
H
x x
- 1 2H
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
R- 1 - 8 - 10V
S
W
1 -2 -5
If A = S- 1 - 2
then AB is
5 W and B = >
3 4 0H
SS 9 22 15WW
R- 1T - 8 - 10V X
R 0
0 - 10VW
S
W
S
(B) S- 1 - 2 - 5 W
(A) S- 1 - 2
5W
SS 9 22 15 WW
SS 0 21 - 15WW
TR
XV
TR
VX
S- 1 - 8 - 10W
S0 - 8 - 10W
(C) S 1 - 2 - 5 W
(D) S1 - 2 - 5 W
SS 9 22 15WW
SS9 21 15WW
X
X
T
T
1 2 0
If A = >
, then AAT is
3 - 1 4H
1 3
(A) >
- 1 4H
1 0 1
(B) >
- 1 2 3H
5 1
(C) >
1 26H
(D) Undefined
The matrix, that has an inverse is

3 1
(A) > H
6 2
5 2
(B) > H
2 1
6 2
(C) > H
9 3
8 2
(D) > H
4 1
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
The skew symmetric matrix is

R 0 - 2 5V
R1 5 2V
W
W
S
S
(B) S6 3 1W
(A) S 2 0 6W
SS- 5 - 6 0WW
SS2 4 0WW
X
XV
TR
RT0 1 3V
S
W
S0 3 3W
(C) S1 0 5W
(D) S2 0 2W
SS3 5 0WW
SS1 1 0WW
T
X
T
X
R1V
S W
1 1 0
If A = >
and B = S0W, the product of A and B is
H
1 0 1
SS1WW
T X
1
1 0
(B) > H
(A) > H
0
0 1
1
1 0
(C) = G
(D) = G
2
0 2
A B
Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D = >
. The value of B is
C 0H
(B) 1
(A) 1
2
2
(C) 1
(D) 0
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-4
PE1511
MA
EF
is a triangular matrix then det A is
GATE EE vol-3
PE 15
15
MA
1
EF
If A n # n
(A)
(C)
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
% (- 1) a
(B)
ii
i=1
n
/ (- 1) a
(D)
ii
i=1
MA 1.50
ii
i=1
n
/a
in
.
o
ii
i=1
t2 cos t
If A = > t
will be
H, then dA
dt
e sin t
t2 sin t
(A) > t
H
e sin t
2t - sin t
(C) > t
e
cos tH
MA 1.51
%a
c
.
ia
d
o
n
.
w
w
2t cos t
(B) > t
e sin t H
(D) Undefined
If A ! R n # n, det A ! 0 , then
(A) A is non singular and the rows and columns of A are linearly independent.
(B) A is non singular and the rows A are linearly dependent.
(C) A is non singular and the A has one zero rows.
(D) A is singular.
MA 1.52
5 3
For the matrix A = >
, ONE of the normalized eigen vectors given as
1 3H
1
1
(A) >
2
3
2
(C) >-
MA 1.53
(B) >-
3
10
1
10
(D) >
1
5
2
5
2
1
2
The system of algebraic equations x + 2y + z = 4 , 2x + y + 2z = 5 and

x - y + z = 1 has
(A) a unique solution of x = 1, y = 1 and z = 1.
(B) only the two solutions of (x = 1, y = 1, z = 1) and (x = 2, y = 1, z = 0)
(C) infinite number of solutions
(D) no feasible solution
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d
MA 1.54
Eigen values of a real symmetric matrix are always

(A) positive
(B) negative
(C) real
(D) complex
MA 1.55
Consider the following system of equations
o
n
.
w
w
2x1 + x2 + x 3 = 0
x2 - x 3 = 0
x1 + x 2 = 0
This system has

(C) infinite number of solutions
(B) no solution
(D) five solutions
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
MA 1.49
GATE EE vol-2

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1116
EF
MA 1.56
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
2 2
H is
One of the eigen vectors of the matrix A = >
1 3
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
2
(A) > H
-1
4
(C) > H
1
MA 1.57
PE
161
MA16
EF
2
(B) > H
1
1
(D) > H
-1
3
5
For a matrix 6M @ = >

x
4
5
3
5
H, the transpose of the matrix is equal to the
inverse of the matrix, 6M @ = 6M @ . The value of x is given by
(A) - 4
5
(C) 3
5
MA 1.58
MA 1.59
R1
S
The matrix S3
SS1
T
other two eigen
(A) p
(C) p - 2
2 4VW
0 6W has one eigen value equal to 3. The sum of the
1 pWW
valueX is
(B) p - 1
(D) p - 3
For what value of a, if any will the following system of equation in x, y and z have
a solution ?
MA 1.62
2x + 3y = 4
x+y+z = 4
3x + 2y - z = a
(B) 0
(D) There is no such value
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
1
1
1 2
The eigen vector of the matrix >
are written in the form > H and > H. What
H
a
b
0 2
is a + b ?
(A) 0
(B) 1
2
(C) 1
MA 1.61
-1
(B) - 3
5
(D) 4
5
(A) Any real number

(C) 1
MA 1.60
(D) 2
If a square matrix A is real and symmetric, then the eigen values

(A) are always real
(B) are always real and positive
(C) are always real and nonnegative
(D) occur in complex conjugate pairs
2 1
H is
The number of linearly independent eigen vectors of >
0 2
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) infinite
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE1711
MA
EF
PE 17
17
MA
1
EF
The system of equations

x+y+z = 6
x + 4y + 6y = 20
x + 4y + l z = m
in
.
o
has NO solution for values of l and given by

(A) l = 6, m = 20
(B) l = 6, m =
Y 20
(C) l =
(D) l =
Y 6, m = 20
Y 6, m = 20
MA 1.64
MA 1.65
c
.
ia
The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are

(A) always zero
(B) always pure imaginary
(C) either zero or pure imaginary
(D) always real
d
o
n
.
w
w
The Taylor series expansion of sin x at x = p is given by

x-p
2
(x - p)
(x - p) 2
(A) 1 +
(B) - 1 + ...
+ ...
3!
3!
(x - p) 2
+ ...
3!
(C) 1 MA 1.66
MA 1.67
(D) - 1 +
(x - p) 2
+ ...
3!
The Eigen values of following matrix are

V
R
S- 1 3 5 W
S- 3 - 1 6 W
SS 0 0 3 WW
X
(A) 3, 3 + 5j, T6 - j
(B) - 6 + 5j, 3 + j, 3 - j
(C) 3 + j, 3 - j, 5 + j
(D) 3, - 1 + 3j, - 1 - 3j
p11 p12
All the four entries of the 2 # 2 matrix P = =
are nonzero, and one of its
p21 p22 G
eigenvalue is zero. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) p11 p12 - p12 p21 = 1
(B) p11 p22 - p12 p21 =- 1
(C) p11 p22 - p12 p21 = 0
(D) p11 p22 + p12 p21 = 0
i. n
o
.c
MA 1.68
The system of linear equations 4x + 2y = 7 , 2x + y = 6 has

(B) no solution
(C) an infinite number of solutions
(D) exactly two distinct solutions
MA 1.69
The equation sin (z) = 10 has

(A) no real or complex solution
(B) exactly two distinct complex solutions
(C) a unique solution
(D) an infinite number of complex solutions
MA 1.70
Which of the following functions would have only odd powers of x in its Taylor
series expansion about the point x = 0 ?
(A) sin (x3)
(B) sin (x2)
(C) cos (x3)
(D) cos (x2)
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
************
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
MA 1.63
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1118
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
181
MA18
EF
SOLUTIONS
MA 1.1
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
Correct answer is - 2 .
A is singular if A = 0
R
V
S 0 1 - 2W
S- 1 0 3W = 0
&
S
W
S 2 - 2 lW
T
X
1 -2
0 3
1 -2
& - (- 1)
=0
+2
+0
-2 l
-2 l
0 3
&
&
(l - 4) + 2 (3) = 0
l - 4 + 6 = 0 & l =- 2
MA 1.2
Correct answer is 625.

If k is a constant and A is a square matrix of order n # n then kA - kn A .
A = 5B & A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B
&
a = 625
MA 1.3
Correct option is (B).

A is singular, if A = 0
A is Idempotent, if A2 = A
A is Involutory, if A2 = I
Now,
A2 = AA = (AB) A = A (BA) = AB = A
and
B2 = BB = (BA) B = (AB) = BA = B
&
A2 = A and B2 = B ,
Thus A & B both are Idempotent.
MA 1.4

R- 5 - 8 0VR- 5 - 8 0V
S
WS
W
Since,
A2 = S 3 5 0WS 3 5 0W
SS 1 2 - 1WWSS 1 2 - 1WW
XT
X
RT1 0 0V
W
S
= S0 1 0W = I , A2 = I & A is involutory.
SS0 0 1WW
X
T
MA 1.5

Let A = aij be a skew-symmetric matrix, then
AT =- A , & aij =- aij ,
if i = j then aii =- aii & 2aii = 0 & aii = 0
Thus diagonal elements are zero.
MA 1.6
Correct option is (C).

A is orthogonal if AAT = I
A is unitary if AAQ = I , where AQ is the conjugate transpose of A i.e., AQ = (A)T .
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE1911
MA
EF
PE 19
19
MA
1
EF
R
S
Q
AA = SS
S
T
Thus A is unitary.
1
i VWRS
2
2 WS
i - 1 WS2
2 WS
XT
i VW
1
1 0
2
2W
i - 1 W = >0 1H = I 2
2
2W
X
in
.
o
c
.
ia
MA 1.7
Correct option is (A).

A square matrix A is said to Hermitian if AQ = A . So aij = a ji . If i = j then
aii = a ii i.e. conjugate of an element is the element itself and aii is purely real.
MA 1.8

A square matrix A is said to be Skew-Hermitian if AQ =- A . If A is SkewHermitian then AQ =- A
&
a ji =- aij ,
If i = j then a ii =- aii & aii + a ii = 0 it is only possible when aii is purely
imaginary.
d
o
n
.
w
w
MA 1.9
Correct option is (D).

A is Hermitian then AQ = A
Now, (iA)Q = i AQ =- iAQ =- iA, & (iA)Q =- (iA)
Thus iA is Skew-Hermitian.
MA 1.10

A is Skew-Hermitian then AQ =- A
Now, (iA)Q = i AQ =- (- A) = iA then iA is Hermitian.
MA 1.11

If A = [aij ] n # n then det A = [cij ]Tn # n where cij is the cofactor of aij
Also cij = (- 1) i + j Mij , where Mij is the minor of aij , obtained by leaving the
row and the column corresponding to aij and then take the determinant of the
remaining matrix.
1 -2
Now,
M11 = minor of a11 i.e. - 1 =
=- 3
-2 1
Similarly
2 -2
2 1
M12 =
= 6 ; M13 =
=- 6
2 1
2 -2
i. n
o
.c
o
n
.
w
w
M21
a
i
d
-2 -2
-1 -2
=
=- 6 ; M22 =
= 3;
-2 1
2 1
M23 =
-1 -2
-2 -2
= 6 ; M 31 =
= 6;
2 -2
1 -2
M 32 =
-1 -2
-1 -2
= 6 ; M 33 =
=3
2 -2
2 1
C11 = (- 1) 1 + 1 M11 =- 3; C12 = (- 1) 1 + 2 M12 =- 6;

C13 = (- 1) 1 + 3 M13 =- 6; C21 = (- 1) 2 + 1 M21 = 6;
C22 = (- 1) 3 + 1 M 31 = 6; C23 = (- 1) 2 + 3 M23 =- 6 ;
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
Here,
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1120
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
201
MA20
EF
C 31 = (- 1) 3 + 1 M 31 = 6; C 32 = (- 1) 3 + 2 M 32 =- 6;
C 33 = (- 1) 3 + 3 M 33 = 3
RC C C VT
R- 3 - 6 - 6V
R- 1 - 2 - 2V
S 11 12 13W
S
W
S
W
det A = SC21 C22 C23W = S 6 3 - 6W = 3 S 2 1 - 2W = 3AT
SSC C C WW
SS 6 - 6 3WW
SS 2 - 2 1WW
31
32
33
X
T
X
T
X
T
MA 1.12
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w

Since
A-1 = 1 adjA
A
Now, Here
Also, adj
A =
-5 -3 T
-5 -2
A =>
& adjA = >
H
-2 -1
- 3 - 1H
A-1 =
MA 1.13
-1 2
=- 1
3 -5
1 >- 5 - 2H = >5 2H
-1 -3 -1
3 1

Since,
A-1 = 1 adjA
A
1 0 0
A = 5 2 0 = 4 ! 0,
3 1 2
R4 10 - 1V T R 4
0
S
W
S
adj A = S0
2 - 1W = S 10 2
SS0
SS - 1 - 1
0
2WW
TR
X VT
4
0
0W
S
A-1 = 1 S 10 2 0W
4S
S - 1 - 1 2WW
T
X
MA 1.14
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w

A matrix A (m # n) is said to be of rank r if
(i) it has at least one non-zero minor of order r , and
(ii) all other minors of order greater than r ,
if any; are zero. The rank of A is denoted by r (A). Now, given that r (A) = 2 "
minor of order greater than 2 i.e., 3 is zero.
R2 - 1 3V
W
S
Thus A = S4 7 lW = 0
SS1 4 5WW
X
T
&
2 (35 - 4l) + 1 (20 - l) + 3 (16 - 7) = 0
&
70 - 8l + 20 - l + 27 = 0 ,
&
MA 1.15
0VW
0W
2WW
X
9l = 117 & l = 13

The correct statements are
(AB)T = BT AT , (AB) -1 = B-1 A-1,
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE2111
MA
EF
PE 21
21
MA
1
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
MA 1.16
in
.
o
Since
c
.
ia
A = 2 (- 9 + 8) + 2 (- 2 + 3) =- 2 + 2 = 0 & r (A) < 3

2 1
Again, one minor of order 2 is
r (A)= 2
=6!0 &
0 3
MA 1.17
R
S3
Here, the coefficient matrix A = S15
S
Sl
T
For a non-trivial (non-zero) solution
n
.
w
w
&
&
V
1W
5W
W
2W
X
r (A) < 3
-1
-6
-2
A =0
3 -1
15 - 6
l -2
1
5 =0
2
3 0 1
15 - 1 5 = 0 (C2 + C1 & C2)
l 0 2
- 1 (6 - l) = 0 & l = 6
&
&
MA 1.18
d
o
R
V
S1 - 2 1W
Here, coefficient matrix A = S2 - 1 3W for trivial solution r (A) = 3 i.e., A ! 0
S
W
Sl 1 - 1W
T
X
1 -2 1
&
2 - 1 3 ! 0,
l 1 -1
i. n
o
.c
o
n
&
MA 1.19
a
i
d
1 (1 - 3) + 2 (- 2 - 3l) + 1 (2 + l) ! 0
- 2 - 4 - 6l + 2 + l ! 0
&
&
.
w
w
- 5l - 4 ! 0 & l ! - 4
5

Equation Ax = B is consistent only if r (A) = r (A: B)
Otherwise system is said to be inconsistent i.e. possesses no solution. Now,
R
V
S1 1 1 : 6 W
[A: B] = S1 2 3 : 10W
S
W
S1 2 l : 12W
XV
RT
S1 1 1 6W
R 2 - R1 & R 2
= S1 1 2 4W
f
R 3 - R1 & R 3 p
S
W
S1 2 l - 1 2W
T
X
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
adj (AB) = adj (B) adj (A)

r (AB) ! r (A) r (B), AB = A . B
Thus statements I, III, and IV are wrong.

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1122
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
R
V
S1 1 1 6W
= S0 1 2 4W
S
W
S0 0 l - 3 2W
T
X
&
r (A: B) = 3
1 1 6
As one of the minor 0 1 4 ! 0
0 0 2
Now, system is inconsistent if
r (A)! r (A: B) i.e. r (A) ! 3
PE
221
MA22
EF
(R 3 - R2 & R 3)
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
It is possible only when l - 3 = 0 i.e. l = 3
MA 1.20

The system Ax = B is consistent (has solution) if r (A) = t (A: B) Also if
r (A) = r (AB) = no. of unknowns, then system has a unique solution and if
r (A) = r (A: B) < no. of unknowns, then system has an infinite no. of solution.
R5 3 7 : 4V
W
S
Now, here [A: B] = S3 26 2 : 9W
SS7 2 10 : 5WW
R T
V
X
J
N
3
7 :
4W
R2 - 3 R1 & R2O
S5
K
5
= S0 121 - 11 : 33W
K
O
5
5
5W
R 3 - 7 R1 & R 3O
S
K
5
S0 - 11 1 : - 3 W
L
P
5
5
5W
S
RT
V X
7 : 4W
S5 3
R2
= S0 121 - 11 : 33W
bR2 + 11 & R 3 l
5
5
5
S
W
0 : 0W
S0 0
X
&
r (A) = T2 = r (A: B)
i.e.
r (A) = r (A: B) = 2 < no. of unknowns (3)
Thus system has an infinite no. of solutions.
MA 1.21

Since r (A) = n - 1, at least one (n - 1) rowed minor of A is non-zero, so at least
one minor and therefore the corresponding co-factor is non-zero.
So, adj A ! 0
MA 1.22

R1 - 4 7 : 14V
S
W
Here
[A: B] = S3 8 - 2 : 13W
SS7 - 8 26 : 5 WW
TR
X
7 : 14VW
S1 - 4
= S0 20 - 23 : - 29W
SS7 20 - 23 : - 93WW
X
RT1 - 4
7 : 14 VW
S
= S0 20 - 23 : - 29W
SS7
0
0 : - 64WW
T
X
r (A: B) = 3 & r (A) = 2 ,
r (A) ! r (A: B)
Thus system is inconsistent i.e. has no solution.
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
f
R 2 - R1 & R 2
R 3 - 3R 1 & R 3 p
^R 3 - R2 & R 3h
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE2311
MA
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
MA 1.23

The characteristic equation of a matrix A is given as A - lI = 0 .
The roots of the characteristic equation are called
Now, here A - lI = 0
3-l
5
=0
-4 -5 - l
&
in
.
o
c
.
ia
&
(3 - l) (- 5 - l) + 16 = 0 & - 15 + l2 + 2l + 16 = 0
&
l2 + 2l + 1 = 0 & (l + 1) 2 = 0 & l =- 1, - 1
Thus eigen values are - 1, - 1
MA 1.24
d
o

Characteristic equation is A - lI = 0
8 - l -6
2
&
-6 7 - l -4 = 0
2
-4 3 - l
n
.
w
w
&
&
l2 - 18l2 + 45l = 0
l (l - 3) (l - 15) = 0 & l = 0, 3, 15
MA 1.25

If eigen values of A are l1, l2, l3 then the eigen values of kA are kl1, kl2, kl3 . So
the eigen values of 2A are 2, - 4 and 6
MA 1.26

If l1, l2, ...., ln are the eigen values of a non-singular matrix A, then A-1 has the
eigen values 1 , 1 , ...., 1 . Thus eigen values of A-1 are 1 , 1 , - 1 .
2 3 3
l1 l2
ln
MA 1.27

If l1, l2, ..., ln are the eigen values of a matrix A, then A2 has the eigen values
l12, l22, ..., ln2 . So, eigen values of A2 are 1, 4, 9.
MA 1.28
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d

If l1, l2, ..., ln are the eigen values of A then the eigen values adj A eigen values
A A
A
adj A are
,
, ...,
; A ! 0 . Thus eigen values of
l1 l2
ln
adj A are 4 , - 4 i.e. 2 and - 1.
2 4
o
n
MA 1.29
.
w
w

Since, the eigen values of A and AT are square so the eigen values of AT are 2
and 4.
MA 1.30

Since 1 and 3 are the eigen values of A so the characteristic equation of A is
(l - 1) (l - 3) = 0 & l2 - 4l + 3 = 0
Also, by Cayley-Hamilton theorem, every square matrix satisfies its own
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
PE 23
23
MA
1
EF

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1124
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
241
MA24
EF
characteristic equation so
&
&
&
MA 1.31
A2 - 4A + 3I 2
A2
A3
A3
=0
= 4A - 3I 2
= 4A2 - 3A = 4 (4A - 3I) - 3A
= 13A - 12I 2
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w

Since
A (adj A) = A I 3
R1 0
S
&
A (adj A) = 2 S0 1
SS0 0
T
0VW RS2 0 0VW

0W = S0 2 0W
1WW SS0 0 2WW
X
X T
MA 1.32

Since the sum of the eigen values of an n-square matrix is equal to the trace of
the matrix (i.e. sum of the diagonal elements)
So, required sum = 8 + 5 + 5 = 18
MA 1.33

Since the product of the eigen values is equal to the determinant of the matrix
so A = 1 # 2 # 5 = 10
MA 1.34

cos q cos f cos (q - f) cos q sin f cos (q - f)
AB = >
cos f sin q cos (q - f) sin q sin f cos (q - f)H
Null matrix when cos (q - f) = 0
This happens when (q - f) is an odd multiple of p/2 .
MA 1.35

Since A + B is defined, A and B are matrices of the same type, say m # n . Also,
AB is defined. So, the number of columns in A must be equal to the number of
rows in B, i.e. n = m . Hence, A and B are square matrices of the same order.
MA 1.36

3 -4 3 -4
5 -8
=>
A2 = >
H
>
H
1 -1 1 -1
2 - 3H
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
1 + 2n - 4n
=>
, where n = 2 .
n
1 - 2nH
MA 1.37

cos a sin a cos b sin b
Aa : Ab = >
- sin a cos aH>- sin b cos bH
cos na sin na
=>
= Aa + b
- sin na cos naH
Also, it is easy to prove by induction that
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE2511
MA
EF
PE 25
25
MA
1
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
MA 1.38

We know that adj(adj A) = A n - 2 : A.
Here n = 3 , and
A =3
c
.
ia
adj (adjA) = 3(3 - 2) : A = 3A .
So,
MA 1.39
MA 1.40
in
.
o
d
o

We have
adj (adjA) = A (n - 1)
Putting n = 3 , we get adj (adjA) = A 4
n
.
w
w

Let
B = adj (adjA2).
Then, B is also a 3 # 3 matrix.
adj {adj (adjA2)} = adjB = B 3

= adj (adjA 2)
3-1
= 9 A2 (3 - 1) C = A
2
= B
= 2 16
16
2
8... A = A 2B
MA 1.41

Inverse matrix defined for square matrix only.
MA 1.42
Correct answer is 0.5.

2x 0 1 0
1 0
> x x H>- 1 2H = >0 1H
1 0
2x 0
> 0 2x H = >0 1H, So, 2x = 1 & x = 12 .
&
MA 1.43

R 2 - 1V
W 1 -2
S
AB = S 1 0W>
SS- 3 4WW 3 4
R(2) (1) T+ (- 1)X(3)
S
= S (1) (1) + (0) (3)
SS(- 3) (1) + (4) (3)
T
R- 1 - 8 - 10V
S
W
= S 1 -2 -5 W
SS 9 22 15WW
T
X
o
n
.
w
w
o
.c
a
i
d
-5
0H
i. n
(2) (- 2) + (- 1) (4)
(1) (- 2) + (0) (4)
(- 3) (- 2) + 4 (4)
2 (- 5) + (- 1) (0) VW
(1) (- 5) + (0) (0) W
(- 3) (- 5) + (4) (0)WW
X
MA 1.44
R1 3V
W
S
1
2
0
AAT = >
S2 - 1W
H
3 -1 4 S
S0 4WW
X
T
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
cos na sin na
(A a) n = >
- sin na cos naH

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1126
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
(1) (1) + (2) (2) + (0) (0)

=>
(3) (1) + (- 1) (2) + (4) (0)
PE
261
MA26
EF
(1) (3) + (2) (- 1) + (0) (4)

(3) (3) + (- 1) (- 1) + (4) (4)H
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
5 1
=>
1 26H
MA 1.45

If A is zero, A-1 does not exist and the matrix A is said to be singular. Only
(B) satisfy the condition.
5 2
A =
= (5) (1) - (2) (2) = 1
2 1
MA 1.46

A skew symmetric matrix A n # n is a matrix with AT =- A . The matrix of (A)
satisfy this condition.
MA 1.47
MA 1.48

For orthogonal matrix det M = 1 and M-1 = M T , therefore Hence D-1 = DT
0 -B
A C
= D-1 = 1 >
DT = >
H
H
B 0
- BC - C A
R1V
1 1 0 S W (1) (1) + (1) (0) + (0) (1)
1
AB = >
=> H
S0W = >
H
H
1 0 1 S W (1) (1) + (0) (0) + (1) (1)
2
S1W
T X
This implies B = - C & B = 1 & B = ! 1

B
- BC
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
Hence B = 1
MA 1.49
From linear algebra for A n # n triangular matrix det A =

aii, . The product of
i=1
the diagonal entries of A
MA 1.50

R
V
2
Sd (t) d (cos t)W
2t - sin t
dt W
dA = S dt t
=
>
Sd (e ) d (sin t) W
et cos t H
dt
SS dt
W
dt W
T
X
MA 1.51

If det A ! 0 , then A n # n is non-singular, but if A n # n is non-singular, then no
row can be expressed as a linear combination of any other. Otherwise det A = 0
MA 1.52

Given
5 3
A =>
1 3H
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-4
PE2711
MA
EF
For finding eigen values, we write the characteristic equation as
GATE EE vol-3
PE 27
27
MA
1
EF
GATE EE vol-2
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
in
.
o
(5 - l) (3 - l) - 3 = 0
l2 - 8l + 12 = 0 & l = 2, 6
Now from characteristic equation for eigen vector.
&
c
.
ia
6A - lI @"x , = 60@
For l = 2
d
o
5-2
3 X1
0
=> H
>
H
>
H
1 3 - 2 X2
0
3 3 X1
0
>1 1H>X H = >0H
2
n
.
w
w
&
X1 + X 2 = 0
So
& X1 =- X2
1
eigen vector = * 4
-1
(1) 2 + (1) 2 = 2
R 1 V
W
S
2W
S
Normalized eigen vector = S
-1W
W
S
2
X
T
For given equation matrix form is as follows
R1 2 1V
R4V
S
W
S W
A = S2 1 2W, B = S5W
SS1 - 1 1WW
SS1WW
T
X
T X
The augmented matrix is
R1 2 1 : 4V
W
S
8A : BB = S2 1 2 : 5W R2 " R2 - 2R1, R 3 " R 3 - R1
SS1 - 1 1 : 1WW
TR1 2 1 : X4V
S
W
+ S0 - 3 0 : - 3W
R 3 " R3 - R2
SS0 - 3 0 : - 3WW
RT1 2 1 : 4VX
W
S
+ S0 - 3 0 : - 3W
R2 " R2 / - 3
SS0 0 0 : 0WW
TR1 2 1 : 4V X
W
S
+ S0 1 0 : 1W
SS0 0 0 : 0WW
X
T
This gives rank of A, r (A) = 2 and Rank of 8A : BB = r 8A : BB = 2
Which is less than the number of unknowns (3)
Magnitude of eigen vector =
MA 1.53
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
r 6A@ = r 8A : BB = 2 < 3
Hence, this gives infinite No. of solutions.

MA 1.54
Option (C) is correct

Let a square matrix
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
A - lI = 0
5-l
3
=0
1 3-l

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1128
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
281
MA28
EF
x y
A =>
y xH
We know that the characteristic equation for the eigen values is given by
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
A - lI = 0
x-l
y
=0
y x-l
(x - l) 2 - y2 = 0
(x - l) 2 = y2
x - l =! y & l = x ! y
So, eigen values are real if matrix is real and symmetric.
MA 1.55

Given system of equations are,
2x1 + x2 + x 3 = 0
x2 - x 3 = 0
x1 + x 2 = 0
Adding the equation (i) and (ii) we have
...(i)
...(ii)
...(iii)
2x1 + 2x2 = 0
...(iv)
x1 + x 2 = 0
We see that the equation (iii) and (iv) is same and they will meet at infinite
points. Hence this system of equations have infinite number of solutions.
MA 1.56

2 2
H
A =>
1 3
And l1 and l2 are the eigen values of the matrix A.
The characteristic equation is written as
Let,
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
A - lI = 0
2 2
1 0
>
H - l>
H =0
1 3
0 1
2-l
2
=0
1 3-l
...(i)
(2 - l) (3 - l) - 2 = 0
l2 - 5l + 4 = 0 & l = 1 & 4
Putting l = 1 in equation (i),
0
2-1
2 x1
=> H
>
H
>
H
0
1 3 - 1 x2
1
>1
Let
Then
So, the eigen vector is
x1
where > H is eigen vector
x2
2 x1
0
=> H
H
>
H
2 x2
0
x1 + 2x2 = 0 or x1 + 2x2 = 0
x2 = K
x1 + 2K = 0 & x1 =- 2K
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-2
GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-4
PE2911
MA
EF
PE 29
29
MA
1
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
2
Since option A> H is in the same ratio of x1 and x2 . Therefore option (A) is an
-1
eigen vector.
MA 1.57

3
5
4
5
3
5
M =>
x
Given :
in
.
o
c
.
ia
d
o
[M]T = [M] -1
And
T
-1
We know that when 6A@ = 6A@ then it is called orthogonal matrix.
n
.
w
w
6M @T = I
6M @
6M @T 6M @ = I
Substitute the values of M and M T , we get

3
> 45
4
5
3
5
5
3 H.>
x
1 0
H = >0 1H
R 3
S b # 3 l + x2
5
S 5
S 4 # 3 + 3x
Sb 5
5l 5
T
3
4 + 3 x VW
b5 # 5l 5
1 0
W
4
4 + 3
3 W = >0 1H
b 5 # 5 l b 5 # 5 lW
X
2
12
3
9
1 0
25 + 5 x
25 + x
=>
>12 + 3 x
H
0 1H
1
25
5
Comparing both sides a12 element,
12 + 3 x = 0 " x =- 12
5 =- 4
25 5
25 # 3
5
MA 1.58
i. n
o
.c
R1 2 4V
S
W
Let,
A = S3 0 6W
SS1 1 pWW
Let the eigen values of this matrix areT l1, l2 &Xl3
Here one values is given so let l1 = 3
We know that
Sum of eigen values of matrix= Sum of the diagonal element of matrix A
l1 + l2 + l3 = 1 + 0 + p
l2 + l3 = 1 + p - l1 = 1 + p - 3 = p - 2
a
i
d
o
n
MA 1.59
.
w
w

Given :
2x + 3y = 4
x+y+z = 4
x + 2y - z = a
It is a set of non-homogenous equation, so the augmented matrix of this system
is
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
- 2K
-2
> K H or > 1H

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1130
EF
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
301
MA30
EF
R
V
S2 3 0 : 4W
6A : B@ = S1 1 1 : 4W
SS1 2 - 1 : aWW
TR
X V
4W
S2 3 0 :
4W
R 3 " R 3 + R2 , R2 " 2R2 - R1
+ S0 - 1 2 :
SS2 3 0 : 4 + aWW
RT2 3 0 : 4V X
W
S
R 3 " R 3 - R1
+ S0 - 1 2 : 4W
W
S
So, for a unique solutionS0of the
0 system
0 : aofW equations, it must have the condition
X
T
r [A: B] = r [A]
So, when putting a = 0
We get
r [A: B] = r [A]
MA 1.60
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
1 2
A =>
l and l2 is the eigen values of the matrix.
0 2H 1
For eigen values characteristic matrix is,
Let
A - lI = 0
1
>0
2
1
- l>
H
2
0
0
=0
1H
(1 - l)
2
=0
0 (2 - l)
...(i)
(1 - l) (2 - l) = 0 & l = 1 & 2
So, Eigen vector corresponding to the l = 1 is,
0 2 1
>0 1H>a H = 0
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
2a + a = 0 & a = 0
Again for l = 2
-1 2 1
> 0 0H>b H = 0
- 1 + 2b = 0
a &b & a + b = 0 + 1 = 1
2 2
Then sum of
MA 1.61
b=1
2
Option (A) is correct

Let square matrix
x y
A =>
y xH
The characteristic equation for the eigen values is given by
A - lI = 0
x-l
y
=0
y x-l
(x - l) 2 - y2 = 0
(x - l) 2 = y2
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1
GATE EE vol-4
PE3111
MA
EF
x - l =! y
l = x!y
So, eigen values are real if matrix is real and symmetric.
GATE EE vol-3
PE 31
31
MA
1
EF
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
Linear
Algebra
in
.
o
2 1
H
Let,
A =>
0 2
Let l is the eigen value of the given matrix then characteristic matrix is
1 0
A - lI = 0
H = Identity matrix
Here I = >
0 1
2-l
1
=0
0 2-l
c
.
ia
d
o
n
.
w
w
(2 - l) 2 = 0
l = 2, 2
So, only one eigen vector.
MA 1.63

Writing A: B we have
R
V
S1 1 1 : 6 W
S1 4 6 : 20W
S
W
S1 4 l : m W
T
X
Apply R 3 " R 3 - R2
R
V
6 W
S1 1 1 :
S1 4 6 : 20 W
S
W
S0 0 l - 6 : m - 20W
T
X
For equation to have solution, rank of A and A: B must be same. Thus for no
solution; l = 6, m ! 20
MA 1.64

Eigen value of a Skew-symmetric matrix are either zero or pure imaginary in
conjugate pairs.
MA 1.65
i. n
o
.c
a
i
d
o
n
We have
.
w
w
f (x) = sin x
x-p
Substituting x - p = y ,we get

sin (y + p)
sin y
f (y + p) =
= - 1 (sin y)
=y
y
y
3
5
y
y
= - 1 cy - + - ...m
y
3! 5!
or
f (y + p) =- 1 +
y2 y 4
- + ...
3! 5!
Substituting x - p = y we get
f (x) =- 1 +
(x - p) 2 (x - p) 4
+ ...
3!
5!
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*
MA 1.62
GATE EE vol-2

in 4 Volumes
PE
MA1132
EF
MA 1.66
MA 1.67
Linear
Algebra
Linear Algebra
Algebra
Linear
PE
321
MA32
EF

Sum of the principal diagonal element of matrix is equal to the sum of Eigen
values. Sum of the diagonal element is - 1 - 1 + 3 = 1.In only option (D), the
sum of Eigen values is 1.
i. n
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w

The product of Eigen value is equal to the determinant of the matrix. Since one
of the Eigen value is zero, the product of Eigen value is zero, thus determinant
of the matrix is zero.
Thus p11 p22 - p12 p21 = 0
MA 1.68

The given system is
4 2 x
7
=2 1G=y G = =6 G
4 2
We have
A == G
2 1
4 2
and
A =
=0
2 1
4 2 7
Now
C ==
G
2 1 6
Rank of matrix r (A) < 2

Rank of matrix r (C) = 2
Since r (A) ! r (C) there is no solution.

MA 1.69

sin z can have value between - 1 to + 1. Thus no solution.
MA 1.70
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
w
w
3
5
sin x = x + x + x + ...
3! 5!
2
4
cos x = 1 + x + x + ...
2! 4!
Thus only sin (x3) will have odd power of x .
***********
*Shipping Free*
*Maximum Discount*

GATE EE Vol-4 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE EE Vol-4 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE

NODIA & COMPANY

GATE Electrical Engineering Vol 4, 2e

Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY

NODIA & COMPANY

B 8, Dhanshree Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039

Single Phase Induction Motor & Special Purpose Machines

Gate Solved Questions

Fundamentals of Power System

Load Flow Studies

Symmetrical Fault Analysis

Symmetrical Components and Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis

Power System Stability and Protection

Power System Control

Gate Solved Questions

Probability & Statistics

Gate Solved Questions

Surds, Indices and Logarithm

Sequences and Series

Averages, Mixture and Alligation

Ratio, Proportion and Variation

Time, Speed & Distance

Time, Work & Wages

If A and B are square matrices of order 4 # 4 such that A = 5B and A = a B ,

Every diagonal element of a skew-symmetric matrix is

Every diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix is

Every diagonal element of a Skew-Hermitian matrix is

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

GATE Electrical Engineering-2015

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

(D) None of these

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

The system of equation x - 2y + z = 0 , 2x - y + 3z = 0 , lx + y - z = 0 has the

(D) None of these

The system equations x + y + z = 6 , x + 2y + 3z = 10 , x + 2y + lz = 12 is

(D) None of these

The system of equations 5x + 3y + 7z = 4 , 3x + 26y + 2z = 9 , 7x + 2y + 10z = 5

If A is an n -row square matrix of rank (n - 1), then

The system of equations x - 4y + 7z = 14 , 3x + 8y - 2z = 13 , 7x - 8y + 26z = 5

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

GATE Electrical Engineering-2015

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

If A is a non-singular matrix and the eigen values of A are 2, 3, - 3 then the

If 2, - 4 are the eigen values of a non-singular matrix A and A = 4 , then the

If 1 and 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then A3 is equal to

If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 2 then A(adjA) is equal to

If the product of matrices

cos2 q cos q sin q

is a null matrix, then q and f differ by

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Which of the above statements are true ?

If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 3 , then adj(adjA) is equal to :

If A is a 3-rowed square matrix, then adj(adj A) is equal to

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

GATE Electrical Engineering-2015

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-4

The matrix, that has an inverse is

The skew symmetric matrix is

The system of algebraic equations x + 2y + z = 4 , 2x + y + 2z = 5 and